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GREEK VERBS
VEITCH
HENRY FROWDE
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE
AMEN CORNER,
E.G.
GREEK VERBSIRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVETHEIRl~
FORMS MEANING AND QUANTITY
Embracing
all the Tenses used by the
Greek Writers, with References
to the
Passages in which they are found
BY
WILLIAM VEITCH,
LL.D. EDIN.
NEW EDITION
Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESSM DCCC LXXXVII[
A II
rights reserved]
PREFACE.result ofl
THIS book, on the Irregular and Defective Greek much toilsome labour and anxious thought
Verbs,
is
the
Greek Authors,to
the course of extensive and rather accurate reading of the I had been accustomed to mark whatever occurredas rare or peculiar in form, quantity, and meaning. This me to supply authority in cases where none had been
me
often enabled
previously given, and often to supply even tenses which had been denied to exist.
Thethe
chief peculiarities which distinguish same subject are the following:
this
book from others on
First, the history of the verb is more fully developed by being traced to a later period of the language, and the prose usage given commensurately with the poetic. I never could see the propriety
of accepting parts and forms peculiar to the Anthology, but rejecting those which occur first in Aristotle, Polybius, Arrian, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Lucian, etc. This fuller development will be of
no
slight
advantage to the advanced scholar
;
and
I
have taken care
to prevent its proving injurious to the less advanced whose attention should be confined chiefly to what is strictly classical by
marking
as late those parts
and forms which are not foundlist
in the
purer writers. Second, I have enlarged considerably the
authority for every part for which authority could present as well as for the derivative tenses.
of verbs, and given be found, for the
Third and what I hold of capital importance I have always given the parts in the simple form when I could find them, and in no instance have I given a compound without warning, or exhibiting its composition. The giving as simple forms those which thevitiates
Greeks uniformly employed as compound, is a fault that deeply every book on the subject, and a fault of perhaps graver import than may on first thoughts be very obvious. It is easy to But to what extent, and say that the compound infers the simple.
2037879
vi
PREFACE.what senseis
in
is
this true
r
Legitimate analogical formation
is
one
thing, usageliqui,
another.
The Romans of the classictollo, tollere,
period said linquo,sustuli,
linquere, but re-lictus ;
but
sublatum
;
not specio, etc., etc. r and we say deceive, perceive, receive, but never ceive; preserve,, observe, reserve, never : in this sense, the simple serve.elicio,
not lacio
;
inspicio,
This might be followed out to great length, but it is enough for purpose merely to indicate the line of investigation, and to suggest an analogous case in other languages, especially in our own in which we can feel more strongly and finely. From the frequent absence of simples in whole or in part, and from the analogy of
my
other languages, is it not a natural and legitimate inference that the Greeks would have felt it as strange to hear certain of their compound verbs used in the simple form as we should do to hear
some of ours?
No
doubt changes introduced by time, accident,
use and wont, the absence of such combinations of circumstances as require the simple, the fact that compounds lose their more
prominent distinctiveness and thus serve the purpose of simples, degradation from written or confinement to spoken speech, usurpa-
by other verbs identical or akin in meaning, loss of records, and other causes may go far towards accounting for certain curious phenomena in language ; but let us have correct data from which The investigation let us have what the Greeks wrote. to reason is an interesting one, and I should be glad if it were taken up bytion:
some person who has
sufficient leisure, a
mind of
sufficientdiffer.
compass,
and duly exercised by use to discern the things that
I have uniformly used the best editions of the Greek Authors, and have thus been enabled to exhibit the Irregular and Defective Verbs somewhat more in accordance with the now approved Texts than has hitherto been done. Some books of considerable merit have been greatly marred by the use of uncritical editions. In
cases of disputed readings, instead of arbitrating myself, I have given what in a book like this ought always to be given the MSS.
and Editors that support each reading
;
and have thus furnished the
scholar with the proper data, the external grounds at least, for guiding his decision. All my references are the result of my own
reading
I have not borrowed them from others, except in a few ; very late Authors, Philo for instance, Apollinaris, etc., and these To Buttmann and Matthiae I am much inI owe to Lobeck.
debted.list
Buttmann on Epic
diction has
of Irregular Verbs in the third
German
no equal; and Matthiae's edition of his Greek
PREFACE.Grammar(untranslated)is
vii
one of the best
I
have seen.
I
have also
derived advantage from the Paris edition of Stephens' Thesaurus, and several useful hints from the works of Poppo, Kriiger, and AhrenSc
Extreme care has been taken
so essentially important in a. svork like this. disturbing biases, so many risks of going wrong,
to secure accuracy in every respect, But amid so manyit
will
be marvellousslipped
indeed
if I
have in
all
cases gone right.
My
eye
may have
over errors,
my judgment
over graver
faults.
In this second edition, I have corrected error and supplied defect by reading again the newest recensions of the classical, and ex-
tending
my reading of the later writers. I have also tried so to arrange the vouchers as to shew the usage general or confined to a class of each part of the verb, as well as the defects and dialecticpeculiarities.
The book
has thus been brought nearer to
its
aim
of being a trustworthy guide to the pupil and the teacher, and of some use perhaps also to the textualist and the advanced amateurscholar.I feel grateful to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press for their scholarly generosity in bringing out this book, so little fitted however good and useful its aim to engage the favour of the Trade
1865.
The
third edition
is
additions and alterations
a severe revision of the second, with such as seemed to be necessary or useful.
I gratefully acknowledge some important corrections and suggestions kindly communicated by the Dean of Christ Church.
1871.
In this fourth edition, besides a general revision, the references
have been largely increased, Dialectic peculiarities more carefully noted, and a few verbs added noteworthy chiefly for considerable I defect. gladly accord due thanks to Dr. G. Curtius, Leipsic, and
Dr. Pokel, Prenzlau, for kindly drawing seemly errors.1879.
my
attention to
some un-
W.
