Date post: | 30-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | kasimir-hodge |
View: | 17 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Simón Bolívar and South American Independence
Venezuela splits from Gran Colombia (1830) Jose Antonio Paez & Conservative
Ascendency The Federal Wars 1858-63
◦ Desire for a more democratic society ◦ Anti-clericalism ◦ Personalism◦ Caracas vs. Interior
Victorious “Liberals” ◦ fail to restore order◦ Instability leads to rule
of Guzmán Blanco Blanco
Liberal Enlightenment (1870 – 1888)◦ Centralization of power
in Caracas◦ Economic development◦ Modernization
Antonio Guzmán Blanco
Dictatorship “light”
Arch of the Federation
◦ Guzmán Blanco Hands on rule
initially Exercised power
behind the scenes subsequently
◦ Holiday in Paris (1884-1886Accomplishments Centralization of
power in Caracas Economic
development Infrastructure
construction Modernization of
Caracas
1890 Guzmán Blanco’s heirs divide into factions
1899 – clash among political factions leads to violence
Return of revolutionary chaos opens the way for Andean domination.
Cipriano Castro and the Táchira Revolutionaries
October 22, 1899 – Victorious Andeans enter Caracas
Castro in power 1899-1908◦ Four years of intermittant fighting◦ Default on foreign debts leads to blockade (1902)◦ U.S.: role as negotiator
Castro becomes nationalist hero by resisting demands for debt payment by North Atlantic nations
November 1908 – to Europe for an operation
Style of governing◦ Political unification◦ Economic
transformation◦ Runs Venezuela like
his ranch Cattle deals used to
build the state Force and economic
incentives ensure loyalty of the inner circle
López Contraras Medina Angarita (1940-45)
◦ Continuing modernization ◦ Nationalism and petroleum ◦ Politics of the aborted 1945 presidential election
campaign Revolution of October 18, 1945
Trienio (1945-48)◦ Rapid modernization of peasants◦ AD takes control of organized labor◦ Marxist cast of AD governments antagonizes the
church ◦ Incorporation of provincial middle class◦ Constitution of 1947
Universal suffrage Representative democracy
AD’s Rómulo Gallegos wins more than 2/3 of vote
Opposition parties frustrated◦ COPEI (Christian Democrats)◦ PCV (Communists)◦ URD (Democratic Republican Union)
◦ AD divided & paralyzed
◦ Opposition believes they have been treated unfairly
◦ Church fears Marxist impact on Catholic education
◦ Military succumbs to pressure from opponents of the government
Provisional President Gen. Carlos Delgado
Chalbaud
Loved by the U.S. business community?
◦ Andean militarism with a new twist
◦ Populism Physical development Reliance on petroleum
income
◦ Nationalism ◦ Infrastructure
development
◦ Increasing persecution of opponents
◦ Fall in oil prices ◦ Corruption ◦ All work and no
play makes Marcos a dull boy
Mid 1957◦ Democratic Forces -
meet in New York City to coordinate efforts against the dictatorship
November 1957◦ Plebiscite on another
term for the dictator January 23 1958
Democratic Revolution◦ Return of exiles◦ Pact of Punto Fijo
(shares power)
Much of territory remains under-populated