The Verb Phrase.D. Shadia Banjar.

Presented by :Safaa Shuei Salem.

ID/ 0879058 Syntax 334 lane

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Types or classes of verb-:

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Transitive Verb.Intransitive Verb.Ditransitive verb.Intensive Verb.Complex-trasitive Verb.Prepositional verb.

Rules to remember:

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Intensive verb: VP intensive verb + sCsC NP or PP or AP Complex – transitive verb : VP Complex – transitive verb + dO + oC dO NP oC NP or PP or AP Prepositional verb: VP prepositional verb

+ pO pO PP

Transitive Verb-:

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- This girl likes that dog.- That dog is a NP functioning as the direct

object of the verb likes and the verb likes is a transitive verb.

- e.g. Kate hugged the baby.- None of which can be used in a verb

phrase without an object NP, as * Kate hugged

Kate hugged the baby.

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S

NP VP

N V NP

[ trans ]DET N

Kate hugged the

baby .

S P dO

Intransitive verb .

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By contrast, the intransitive Verb, is a class of verb doesn’t take an object. In fact it requires nothing else to complete the verb phrase.e.g. Ken snores. S

NP VP N V

[ intrans] Ken snores .

S P

Ditransitive Verb.

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Another class of verb is ditransitive. This type of

Verb requeires two objects. One of these is the familiar direct object dO, the other an INDIRECT OBJECT or iO for short.e.g. Ray told the children a story .

Ray told the children a story .

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S NP VP

N V NP NP

DET N DET N Ray told the children a story .

[ditrans]

S P dOiO

Ray told a story to the children.

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S NP VP

N V NP PP

DET N P NP

DET N

Ray told a story to the children .

[ditrans]

dO iOPS

Intensive Verb .

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Intensive Verb ( sometimes referred to as relational, linking, or copular) belong to a small group which include verbs like, be, seem, appear, become, look and so on .

The bit that come after the verb functions as the SUBJECT COMPLEMENT, shorthand version sC.

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e.g. Sally become a doctor. Form as NPe.g. George is in the garden. Form as PPe.g. Sue seems unhappy. Form as AdjP

As you may noticed that the form are different while the function are the same sC.

Sally become a doctor.

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S NP VP

N V NP

DET N

Sally become a doctor .

[intens]

Complex – transitive Verb.

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Another class of verb to appear with a complement is called complex -transitive.In this type of verb with the complement relates to the object .

e.g. Kate thought John a fool.

Kate thought John a fool.

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S

NP VP

N V NP NP

N DET N

kate thought John a fool.

[Complex]

S oCdOP

Prepositional Verb .

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Prepositional verb is one which requires a prepositional phrase in order to be complete .

Verbs like glance at, lean on, refer to, fall into this class.

e.g. sally leant on the table .

Sally leant on the table.

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S NP VP

N V PP

P NP

DET N

Sally leant on the table.

[Complex]

S P pO

Imperative Verb.

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Used to give commands or instructions. e.g. Close the door! S VP

V NP

DET N

Close the door.

[Trans]

S dO

Rules to remember-:

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Transitive verb: VP transitive verb + dO dO NPIntransitive verb: VP intransitive verbDitransitive verb: VP ditransitive verb +

iO + dOiO NP dO NP

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