V.
PRINCIPAL EDITIONSTO WHICH REFERENCES ARE MADE.Homer: Bekker, La Roche.meister,Spitzner,:
Dindorf,
Hymns, Batr.Draheim.HesiodPindar:
Francke, Bau-
Hippocrates: Kiihn, Littre, Erm. Bekker, Poppo, Kru'g. Xenophon L. Dind. Poppo, Bornem.
Thucydides:
:
Goettling, Lennep, Schoem.
Kriig. Sauppe, &c. Attic Oral. Bekk. Baiter and Sauppe,:
Flach.:
Boeckh,
Schneidew.
Bergk,
Mommsen,
Christ.
Maetzn. Dind. Scheibe, Francke. Plato : Bekk. Bait. Orell. Winckel. \Aristotle: Bekker.Theophrastus Schneider, Wimmer. Polybius Bekker, L. Dind. Hultsch. Diodor. Siculus : Tauchnitz, Bekker, L. Dind. Dion. Halicarnas. Reiske, Tauchnitz,: ::
Elegiac, Iamb. Lyr.* and Dithyramb.
Poets : Bergk, Schneidew. Ahrens. Poetae Scenici (Aesch. Soph. Eur. Aristoph.): Pors. Elms. Herm. Blomf. Linw. Dind. Franz; references uniformly to Dind. (5 ed.) Comic Fragments (Com. or C. Fr.)
Kiessling.
:
Plutarch Vit.
Meineke.Orphica Hermann. Anthology ( Anthol. or Anth.) Jacobs, Tauchnitz, Meineke. Theocritus : Meineke, Ziegler, Paley,:
Bekk. Sintenis. Moral.: Wyttenb. Diibner.:
Arrian
:
Ellendt, Kriiger.
:
Lucian
:
Bekk,:
Jacobitz,
Dindorf,
Fritzsche.
Pausanias:
Siebel, Dind. Schubart.
Fritzsche.
Aratus
:
Manetho
Bekker. Axt and Rigler, Koechly.: :
Lycophron
Bachm.:
Callimachus
Ernest. Blomf. Meineke.
Appian Bekker, Mendelssohn. Dio Cassius Tauchnitz, Bekker,L. Dind. Strabo Kramer. Alciphron Wagner, Meineke. Athenaeus Dind. Tauchnitz.:
:
:
:
Ap. Rhodius : Wellauer, Merkel. Nicander : Gottl. and Otto Schneider.Babrius:
Lachm. Lewis.:
Dionys. Perieg.
Passow.
Oppian
:
Schneider.
Quint. Sm. : Tauchnitz, Koechly. Nonnus: Graefe, Koechly. Herodotus Bekker, Gaisf. Dind. &c.:
Diog. Laertius: Tauchnitz. Aelian: Schneider, Hercher. Stobaeus Tauchnitz, Gaisf. Meineke. Chariton D'Orville, Hercher. Longus Seiler, Hercher. Hercher. Epistologr. Graeci: : : :
Pseudo-Callisth.
:
Miiller,
MeuseL
&c. &c.
* Anacr. the genuine, Anacreont. the spurious Fr, of Anacreon.
GREEK VERBSIRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE.To injure mentally infatuate, 1 aor. (aaera), "aa 237,"aao-e Matron, Athen. 4, 135, "dda-' Od. 21, 296, -o-e 2 97> Q- Sm. 13, 429, COntr. acre Od. II, 6l, "ddaav, IO, 68; now Soph. Fr. 554; ao-at Aesch. Fr. 428: 1 aor pass, ada-d^v('Adw) Epic,II. 8,
4, 253; Ap. Rh. 4, 412, adtrdrjs Hym. 113 subj. uao-% Hes. Op. 283 (Schaef. aao-Qtts Od. 21, 301; ado-dt) Hym. Cer. 246; Mid. adrat (ddercu) as act. II. 19, 129 aor. Ap. Rh. 4, 1080. aao-d/xjji' intrans. I erred, II. 9, 119. 19, 137 (dao-d/xeo-tfa Q. Sm.II.
19,
136; H.
Hym.19,
Cer. 258, ado-0>7 Goettl. Dind.) ;
II.
;
:
5,
422.
9,
509), aao-aro(?) II.
II.
9,
537,
aao-- II,
340, but trans, "dcraro
19, 95 (Vulg. Wolf, Heyne); and if correct aaa-avro tore, Fr. Incert. 39, 3 Vb. *aaro? (Bergk), see below. (-TOS Buttm.) hurtful, Ap. Rh. i, 459, with d priv. d-daros Od.
misled,
duped
22, 5, a-aa- II. 14, 271, inviolable, av-dros Aesch. Ag. 121 1 ; Soph. O. C. 786. At II. 19, 95 quoted, Bekker, Spitzner, and Dindorf, instead of Zijv ua-aro the common reading, adopt Zevs aa-aro with Aristarchus. By this change the aor. mid. would lose its only instance of
Fr. Inc. 39, 3,3, 4, 4.
active force in classic Greek, unless Bergk's suggestion dao-avro be correct for 8d signifyingphysical harm.It certainly is not established by the quotation from Hesychius, dda-avTo, e/3Xa\^av, for, as far as documentary evidence goes, Hesych. may be merely defining his own notions of Epic usage; and even if he have a wider reference to authors
not now extant it is still not decisive, for the equivalent 6/3Xa^av has notoriously a double aspect, tfrptvas /SXaTn-etv II. 15, 724, as well as yovvara 7, 271.;
'
'A/3a/ce&>
To
&
speechless,
know
not
(/3dfa>),
Epic, and onlydjSaKifo/xoi is
aor. dftdKrjvav Od. 4, 249.
The
collateral
mid. form
used in participle only, -opevuv Anacr. 74 (Bergk.) (5/3a-). 'AfJoXew To meet, Orph. Arg. 472 if sound: fut. a/JoX^o-o) Ap. Rh. 3, 1145; Hesych. in use chiefly aor. d^dX^o-a Callim. Fr.:
455; Ap. Rh.
