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7/1/2011 Griggs & Morales 2011 1 Verb Tenses Tenses represent the time of the PRESENT The baby cries. PRESENT PERFECT The baby has cried. the time of the action, which is indicated by a verb. PAST The baby cried. PAST PERFECT The baby had cried earlier. FUTURE The baby will cry later. FUTURE PERFECT The baby will have cried before sleeping. Present Tense: present action or action that occurs always, repeatedly, or habitually The children The children are are ready to leave for school. ready to leave for school. David and Samuel David and Samuel take take a bus every day. a bus every day. Roxana Roxana eats eats cereal for breakfast. cereal for breakfast. Manuel Manuel rides rides his bike to school. his bike to school. Jaime Jaime fishes fishes with his grandfather on Saturdays. with his grandfather on Saturdays. The girls The girls swim swim and and dive dive at the community pool. at the community pool. Present Tense Tip! Third Person Singular Third Person Plural (with –s) (without –s) Edgardo runs They run María swims They swim The article explains The books explain My teacher wants The supervisors want The magazine describes The authors describe He He has written has written a text message to his friend. (CM) a text message to his friend. (CM) I have lived have lived in inYauco Yauco for 10 years. (CNG) for 10 years. (CNG) Present Perfect Tense: Action completed (CM) at the present time or continuing (CNG) into the present Have or has + past participle (verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n They They have been have been friends for five years. (____ friends for five years. (____) Felix Felix has broken has broken the 10 K world’s record. (____) the 10 K world’s record. (____) Brenda Brenda has brought has brought a cake to the party. (____) a cake to the party. (____) We We have felt have felt sick for two days. (____) sick for two days. (____) CNG CM CM CNG Exercises Present (Pr) & Present Perfect (PrP) 1. 1. Juan __________ a hamburger. Juan __________ a hamburger. 2. 2. Juan __________ a hamburger Juan __________ a hamburger. 3. 3. Yomi Yomi _________ the ball. _________ the ball. Eat ( Eat (Pr Pr) Eat ( Eat (PrP PrP) Catch ( Catch (Pr Pr) eats has eaten catches 4. 4. Yomi Yomi _________ the ball _________ the ball. 5. 5. Susan _________ over the fence. Susan _________ over the fence. 6. 6. Susan _________ over the fence Susan _________ over the fence. 7. 7. I ___________ every day. I ___________ every day. 8. 8. I ___________ every day. I ___________ every day. Catch ( Catch (PrP PrP) Jump ( Jump (Pr Pr) Jump ( Jump (PrP PrP) Write ( Write (Pr Pr) Write ( Write (PrP PrP) has caught jumps has jumped have written write
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Page 1: Verb Tensesacademic.uprm.edu/ggriggs/SixTenses/Handout-SixTenses.pdfa text message to his friend yesterday. I had lived inYaYauuccooforfor 10 years before I moved to LajasLajas.. Past

7/1/2011

Griggs & Morales 2011 1

Verb Tenses

Tenses represent the time of the 

PRESENTThe baby cries.

PRESENT PERFECTThe baby has cried.

the time of the action, which is indicated by a 

verb.

PASTThe baby cried.

PAST PERFECTThe baby had cried 

earlier.

FUTUREThe baby will 

cry later.

FUTURE PERFECTThe baby will have 

cried before sleeping.

Present Tense: present action or action that occurs always, repeatedly, or habitually

The children The children areare ready to leave for school.ready to leave for school.

David and Samuel David and Samuel taketake a bus every day.a bus every day.y yy y

Roxana Roxana eatseats cereal for breakfast.cereal for breakfast.

Manuel Manuel ridesrides his bike to school.his bike to school.

Jaime Jaime fishesfisheswith his grandfather on Saturdays.with his grandfather on Saturdays.

The girls The girls swimswim and and divedive at the community pool.at the community pool.

Present Tense Tip!

