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B

rellSlEied

C : r : a r : e d ~ : ~t h e ~

lD ~ bet:a_,n_radiation~ t o , .

IE ~ inlrlIIltdn. . . . . . . . .01nilli . . I E B ~ : = = =r e ~ l h u s mL o g i q / ~

__Th. SCDlI:IlI:eand apjHopi. '"refers toI I andra _ _

D

The subject of the Qpening dependent clau eIS pulsar, and the verb is Was Th cl. e auseneeds to indicate notjustthat the pulsareXIsted but thatit was observed by Bell; thepast perfect verb tense is inappropriate inthe concluding clause.

The opening participial phrase function- asan adjective, but it has nQ logical noun ornoun phrase to attach to; Bell herself wanot annQunced in 1968.

Grammatically, the opening participialphrasede cribe the first nounthat lollo,,"s,but it makes nQ ense to say that Ihe dis,atomof the pulsar was obseT'iwl;'dis,O'i'''J' ofthe .

first sightedpllisilr is alSQ impreci e; one doe-not discover a first ighting.

Correct. The sentencepre ents t h ~ equen:eof event clearly and in the pa t ten e.

This sentence presents e,'ents in a w a ~that iconfusing; as a conjunction, -hilt indicasimultaneousevents ,butthi enten, about events that occurredin a uenee.

Verb f o r ~ :Logical preen__construction - - 1 1 I I .... _ .

This sentence presents co dn ' lion thofollowed by an unexpected OUtco t ~

announcement of the d'ls m ~a delayedCoveryof a IsA compound sentence us', po ar.. . ng a coord'

conjunctIon bUI is an effect' lOatmgIve way to

conditions of the /irst puis 'gh' present t h ~a rl tlOg d hinformation about thesub an t ensequent annothe discovery. The sente ouncementnce must cl ifv h

i n ot a bo ut Ihe firslpulsar. b t h fi ar . t at it, u / e wp Ibe slghled. The verbs in the se t U Iar.. 10

. n ence must all be .past tense; usmg a past-perfect ' b 10. c . ver to presentlO1Ormatlon abQutthe announ

. ' . cement of thedlscovelJ' mdlcates that this ann. . ouncementIIlQgICally tOQk place before the I. h d pu sar wa /irstslg te .

A

B

C

E

D

The correct answer i D.

(A) AlthQugh the first pulsar, Qr rapidly spinningcQllapsed star, tQ be sighted was In the summerQf 1967 by graduate student JQcelyn Bell, it hadnQt been annQunced until February 1968.

(B) AlthQugh nQt annQunced until February 1968, inthe summer Qf 1967 graduate student JQcelynBell Qbserved the first pulsar, Qr rapidly spinDlngcQllapsed star, tQ be sighted.

(el AlthQugh Qbserved by graduate student JQcelynBeilin Ihe summer Qf 1967, the dlscQvery Qf Ihefirst Sighted pulsar, Qr rapidly spinning cQllapsedstar, had nQt been annQunced befQre February1968.

(D) The first pulsar, Qr rapidly spinning cQllapsedstar,tQ be Sighted was Qbserved In the summer Qf1967 by graduate studenl JQcelyn Bell, bullhediSCovery was nQt annQunced unhl February 1968.

IE) The firsl sighted pulsar, Qr rapidly sptnDlngcollapsed slar. was nol annQunced unlll February1968, while II was observed In the summer Qf1967 by gradu te sludenl JQcelyn Bell.

Idiom: Logical predication

The construction in iIololionfrom is awkward; theidiomatic way to express this idea is iIololedfrom.The comparison is ambiguous; it could mean theBering Sea Inuits were isolated from Europeanslonger than they were isolated from Aleut andotherInuits or that they were isolated fromEuropeanslonger than Aleuts and other Inuits

were isolated from Europeans. AddlOg were afterIhon will solve this problem.

A In iIololionfrom IS not the correct idiom. Thecomparison is ambiguous.

B The comparison is ambiguous.C In iIololionfrom is not the correct idiom.D Correct. The idiom iIolaledfrom is correctly

used in this sentence. The comparison isclear and unambiguous.

E In isolalion .. . wilhoul is incorrect andconfusing. The comparison is ambiguous.

The correct answer is D.

104. Although Ihe firsl pulsar. Qr rapidly sPinning cQllapsedstar, IQ be sighled was in the summer Qf 1967 bygraduate student JQcelyn Bell. It had nQt beenannQunced until February 1968.

p n lona.r Ihan

lIJlQn 10na r

- : : : : : IIelbose ofill ..... 1JIenbetlommg

sucb specialIZed areas as!JlI. . 1inI are being Increasingly

".iIICIWithEuropeans longer

..... lIIIIlona. r

. . . .

,1111_ lQ ISQlallpn frprn cpnlae I, ~ : Al.ul or InUIls of Ihe'I Al. III

Li h hould be replaced hy wch OI. Have beenmmg I an meorrect verb tense.

CcImICt. In thissentence, major and areHamlingare present-tense verbs; IlIch .. . OJ isthe preferred form for introducing examples.MJi 'fI i a past tense verb; IhoI( of ismlleCuauy and awkward. Beroming ispre(erabJe 10 luing for describing anwUOIdmgpartern of events.

ahouJd be repla ed hy wch OI. 'ho.!e ofi,U I I l I l l O ~ u r yand awkward. !foVt P"(II

an In orrect verh ten'e.MIflhW lllilJOTt'fl. an awkward pas,- : : : ~B mmg i preferahle to ImllK f{JrII an unfoldmg pattern of e\'ents.