2,
770.
'A|3poTd(i> (d(fi)ppoTeii', dfiapTdvu) 70 miss, Epic, and only 1 aor. subj. d/3pordo/iei/ for -w/iec, II. IO, 65. 'A/Jpuvu (u) To make fine, adorn (d/3pdy), only pres. Aesch. Ag. 919; late prose, Philostr. V. Soph. 2, 3: and aor. opt.afipvvaisoneself,
^
Eur.
I.
Anth. (Leon. Tar.) 6, 281. Mid. d^pvvofiai to pride &c. Attic poet. Aesch. Ag. 1205; Soph. O. C. 1339; A. 858; Himer. Or. 5, 8. 13, imp. i]$pvv6p.r}v Attic
n
:
prose, Xen. Ages. 9, 2 ; PI. Apol. 20. 'Ayd^u To be greatly moved, feel displeasure, adore, &c. Poet,
and in act. only 2 sing, dydfeis Soph. Fr. 797 and inf. dyd&iv Aesch. Supp. 1063. Mid. as act. dya&vrai (Hesych.); d Pind. N. 1 1, 6 imp. Tjyd&ro late, Orph. Arg. 64 fut. dyd; ::
and aor. rjyavd^v &c. are perhaps'Ayatojiai
better referred to aya/tat.
To
be indignant, Epic, Ion.-erat
Archil.
Ap. Rh.138.
25 (Bergk), i, 899; Her.
Hes. Op. 333;8,
and only pres. -d/ieros Od. 20, 16;admire,
69;
late,
to
Opp. Hal.
4,
(d.)
'AyaXXidu 70 rejoice, unclassic, and act. rare, N. T. Rev. 19, 7 (Mss. A. C. Lach. Tisch.): imp. qyaXXt'ow Nicet. Eugen. 9, 285: aor. fjyaXXiaa-a only Luc. i, 47. Usu. mid. dyaXXido/u (classicoydXXo/xat)
V. T. Jer. 49 (30), 4: fut. -tdtro^ai Esai. 35, 2 ; Herm. Past. 5, i : aor. ^yoXXiaerd^j/ Ps. 15, 9; N. T. Joh. 8, 56; Orig. Ref. Haer. p. 243 (Miller) : and in same sense aor. pass. ^yaX\ida-6r)v Ps. 47, 12. 69, 5; -ao-^i/at N. T. Joh. 5, 35 (Vat.
For dyaXXiw/ie> Rev. have mid. -loyietfa, and for ^yaXXiW* Luc. i, 47, Bretschneider would read mid. -do-aro on the ground that the TO of the verb had been lost owing to the article TO immediately following. The best Mss. however present, andGriesb.), -adr/vat (Sinait. Lach. Tisch.)19, 7,
some Mss. and
edit,
the best editors retain, the aor. act. 'AyaXXw To adorn, Pind. N. 5, 43
;
Eur. H. F. 379
;
93147
;
-XXj; ibid.;
-XXcov
Pind. Ol.
i,
86
:
imp.
f}ya\\ov
PI. Leg. D. Cass.
dyaXw Ar. Pax 399; D. Cass. 44, 48. 59, 3; subj. dyiyXw Com. Fr. (Herm.) 2, 383; opt. dyr/Xai Aristid. 10, 68 -tuv D. Cass. 66, 2; inf. dyf/Xat Eur. Med. 1027: (p. p. (D.), Mid. ^yaX/^at?): aor. pass, late dyu\6^vai D. Cass. 51, 20.
Com.
*8. 57, 10. Fr. 57, 40 (Bekk.): Fr. (Theop.) 2, 810: 1 aor.
fut.
^Xa
dydXXo/icu
am proud,
II.
18,
132; Archil. 6 (Bergk); Eur. Bac.
1197; Ar. Pax 1298; Her. 4, 64; Thuc. 3, 82; PL Theaet. 176 imper. -\eo Archil. 66, 4: imp. qyaXXo'/^i/ Eur. Tr. 452 ; Her. i, 143. 9, 109 (Bekk.); Thuc. 2, 44; Xen. Ages. 5, 3, We have never met perf. pass, except dyaXX- Or. Sib. 8, 476. as a suggestion of D'Orville's, (g-r)ya\pevos for the Mss. reading rjyai(ifvos Charit. p. 263, now read ^yXa'icr^eVos Anth. App. Epigr.;
204.
(a.)i,
At Her.form
143, Mss.
and
editors agree in the
augmented
^yaXX-, at 9, 109 they differ, dyaXX- (Mss. Wessl. Schweigh. Gaisf. Stein), 7?yaXX- (Mss. Bekk. Dind. Krilg. Lhard. Bred.)
The agreement
of the Mss. in the
practice of Her. in by far the the augmented form.
first passage, and the general most of analogous verbs, favour
"Ayajiai To admire (pres. and imp. like to-rajuai), Od. 6, 168. 23, 175; Eur. I. A. 28; Ar. Ach. 488; Her. 4, 46. 9, 79; Isocr. 5, 148; PI. Menex. 249: imp. ^yd/^ Xen. Conv. 8, 8;PI.
Opp. Hal.
fat. Epic, and rare, dyao-o/xai (o-o-) Od. 4, 181 ; 68: aor. mid. mostly Epic in classic Greek fj-yda-a-aro II. 3, l8l, f)yd(ra- Callim. Apoll. 16; Anth. PI. 4, 38; Opp. Hal. 2, 629, dydcrcr- II. 3, 224; Q. Sm. I, 353, dyd 43. 4, 14, Dor. dyyfXtw, dv- Inscr. Heracl. i,
:
Dem.