Third Person Singular Third Person Plural(with –s) (without –s)

Edgardo runs They run

María swims They swim

The article explains The books explain

My teacher wants The supervisorswant

The magazine describes The authors describe

He He has written has written a text message to his friend. (CM)a text message to his friend. (CM)

I I have lived have lived in in YaucoYauco for 10 years. (CNG)for 10 years. (CNG)

Present Perfect Tense: Action completed (CM) at the present time or continuing (CNG) into the present

Have or has + past participle (verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n

They They have been have been friends for five years. (____friends for five years. (____) ) 

Felix Felix has broken has broken the 10 K world’s record. (____)the 10 K world’s record. (____)

Brenda Brenda has brought has brought a cake to the party. (____)a cake to the party. (____)

We We have felt have felt sick for two days. (____)sick for two days. (____)

CNG

CM

CM

CNG

ExercisesPresent (Pr) & Present Perfect (PrP)

1.1. Juan __________ a hamburger.Juan __________ a hamburger.

2.2. Juan __________ a hamburgerJuan __________ a hamburger..

3.3. YomiYomi _________ the ball._________ the ball.

Eat (Eat (PrPr))

Eat (Eat (PrPPrP))

Catch (Catch (PrPr))

eats

has eaten

catches33

4.4. YomiYomi _________ the ball_________ the ball..

5.5. Susan _________ over the fence.Susan _________ over the fence.

6.6. Susan _________ over the fenceSusan _________ over the fence..

7.7. I ___________ every day.I ___________ every day.

8.8. I ___________ every day.I ___________ every day.

(( ))

Catch (Catch (PrPPrP))

Jump (Jump (PrPr))

Jump (Jump (PrPPrP))

Write (Write (PrPr))

Write (Write (PrPPrP))

has caught

jumps

has jumped

have written

write

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The Six Tenses:
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Page 2: Verb Tensesacademic.uprm.edu/ggriggs/SixTenses/Handout-SixTenses.pdfa text message to his friend yesterday. I had lived inYaYauuccooforfor 10 years before I moved to LajasLajas.. Past

7/1/2011

Griggs & Morales 2011 2

Past Tense: A definite completed action in the past

The children The children leftleft for school.for school.

David and Samuel David and Samuel tooktook a bus every day.a bus every day.y yy y

Roxana Roxana ateate cereal for breakfast.cereal for breakfast.

Manuel Manuel roderode his bike to school.his bike to school.

Jaime Jaime fishedfishedwith his grandfather on Saturdays.with his grandfather on Saturdays.

The girls The girls swamswam and and dovedove at the community pool.at the community pool.

Past Tense Tip!

Singular Plural

I ran; Edgardo ran We ran; They ran

I swam, María swam We swam; They swam

The article explained The books explained

My teacher wanted The supervisorswanted

The magazine described The authors described

He He had written had written a text message to his friend yesterday. a text message to his friend yesterday. 

I I had lived had lived in in YaucoYauco for 10 years before I moved to for 10 years before I moved to LajasLajas. . 

Past Perfect Tense: Action completed

before a stated or known time in the pastHad + Past Participle (verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n

They They had been had been friends for five years when I met them.friends for five years when I met them.

Felix Felix had broken had broken the world’s record before Pedro.the world’s record before Pedro.

Brenda Brenda had brought had brought a cake to the party that day.a cake to the party that day.

We We had felt had felt sick for two days during our vacation.sick for two days during our vacation.

ExercisesPast (Pa) & Past Perfect (PaP)

1.1. Juan __________ a hamburger.Juan __________ a hamburger.

2.2. Juan __________ a hamburgerJuan __________ a hamburger..

3.3. YomiYomi _________ the ball._________ the ball.

Eat (Pa)Eat (Pa)

Eat (Eat (PaPPaP))

Catch (Pa)Catch (Pa)

ate

had eaten

caught33

4.4. YomiYomi _________ the ball_________ the ball..

5.5. Susan _________ over the fence.Susan _________ over the fence.

6.6. Susan _________ over the fenceSusan _________ over the fence..

7.7. I ___________ every day.I ___________ every day.

8.8. I ___________ every day.I ___________ every day.

( )( )

Catch (Catch (PaPPaP))

Jump (Pa)Jump (Pa)

Jump (Jump (PaPPaP))

Write (Pa)Write (Pa)

Write (Write (PaPPaP))

had caught

jumped

had jumped

had written

wrote

g

Future Tense: Action that has not yet occurred but will take place in the future (uses “Will” or “going to”)

The children The children are going to leave are going to leave for school.for school.

David and Samuel David and Samuel will take will take a bus every day.a bus every day.y yy y

Roxana Roxana is going to eat is going to eat cereal for breakfast.cereal for breakfast.

Manuel Manuel will ride will ride his bike to school.his bike to school.

Jaime Jaime will fish will fish with his grandfather on Saturdays.with his grandfather on Saturdays.

The girls The girls will swim will swim and and divedive at the community pool.at the community pool.

FutureTense Tip!