. . _.Ulftnllb B.

!~ E a ~ ~ i

dlUIClIS

6unnmgrOWI

mOT(naent tlCn verb growI toCJIWlUIg 'lUalion. The main c1au,eeI&ctof thi growing complexity;

",,-,,"'11II11I the main clause hould also usc.. . _IIt1ImICwm.. The pteient perfect progressiveM " ' ~ " ' "_mmg I incorrect. The preferred way

InIlU1fuce ClWIIples iswith the phrase wch OJ,a l l . dian with the word lillt, which suggests a

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The COilEd lIIIl_rrill C.

B

E

D 1h

109====

E

B Correct. The use of hof influenced and I n , ~e eonel ~ form

'rlred' I Iiclarifies the senten 1h Imp 1 es andI . ceo t come udmg a,aids th nelse u ofe pronou

unnece"ary wordine n error and

C The SUU)cct and verb d'o not agr .repertory, view" and II I. ee 111subject with singular?e eb I ~ a ,(compoundand different in r: lar Influential to

. . .. comparuon to areunnecessarily wordy.

D There is incorrect subieer bJ -"er agree .

repertory, viewr, and rt I. ment 111b' ye .. . 'wor (compo d

su ~ e c twith singular verb) I V ' .unand in when eomhared t ' Or mJluenttal to

d r a are unnecessarihwar y. 7he mwic ofwhom is c b .and stilted. urn ersome

The.phrase were an inJluence on is wordl' andno t IdIOmatiC. The phrases war l .. . . amanInSpiratlOII to and was rign!ficantly diffirmtare unnecessarily wordy. The p h ~ a s eflamthat of IS unclear and confUSing,

Th e correct answer is B.

Sound can travel through water for enormousdistances, prevented from diSSipating Its acousltcenergy as a result of boundaries In the ocean createdby water layers of differenttemperatures anddensities.

(A) prevented from dlsslpatll1g ItS acousltc energas a result of

(8) prevented from havll1g ItS acoustic energ

diSSipated by(C) Its acoustic energy prevented from d sSlpaltng by

(D) ItS acoustic energy prevented from bell1gdiSSipated as a result of

(E) preventing ItS acoustic energy from d l S S l P l l ~by

logical predica tion; Rhetorical constNetIon

108,

Agreement; Rhetorical construction;Grammatical construction

'Ille original ,entence logllally intend, to explain[hat Ionroe's work influencedgenerations of,mi,[, in hIS own mu,ical field and that hein'pifl'd many musician, in other musical fields.Wh o or what influenced or inspired whom mustbe more dearly 't,lted. Additionally, the original'entence lack, preci'ion, being overlr wordr ,wdllSUlK phr",e, that ,Ire not idiomatic: Concise ,\l1dmnsi,t nt verb l,)fIllS, ,IS well as thl' usc ofuburdinat phr,lSe, r,lIher than l'!auses, il1ll'r,lVe

t h pr c i. iun 01 the Selllt'nce.

1h phr.ls w ~ il!!lu, 11tilll Oil is w,)fdl' ,lI1dI n t Idlumatl ; the usc 01 v rb l or ms ,' r(th pr dl at of 'P r/ ry. ' l o r , ,lI1d /I'l)

(th pr d. t of M I ) IIlIlnfutln

107. Bluegrass musIcian Bill Monroe,whose repertory,vIews on mUSical coliaboraltOn, and vocal style ~Influentialon generations of bluegrass artists, wasalso an Inspiration to many musiCians that IncludedEIYlsPresley and Jerry GarcIa whose musIc differedSignificantly fromhiS own.

(A) were Influentialon generations of bluegrassartists, was also an Inspiration to manymusicians, that included Elvis Presley and JerryGarcia, whose musIc differed significantlyfrom

(B) Influenced generations of bluegrass artists, alsoinspired many musicians, Including Elvis Presleyand Jerry Garcia, whose musIc differedsignificantly from

(C) was Influentialto generations of bluegrassartists, was also Inspirational to many musicians,that Included ElvisPresley and Jerry Garcta,whose music was different significantlyIncomparison to

(D) was influential to generations of bluegrassartists, also inspired many mUSICians, whoincluded Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia, themusic of whom differed significantlywhencompared to

(E) were an Influence on generations of bluegrassartists, was also an InSpiration to manymUSIcians, Including ElVISPresley and JerryGarcia, whose mUSICwas significantlydifferentfrom that of

and light. the sun IS the sourceora comnuous stream

It and light. also the sun IS theonbnuous stream

BeIIidtIS heat and light, the sun IS also the_1m!01 a continuous streamingn the source notonly of heat and light,o of a conbnuous stream

The un I the source of not onlyheat and lightbut.a well, of a continuous streaming

Idiom LogICl' predlCltlon; Rhetorical"lIltrudlon

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E

D

B

P I C 4 ~il'" .. . i l l l ' l" l rnI I l 1 / i ~ ' / , o n .1hi is a

Project ET I cannot haw been 'nih,,",,"I n ,