LyS. 25, 30, fla- Lycurg. I, -n-fpi- Dem. 21, 4: pip. fjyye\Kfi, dn19, 23: p.p. fjyyfXpai rare in Poet. Aesch. Ch. 774; Thuc. 8, 97; PI. Charm. 153, e- Eur. Med. 1007: pip.TjyyeXfjLTjv,
Xen. Hell. 6, 4, 1 6, Ion. 3 sing. 2 aor. 1 aor. fiyyf\6r)v Eur. Hec. 591; Her. 6, 69; Thuc. 8, i Andoc. 2, 20; Xen. Hell. i, 5, 16; Isae. 9, 3; Dem. 3, 5, cm- Eur. Hec. 672; Antiph.3 pi.-t\fitvoi rjaav7,
yyeXro
if
sound Her.
37, see
:
;
i,
ii
;
Dem.:
18, 284, e|ayyfut. p.
Her.
i,
21 (Gaisf.
Dind. Stein),
see
below
dyyfX^o-o/iai, an-
Dem.
19,
324
:
2
aor.
Eur. I. T. 932, the only instance in classic Greek (Mss. Matth. Passow, -e'X Kiessl.); Polyaen. 4, i, 21, nor- Plut. Sert. 24; Herodn. 5, 2 (Bekk:), Trap- App. Civ. i, 121 (Bekk.), unaugm. dyyeXf'^ Anth.ii,(v. r.:
(Agath. Schol.) 7, 614, doubtful in classic Greek, air-r^yytkov Her. 4, 153 (Mss. S. V. Gaisf. Schweigh. -eXXoi/ Steph. Bekk. Dind. Kriig. Bred. Lhard. Stein), -e\ov 7, 142 (Mss. Schweigh. Bekk. Kriig. -eXXo* Ms. S. Aid. Gaisf. Dind. Bred. Stein), t-r)yye\f Lycurg. 85 (Vulg. Bekk. -qyyeXXe Mss. A. B., Bait. Saupp. Scheibe), eiV- Dem. 20, 79 (Wolf, Schaef. -XXoj/ Bekk. B. S. Dind. Voem.), see obs. Mid. dyye'XXo/xai Poet, in simple, and only pres. Soph. Aj. 1376, e- Her. 6, 10, lir- Thuc. 6, 88; PI. Prot. 319: imp. rjyyf\\6^v, eV- Soph. El. 1018; Her. aor. f)yyfi\dfj.r]v, 5, 98. 7, i; PI. Lach. 186: fut. (dyyeXou/wu) en- Her. 6, 35 ; PI. Gorg. 458 2 aor. very doubtful (dyye'Xero), ayyeXro if sound Her. 7, 37, is pass, and perhaps meant for pip. Bekk. Dind. Kriig. Bred.), (Mss. S. V. Schaef. Gaisf. ^yyeXXf::
142 (Vulg. eV-ayyeXX- Ms. P. Gaisf. Stein, eV-qyye'XXBekk. Kriig. Dind. &c.); eir-ayyeXoivro Xen. An. 5, 6, 26 (Mss. -eXXoiiro Mss. Kriig. -eiXavro Popp.), -e'Xoj/ro D. Sic. ii, 3 (Tauchn. -(\\ovro Bekk. Dind.); -eXo'/ievoi ii, 4. Fr- 30, 5 (Tauchn. -eX/xe'vot, -eXXo'/^ei/ot Bekk. Dind.) &c. &c. so doubtful are both 2 aorists rjyyeKov, ^yyeXoyujj/, see v. r. Soph. O. R. 955; Thuc. 8, 86 &c.; Xen. An. i, 4, 12. 3, 4, 14. 5, Vb. xaK-ayyt-Xros Soph. Ant. 1286, O.TT6, 26 (Popp. Kiihn.) This verb in the Mss. ayyt\Ttov Aristot. Rhet. Alex. 31, 3. of Her. is usu. with, often without augment. Gaisf. and Stein follow the Mss. dyy(\- 7, 37, tg-ayy- I, 21. 5, 105. 1 1 8, err-ayy3, 135. 142 &c. fay- 6 6 9- 8 8 ar-nyy- 7 I 39 & c but Bekk. Kriig. Bred, always rjyy-, and perhaps Dind. except onceerr-ayy/X- 3, Mss. V. S.>
>
-
-
fg-ayy- i, 21, seemingly
by oversight.
In the later critical recensions, editors in accordance with the best Mss. have discarded almost entirely the 2 aor. act. mid. and pass, for 1 aor. and often imp. which, if the Mss. represent the usage, seems to have been sometimes used with apparently
In Xen., Plato, and the Attic Poets, the force of an aorist. we think there is not left a trace of 2 aor. except perhaps Eur. Hel. 448, ayytXt'tv, which, if correct, seems left to the sadGaisf. in his choice of being either 2 aor., or future with &v. last ed. of Her. (1839) retains 2 aor. act. we think in one place only, drniyytXav 4, 153, Bekker and Kriig. at 7, 142, Dind. Bred. Lhardy imp. dTnjyyeAXoi' in both passages. In the orators, Bekker has left perhaps only one instance e^yyeXe Lycurg. 85, to which however, in the critical notes, he prefers e'^yyeiXf, Bait. Saupp. Scheibe ei?yyeXXe (Mss. A. B.) : 2 aor. mid. Gaisf. once and unaugm. ayyeXro (if not pip.) Her.7,
37, but imp. qyyeXXfro (Bekk.eVayye'XojiToit,
retaining
Xen. An.