I am going to run; Edgardo will run

We are going to run; They will run

I will swim, María is going to  We will swim; They areswim going to swim

The article will explain / is going to explain

The articleswill explain  /are going to explain

My teacher will want / isgoing to want

The supervisorswill want /are going to want

The magazine will describe/ is going to describe

The authorswill describe / are going to describe

Page 3: Verb Tensesacademic.uprm.edu/ggriggs/SixTenses/Handout-SixTenses.pdfa text message to his friend yesterday. I had lived inYaYauuccooforfor 10 years before I moved to LajasLajas.. Past

7/1/2011

Griggs & Morales 2011 3

He He will have written will have written a text message to his friend by noon. a text message to his friend by noon. 

I I will have lived will have lived in in YaucoYauco for 10 years this September.for 10 years this September.

Future Perfect Tense: Action that will be complete before a known time in the future

Will have + Past Participle (verb + -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n

They They will have been will have been married for married for five years next week.five years next week.

Felix Felix will have broken will have broken the world’s record for 2 years.the world’s record for 2 years.

Brenda Brenda will have brought will have brought a cake to the party tomorrow.a cake to the party tomorrow.

We We will have felt will have felt sick for two days tomorrow.sick for two days tomorrow.

ExercisesFuture (F) & Future Perfect (FP)

1.1. Juan __________ a hamburger.Juan __________ a hamburger.

2.2. Juan Juan __________       a hamburger.__________       a hamburger.

3.3. YomiYomi _________          the ball._________          the ball.

Eat (F)Eat (F)

Eat (FP)Eat (FP)

Catch (F)Catch (F)

will eat

will have eaten

is going to catch33

4.4. YomiYomi _________ _________  the the ballball..

5.5. Susan _________ over the fence.Susan _________ over the fence.

6.6. Susan _________ Susan _________  over over the fencethe fence..

7.7. I ___________ every day.I ___________ every day.

8.8. I ___________ I ___________  every every day.day.

( )( )

Catch Catch (FP)(FP)

Jump (F)Jump (F)

Jump (FP)Jump (FP)

Write (F)Write (F)

Write (FP)Write (FP)

will have caught

will jump

will have jumped

will have written

will write

g g

Summary

1.1. The present tense is used for actions in the present or The present tense is used for actions in the present or actions that occurs repeatedlyactions that occurs repeatedly

2.2. Third person singular takes a singular verb (Third person singular takes a singular verb (withwith ––s)s)

3.3. Third person plural takes a plural verb (Third person plural takes a plural verb (withoutwithout ––s)s)

4.4. The present perfect tense indicates an action completed The present perfect tense indicates an action completed in the present or continuing into the presentin the present or continuing into the present

5.5. The present perfect The present perfect tense uses tense uses ““havehave” or “” or “hashas” with the ” with the past participle of the verb past participle of the verb (regular verb ending in (regular verb ending in ‐‐eded, , ‐‐dd, , ‐‐tt, , ‐‐enen, or , or ––nn))

Summary

6.6. The past tense indicates that an action was completed The past tense indicates that an action was completed in the pastin the past

7.7. AAdd dd ––dd or or ––eded to regular verbs in the past tense.to regular verbs in the past tense.

8.8. Irregular verb tenses Irregular verb tenses are tricky and must are tricky and must be learned.be learned.

9.9. The past perfect tense indicates that an action was The past perfect tense indicates that an action was completed before a stated or known time in the pastcompleted before a stated or known time in the past

10.10. The past perfect tense uses “The past perfect tense uses “hadhad” + the past participle of ” + the past participle of the verb the verb (regular verb (regular verb + + ‐‐eded, , ‐‐dd, , ‐‐tt, , ‐‐enen, or , or ––nn))

Summary

11.11. The future tense indicates an action that has not yet The future tense indicates an action that has not yet occurred but will take place in the futureoccurred but will take place in the future

12.12. The future tense uses “The future tense uses “willwill” or the proper present tense ” or the proper present tense of “of “bebe” with “” with “going togoing to” and the verb” and the verbof of  bebe  with  with  going togoing to  and the verb. and the verb.

13.13. The future perfect tense indicates an action that will be The future perfect tense indicates an action that will be complete before a known time in the future.complete before a known time in the future.

14.14. The future perfect tense uses “The future perfect tense uses “will havewill have” + the past ” + the past participle of the verb participle of the verb (regular verb (regular verb + + ‐‐eded, , ‐‐dd, , ‐‐tt, , ‐‐enen, , ‐‐nn).).

15.15. For irregular verbs, see the irregular verbs handFor irregular verbs, see the irregular verbs handout.out.


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