5,
Dind.), and Poppo, though 6, 26, has nevertheless
stigmatized
and suggested
eV^yyetXairo
from
v. r. inna-xfovvTo
(Dind.) : on the same grounds Kriiger suggests imp. eTnjyyeXSome foreigners, XOITO, but gives in the text opt. -yeXXoivro.
probably from want of Gaisford's last ed. of Her., have misrepresented the readings of that cautious, sound, and candidscholar.
subj. dyeipijs;
Dem. 8, 26, Ar. PI. 584; Alcm. 33 (Dind.); opt. dye/pot Od. 17, 362; Xen. Hier. 9, 9 imper. 3 pi. dypoVnav Attic so called, II. 2, 438 dye/pwi/ II. ii, 770; Her. 4, 35; Thuc. 2, 17; inf. dyeipfiv Her. 4, 35, Dor. dyfipev Theocr. 14, 40 (Mein. Words, -peiv Ahr. &c.): imp. rjyeipov Her. I, 6l, ayp- Ap. Rh. 2, 1 86: flit, (dyepw?): aor. rjyapa II. 17, 222, ayp- Od. 14, 285; Hes. Op. 652; ayei'paxrt Thuc. 6, 71; dyei'pat? Ap. Rh. I, 893; inf.' dyeipat Thuc. i, 9 dyet'par II. 9, 338 Soph. El. 695 Eur. Hec. 615 ; Thuc. 4, 105 PI. Rep. 369, Dor. -eipats Find. P. p. 9, 54 late ovv-ayfjyepKas Theodr. Prodr. 4, 467 (Herch.) ; -K&S Hesych.r p.p. dyrjyepnevos App. Civ. 2, 134, trvv- Phot. Hesych. pip. and dy^yepTO App. Mithr. 108, Epic 3 pi. dyj;y/paro II. 4, 211 late prose App. Hisp. 40: aor. riyipOijv II. i, 57, dye'p^ 22, 475, Epic 3 pLjytpdfv II. i, 57. Od. 8, 24, Sy fp&i, Ap. Rh. 3, 356 fut. dytpdrjo-trat (Hesych.). Mid. dydpopai gather for oneself Od. 13, 14; TTfpt-ayetpd/iei/oi PI. Rep. 621: imp. etr-ayeipero II. 15, 240. 21, 417 (Bekk.): fut. dytpovvrai reflex or pass. Orac. Sib. i, 346 1 aor. ^yftpd/irjj/, dyeipa(j.{vos Ap. Rh. 4, 1335; Q. Sm. 2, 559, ^w-aydparo Od. 14, 323; late prose Ael. V. H. 2 aor. dy/poi/ro Epic, and reflex collected themselves, 4, 14 Od. 20, 277; dyipeadai Od. 2, 385 assembled, II. 18, 245. (Buttm. Bekk. -fpevBai Dind. Ameis) ; part. sync, dypoptvos Od. 20, 123. Late pres. dyf'pop.at dyfip- Ap. 20, 1 66. R a- 3> 895; Opp. Hal. 3, 378, d/x.
We
The
dyelpai,
which
late editors
ftdx ri v tfy fl p a s 13,
77^>
TroXe/xoj/ fjyeipav PI.
be referred to eyelpco. seem to be exclusively Epic in the classic period. The 2 aor. mid. is always intrans., the 1 aor. always trans, simple and comp. ; fo-ayelpaTo Aads Od. 14, 248 (Vulg. Dind.) has been rightly altered to imp. ea-ayeipero by Bekker, and adopted by Her. always augments this verb, Faesi, Baeumlein, La Roche.tfyfipI, 6l. 62, (rvv-Tjyeip- 4, 4. 163. 'Ayj^Xarew, dy- To drive out as polluted (ayos-eXavva>), in the classic period, only pres. dyijAen-eet Her. 5, 72 : and fut.c
have properly changed to (yelpai ; and Leg. 685, should also The mid. and passive in the simple form
dyrj\aTT](Tfii>
Soph. O. R. 402.;
(a.)
Ayiw To
consecrate (ayios), Poet,
and
late prose, -tf
Dio. H.
-ifsw Soph. O. C. 1495: imp. rjytCov conveyed stealthily, filched, Ar. Plut. 68 1 : aor. pass, ayia-deis Pind. Ol.r > 57> -ifrvvi 4, 2
3>/9- () Her. 'AyZWu To bring, Epic and Ion. Od. 14, 105. 22, 198 3, 97, 3 pi. Ion. -eva-i Callim. Apoll. 82; aylvelv Hes. Op. 676; Crates i, 8 (Bergk), Ion. dyivtew, air- Her. 3, 89, .
'AyKaAio|iai To embrace, Simonid. 7, 77 (Bergk); Plut. Mor. 638: (fut.): aor. ^yKaXto-i/M7;i/ Anth. (Meleagr.) 12, 122; Maneth. i, 45: with p. as mid. ^y/caXio-/ieVo? Lycophr. 142, vn- Eur. HeThe racl. 42 pres. pass. dyKaXi6pfvos Aesop 366 (Halm.) comp. v-ayKa\ionai is also pass. Diod. Sic. 3, 58, and Mid.:
Alciphr. 3, 55, 89,
2, 4,:
Plut. Camill. 5 : 5 (Mein.) aor. eV-ayKoXio-ai Anth. 7, 476 ;;
imp.
f'v-rjy-
Alciphr.
-(rdpevos
N. T. Marc.
and
36: with p. p. as mid. fv-rjyKaXia-nevos Callistr. Descr. 146: pip. eV-jjyxaXioro 162 (Kayser), both missed by Lexicogr.
8for ava-
vA-y/cet/ACU
'A-yi/oew.
see
atu To makeN. A.6,8,
splendid, adorn,i,
28; Aristaen.
i;
Hippocr. 8, 368 (Lit.); Ael. Poet in Athen. 14, 16: imp.
^yXdtfoi/?
248
;
Fr. (Antiph.) 3, 148 (Mss.); Philostr. Apoll. Theoph. Epist. 15 : fut. -ai, eV- Ar. Eccl. 575 : aor.
Com.
Anth. 7, 321. 418; late prose Niceph. 7, 9, tV- Com. Fr. (Ar.) 2, dyX- Theocr. Epigr. I, 4; subj. dyXata-rj, 1184 ; late prose dyXaiW Plut. Mor. 965 (p.) p. p. ^yXdi'aTaif,y\ai 88; Dem. 18, 303: fut. mid. dyvofja-o^ai. as pass. Dem. 18, 249 (Bekk. B. S. Dind.); Luc. Jup. Trag. 5 (Mss. V. F.) but fut. pass, dyi/or^o-o/icu Luc. quoted (Mss. A. C. M. Dind. Jacobitz); Dem. quoted (Vulg.). Vb. dyvorireov Dioscor. Prooem. i. Of this verb, Poets seem to have used only pres. aor. and rarely perf. act. Why fut. mid. dyvor}v Coluth. 8; D. Per. 173. ayvj, 172 &c. &c. never -ocavro. Ion. prose form and peculiar to the Ion. dialect, he would most probably have written dyop&vro, -eavro, or -eovro, without augment ; if common to the Attic and Ion. rjyopwvro, -ewi/ro, or -eWo, with augm. The Herodotean form is dyopeua, rjyoptvov i, 60. Mid. dyopfva-acrdm 9, 26. Dietsch, Abicht, 3, 119 &C. &C. Lhardy, accordingly read yyopevomo or -evov, but if dyopdoftai is kept, dyop is more used, and rather better developed, Od. 19, 230; Ar. Vesp. 686;scarcely
imp. dir-ijyxov Jos. prose Polyb. 16, 34, 9; Plut. Mar. 27 Ant. 12, 5, 4 fut. -dyei Luc. Tox. 14 (Jacob. Bekk.): aor. Mid, dir-ijya Ar. Pax 796; late prose Luc. Lex. n. dyxopai strangle oneself, Com. Fr. 3, 81 ; Hippocr. 4, 482 ;late: :
Andoc.3,
i,
125;
Xen. Cyr.
3,
i,
sing, unaugm. dn-dyxfo -dyo/ieu Luc. Gall. 1 6 ; Charit. i, 4
81,
2
465; Ar. Nub. 780; Theocr. 3, Hier. 7, 13; Luc. D. Mer. 2, 4. Philops. 29. "Ayu To lead, bring, II. 9, 72; Pind. P. 9, 31; Aesch. Sept. 645; Soph. O. C. 183; Ar. Ran. 190; Her. 8,65; Thuc. PL Gorg. 478, 3 pi. Dor. ayovri Pind. P. 7, 13; Epic 2, 34; subj. ayyo-i Od. 6, 37 ; Epic inf. dyepfv II. 7, 420, Aeol. Dor. f. pt. ayoura, Trap- Pind. N. 7, 23: dyrjv Sapph. I, 19; imp. ?iynv II. 7, 310; Aesch. Pers. 342; Soph. O. C. 927; Eur. I. T. 1352; Her. i, 70; Thuc. 7, 29; Andoc. 3, 22; Lys. 3, 37; Xen. Hell. 4, 5, 3, Dor. lyw Pind. P. 9, 123; Theocr. 10, 2; Aesch. Pers. 863 (chor.); Eur. Ion 896 (chor.); Ar. Lys. 1255 (chor.), Poet, 'uyov II. 7, 312.; Pind. P. 5, 76, vv- Eur. Bacc. 563 (chor.), iter. ayewov Ap. Rh. i, 849; Her. i, 148: fut. a&> II. i, 139; Soph. O. C. 874; Ar. Pax 418; Her. 8, 60 Thuc. 4, 28 PL Rep. 466, Dor. 3 pi. 5|oto-t Pind. P. 6, 13: aor. rare va Hes. Op. 434. 440; Batr. 115. 119; Antiph. 5, 46, trpoa- Thuc. 2, 97, see below Epic imper. with vowel of 2 aor. orre II. 3, 105. 24, 778 (v. r. -are). Od. 14, 414; inf. dt>trai II. 23, 50, deficit 23, III. 24, 663: p. faa Polyb. 3, in; Stob. 70, 13, vio-8f)(TfT(u, Aristid. 39, 504 The pres. and fut. (Dind.) are sometimes pass. dya>vi(6n(i>os Dem. 24, 28: d-ycowftrat 21, 7* 1 aor. act. occurs in part, dyow'o-as Boeckh's Inscr. i, 575.
Maj. 14, 3
pi.:
Isocr. 18, i
aor.
Vb.2,
3,
dywworroj, fivtr-Karii. The fut.
writers only,dytavtaro/jLtvos
D. Hal. Rhet. 8, 3, dyutvivrtov Xen. Cyr. form dyow'o-o/iai occurs actually in late and even in them less frequently than it was wont:3, 1
Dio. Hal.3, 7,
19; Jos. Jud. B.
8 (now dyow'f- Kiessl.); Argum. Dem. 15 (Bekk.); Porph. de Abst. i, 31, but
17for -uro/uai Alciphr. i, 39 (Wagn.), -tovuai (Meinek.), -KTO^VOVS Luc. Anach. 36 (Vulg.), -tfrnevovs (Bekk. Dind. Jacob. 2 ed.) The Attics seem to have uniformly dropped o- in the fut. of verbs in -to, excepting dissyllab., as -tWwt'a>,
-taw,
KTt'a>,
&c.
The
collat.
form91
aywj/jaa, to contend, be anxious,
fined in classic auth. to pres.inf. -i&>> Isocr. 4,;
PI.
seems conand aor. and in these to part, and Charm. 162; rare in Poet. -iS>aa Com.:
Prot. 333 aor. dyuviaa-at Com. Fr. 3, rather better developed in later writers: dyaviSt Luc. D. Mer. 12, 4; Alciphr. 3, 59, -tare D. Sic. 13, 52, -iSxri Aristot. Rhet. i, 9, 21 imp. qywtW Ael. V. H. 2, i; Polyb. i, 10. 2, 6; D. Sic. ,1.3, 81 : fut. -tdo-w Porph. de Abst. i, 54 aor. rjyiavlaa-aFr. 4,
438
;
inf. -iav PI.
607.
it is
:
:
D.26,
Sic.
14,,
60;
Plut. Caes.
46; Aristid. 12, 89 (Dind.): p.
TjycaviaKtasi
vnep-
(Dem.) 6l, 28.
For pres.
indie. dya>viS> LyS.
stands eywye (Bekk. B. Saupp. Scheib.) have never seen either mid. or pass. 'A8dojJiCH, see oa|a>.(Vulg.)5
now
We
Homeric, aor. opt. d8ij Od. i, 134 : Some aspirate dfya--, d8rjK-. 10, 399 (a). 'ASrjXew To be in the dark, in act. only pres. and only in Soph. Pass. Ion. and Att. prose aS^Xen-ai S. Emp. -oC/Liei/ O. C. 35.(
A8e'w)
To
be sated,
p. part.
d8r]Ku>s II.
Theophr.'ASiKe'u
79, 9. 319, 4; -Xeto-^ai 591, 25. 605, 15 (Bekk.); late aS^Xov/xeVj; Fr. 30, -v/xei>a Hippocr. 8, 18(Lit.)
22; Eur. Ph. 958; Her. 2, 160; Antiph. 6, 7; Thuc. 3, 65; Isae. n, 15; ddiKflv Aesch. Eum. 85: imp. T)8iKow Ar. Nub. 1509; Antiph. 6, 9; Lys. i, 38; PI. Prot. 322, Ion. f)8iKfov Her. i, 121 fut. ->jo-a> Com. Fr.injure,4,:
To
Solon
Xen. An. 2, 5, 3 PI. Crit. 48 aor. ^St'^o-a H. H. 429 Cer. 367 ; Her. 7, 35 Thuc. 3, 56 p. ^Si'^Ka Eur. Ale. 689 p. p. Antiph. i, 23; Thuc. 3, 63; Lys. 9, 12, act. reg.3,;; :
;
:
;
:
TjftiKrjiJLai
-T}rai Her. 3, 21 ; Antiph. i, 31; -r^fi/os pip. ^St'^ro 6, 10; Dem. 29, 41 : Antiph. i, 21 aor. -T)6r)v Antiph. 5, 88 ; Thuc. 3, 65 ; PI. Rep. 344 : fut. p. late -T]dr]
-
"
fir-dpas I, 90.
2,
162,
e'- 9, 79>
e>
6ro 6, 133, eTT-apdr/s I, 212, ~?7P
7, 38. 9, 49 (Mss. Gaisf. Bekk. Dind.) Hippocr. too, along with ddpa, has aipet, 8, 368, aipfiv 8, 144. 2l6, tuprrat 8, 328, err- 8, 282, aLpr^rai 8, 328, riprm, eir- 8, 280
-apdels i, 90. 5, 81. 91.
(Littre").
Epic and only part. deica6nvos 458. H. Cer. 30; Q. Sm. 14, 29. 'AeAirrew To have no hope (ofXriro?), only part. Ep. and Ion. df\TTTfovT(s quadrasyll. II. 7, 310; Her. 7, 168. Before Wolf, de\Treovres Stood in the II. 'Ae'lu To increase, Ep. and Ion. pres. only and imp. in classic auth. II. 17, 226 ; Hes. Op. 6 ; Theogn. 1031 ; Simon. C. 84. 5 ; Find. N. 2, 15; Soph. Aj. 226 (chor.); Eur. Hipp. 537 (chor.);('AeKd^op,ai)1 8,
To
be reluctant,6,
Od.
135,
-oftfvri II.
imp. never augm. in early Epic, Htfov Od. grows II. 18, no; Hes. Op. 377 Find. Emped. 330; Aesch. Ch. 825 (chor. eu>a Herm. and now Dind. 5 ed.) imp. de'ero II. n, 84. Od. 22, 426 ; Hes. Th. Late 195, but r)tfv Callim. Jup. 55, -ovro Ap. Rh. 4, 1426. forms, fut. degfjo-ca Nonn. 12, 24: aor. Tjegijo-a 8, 104; Anth. App. Epigr. 299 pip. p. W^ITO, dv- Nonn. 4, 427 aor. defKa,
fir-
Isocr. 12,5,
233; Hippocr.
2,
334
IsOCr. 12, 207 p. p. jjvqpai, (Lit.): aor. jjffdrjv, alvtdfls:
ulvtTfov late,
Vb. mi/fros Anth. 7, 429, -MJTOS Pind. Nem. 8, 39, but fn-awtTfov PI. Rep. 390. Unaugm. in Pind. and Her. No such form as cuvtlw occurs in Pind. now at least. The simple verb is confined chiefly to Epic and DramaticHer.
AtVoXe'ft).
27-/&>i>
poetry,
and Tonic prose3,
:
atVw Her.
i,
137;5,
i,
122. 6, 120:-ecrayI,
imp.
aivtov
73. 76. 8,:
69:
aor. aivetre
twice only aor. pass, alvedets 5, 102 pres. p. alvfo^evos, ; alveio-6 and irapaivtia alone have fut. mid. as well as fut. act., and in the same sense. See each in its place.freq. in
alvea
and compds. never drop s in the fut. To praise, Aeol. and Ep. for alvea>, only pres. Hes. Op. 683; and eV-cuVjj/u Simon. C. 5, 19 (Bergk), quoted byAinrjfxi
PI. Prot. 345-
To praise, only pres. and late in act. Anth. 1 1, 341. Dep. only pres. II. 13, 374. Od. 8, 487. Alcuro-opu To speak darkly, Dep. mid. Eur. Ion 430; Her. 5, 56, Attic -irrofiat Ar. Pax 47 (Vulg. Br. Bekk. -iWo/u Dobr. Mein. Dind. 5 ed., as uttered by dvfjp 'IWVIKOS); Aeschin. 2, 108 ; PI. Apol. 21 imp. wr- PI. Charm. 162 fut. alvigopai Eur. Elec. 946: aor. fivigdp.^ Soph. Aj. 1158; Ar. Av. 970; PI. Theaet. 152, alvig- Pind. P. 8, 40 p. fjviypai pass. Theog. 68 1 aor. Ar. Eq. 196; Aristot. Rhet. 3, 2, 12; Luc. V. H. r, 2 Vb. alvucros Soph. O. R. 439. pass. PL Gorg. 495. in act. is late and rare Philostr. 6, (245). AiWpu To take, Epic, Od. 14, 144; Simon. C. 5, 17 (Bergk); alvvcro Nic. Al. 55. 148: imp. unaugm. alvv^v II. u, 580. i3> 55- 15, 459- Od. 21, 53; Hes. Sc. 149 (Wolf, Goettl.). Fr. 174; Ap. Rh. 4, 162; Callim. Fr. 238; Theocr. 24, 137; -vpfvos Od. 9, 429, -/j-evr) Hym. Cer. 6; Ap. Rh. 4, 680, -vpevoi Od. 9, 232, -tvai 22, 500, -nwovs 9, 225. Like fci/ci/fyim, butAii/i^u
Poet.
Mid.
alviop.at
:
77
:
:
;
:
n
without augm.II.
13,
262
582. 17,AioXe'w
an-o-aiVu/^at Poet, for drratV- lake from, have taken, imp. dnoaivvTo Od. 12, 419; but drraivvfjifvos II. II, 85, as dnaiwTO II. 15, 595 ; Anth. 14. 3.:
To3,
variegate, only inf.
-oAeu>
PL
Crat. 409.
aioX^ro
Ap. Rh.
471 (some Mss. and edit.) is now eoX^ro (Mss. Br. Well. Merk.) aioXXw Ep. To move quickly, to variegate, is also -o'XXet late Nic. very partially used, pres. atdXXi? Od. 20, 27 Ther. 155 and pass. al6X\ovrai Hes. Sc. 399. eu'oXXei Pind. P.;:
4,
now p.at Soph. Aj. 193 Eur. Cycl. 474, -am> Or. 3; Ar. Ran. 1406; apdpevos Ar. Pax 763. Ran. 32; Antiph. 5, 63. 6, 16; Lycurg. 95; Dem. 18, 208. 21, 132; apaaOai Com. Fr. (Aristophont.) 3, 357; Thuc. 6, 9 : 2 aor. Poet, unaugm. and referred by some to apvvpai, dpop.T)v (a) II. II, 625. 23, 592; *apa>/Ltat, -prjai HeS. Op. 632, Pind. N. 9, 46 ; apoL^v II. 18, 121; Xenophan. -Tjrat II. 12, 435 2, 7; Aesch. Sept. 316; Soph. El. 34; apeatiai II. 16, 88. Od. 22, 253; Soph. Aj. 245; Theocr. 17, 117; dpopfvos Aesch. Eum. 1 68: and as mid. p. p. ^p/xeVot Soph. El. 55; Strab. 3, 150; Philostr. Ap. 3, 115. 6, 273. rjpa Ar. Ach. 913, is 2 sing. 1 aor. m. Boeot. for ijpao Xenophan. 5, i, fjpa>. Horn, uses the indie, of both w ),
mid."aKa^ffe
'AKaxilu
imp.i,
To grieve, Q. Sm.
afflict
(a^w, aKax 7 (-.
'A\&j To ward off, rare, inf. aXe^fitv II. 3, 9, -i^vai II. i, n, 469 and, if sound, in a Spartan decree Thuc. 5, 77, Xen. Cyr. 4, 3, 2, Plut. Mor. 157 : aor. -evdrjv very late, Greg. Naz. : pres. -euo/zeVai Mid. -evopai Ar. Eccl. Pind. Ol. 8, 30, -evT}i> PI. Rep. 508.
trans, to dispense &c. PI. Rep. rare in Attic poetry, Soph. Ant. 950 Ar. Eq. 948 ; Isae. 6, 61 &c. p. p. -tvp.ai
600 ; Thuc. 6, 18; Xen. Conv. Ach. Tat. 8, 8 (Vulg.) i, 82;:
4,
41
:
fut. -euo-o/nat Dio. Hal.;
aor. -evo-a/i^ Luc. Imag. 21
Diod.Fr.
Sic. 4, 1 2
:
with p. p.
Tera/xiev/iiat
Lys. 30, 3
;
Hyperid.
i, 4.
Tdficw, see Tfpva,
Tdcdw To stretch, Epic lengthened form of rVa>, II. 17, 391. Od. 21, 152, fv- Her. 2, 173, Hippocr. 4, 244 (Lit.): imp. Tavvfv Pind. P. 4, 129 fut. ravva-ct simple late, Orac. Sib. 10, 82 ; Anth. (Paul. Sil.) 5, 262, *v- Od. 21, 127, Epic -tWco Orph. L. 179 ; Nonn. 2, 234, and some say (a- elided) rawa Od. 21, 174 aor. eraviJa-a- -raw- II. 1 6, 5^7* Od. 21, 409, and fTawaa-a II. 1 6, 662. Od. 21, 407, Tavvtra II. 16, 567, eV- Pind. P. 4, 242, rdvva-aa II. 9, 213; Tavva-rj II. 23, 324, -wo-0-.v 17, 547. 23, 761; -ixr Com. Fr. (Antiph.) 3, 108; Xen. Mem. 2, i, 9; Isocr. 5, 151 ; PI. Rep. 371 imp. erao-ow Thuc. 4, 93, 8t- Her. 5, no, erarr- PI. fut. Tda> Apol. 28; Dem. 1 8, 221 Aesch. Sept. 284; Soph. O. C. 639; Xen. Mem. 2, i, 7, Dor. -