White paper Verifying Traffic Throughput of Point-to-Point Wireless Links Table of Contents Verifying point-to-point microwave lengths with RFC2544 testing ............... 3 Troubleshooting RFC2544 testing ..................................................................... 4 100 Mbps (copper) traffic testing vs. time for troubleshooting..................... 4 RFC2544 traffic testing for turn-up of a new link........................................... 10 RFC2544 testing with fiber interfaces ............................................................. 14 Troubleshooting with the MT9090A OTDR ..................................................... 16 Report samples .................................................................................................. 20 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 21
Transcript
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White paper
Verifying Traffic Throughput of Point-to-Point Wireless Links
Table of Contents
Verifying point-to-point microwave lengths with RFC2544 testing ...............3Troubleshooting RFC2544 testing .....................................................................4100 Mbps (copper) traffic testing vs. time for troubleshooting .....................4RFC2544 traffic testing for turn-up of a new link ...........................................10RFC2544 testing with fiber interfaces .............................................................14Troubleshooting with the MT9090A OTDR .....................................................16Report samples ..................................................................................................20Conclusion ..........................................................................................................21
2 Verifying traffic throughput of point-to-point wireless links
Overview
This white paper describes turn up and troubleshoot testing of point-to-point microwave links.
IP traffic throughput testing can provide confidence in link performance beyond the equipments’s built-in signal strength and link quality information. IP throughput testing is often done as part of service level agreements at link turn up and acceptance. Various types of traffic will traverse these new IP based links, with some being mission-critical. Running RFC2544 and/or Y.1564 tests will help verify traffic prioritization. While Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT) will test link stability.
Throughput testing can also be a powerful troubleshooting tool when link performance is in question.
Anritsu MT1000A and MT9090A Network Master™ Series testers will be used to make measurements of point-to-point wireless links. Test procedures will be described step by step.
The Anritsu MT1000A and MT9090A can support both copper and fiber interfaces to microwave link equipment. Measurements of Ethernet links up to 100 GbE can be made with the MT1000A.
The MT1000A and MT9090A generate and measure IP traffic at the first 3 layers of the OSI model, Physical, Data-link, and Network layers. Measurements include packet traffic throughput, packet latency packet loss, and packet jitter.
PCIE RAW TRANSFER LINK DATA RATE ENCODING GENERATION RATE (GT/S) (GB/S) SCHEME
PCIe 1.0a/1.1 2.5 2 8B/10B
PCIe 2.0/2.1 5 4 8B/10B
PCIe 3.0/3.1 8 8 128B/130B
PCIe 4.0 16 16 128B/130B
PCIe 5.0 32 32 128B/130B
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RFC2544
Test procedures from RFC 2544 are used to benchmark network interconnect devices and point-to-point microwave links. Typically these measurements are done at the final stage of turn up of a new link and the values are set by service level agreements between the provider, installer and end user.
Figure 1: OSI Model
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
HTTP, FTP, Email,Facebook, YouTube, etc.
RFC 2544 Y.1564 testing
RFC 6349 testing
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Troubleshooting
Wireless microwave systems are subject to many issues that can reduce performance including environmental degradation, wildlife intrusion, tree obstruction, and many others. The 2020 FCC decision to expand consumer WiFi into the 6 to 7.2 GHz range could subject the many fixed microwave links to intermittent interference.
Measuring traffic performance vs. time can help determine the source of performance degradation.
There are multiple methods available to test packet throughput. In this example, the MT1000A (traffic source) will be placed on one end of the link and the MT9090A (loopback) will be placed on the other end. For testing links between 1 Gbps to 100 Gbps, MT1000’s will need to be on both ends of the link.
This white paper will describe the two tests above on a 60 GHz point-to-point link. Tests can be performed using either copper or fiber interfaces.
100 Mbps (copper) traffic testing vs. time for troubleshooting
A Bridgewave FE60 60 GHz link will be used for the tests. The FE60 is carrier grade equipment that can provide 100 Mbps full duplex links. The FE60 operates in the 60 GHz ISM band. Users do not need an FCC license to operate the links.
Figure 2: Global Regulatory standards.
Loopback Message
Loopback ACK
Test Packets (sequence# and time stamp)
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There are several test choices when you power on the MT1000A. Tabbing to the left brings up the “Mon/Gen” mode for testing traffic vs. time.
Next, the port must be chosen for traffic generation. We will start with Cat 6 copper interconnect to the Bridgewave radios and use port 1.
Port 1 should be set to auto negotiate the traffic to the MT9090A at the far end.
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Auto negotiation should be turned on for full and half duplex traffic at all rates.
Next, the MAC and IP addresses should be set using the Stream setup menus.
The “Test” button at the bottom of the display should be selected and the test interval set to 1 second to provide rapid update of the measurements. Selecting the start action as immediate combines the two buttons on the right so traffic is started as soon as the test is initiated.
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The Stream profile menu will be set to data only for this example.
Under the Stream Profile tab, we can set the line load. In this case, the Bridgewave radio is capable of 100 Mbps, the max rate of the port we have chosen in the MT1000A. Many microwave links will have bandwidths under 100 Mbps and it is important not to try to test the link well beyond its capacity. Oversubscribing the input to a microwave link may cause the link to fail and require a hard reboot on both ends. A safe setting to start testing is 50% of the stated link capacity. Here we are setting the line load to 50 Mbps.
The Stream measurements menu allows setting thresholds for frame loss, jitter, and latency.
8 Verifying traffic throughput of point-to-point wireless links
Once the all the settlings are established the tab on the right can be selected to save the setup.
The Thresholds menu allows setting thresholds for frame loss, jitter, and latency for the pass / fail display.
On the far end, the MT9090 is set to “Reflector” mode, and the interface is set to reflect the destination MAC addresses set in the MT1000A. IP addresses shouldbe swapped.
It is best to set up the MT1000A and MT9090A together with an Ethernet switch as a test device to be sure all the settings have been made correctly. Once the settings are verified the MT9090A can be moved to the far end of the microwave link. If the MT9090A is left running on battery power, an unskilled person can move the MT9090A and just connect the Ethernet cable at the far end of the link.
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Pressing the Run test on the MT1000A initiates the tests and traffic flow. The test results are initially displayed using gauges for utilization, errored frames, and bit rate.
Pressing the Statistics tab brings up tables of results and pressing on each result cell gives a display vs. time in 1 second intervals. The time axis is shown in clock time to help investigate events. This would be the best display to monitor a link for tree limb blockage on windy days.
If a path blockage is created (carbon fiber plate in the path) the reduction in throughput can be seen on the vs. time display.
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Troubleshooting continued
RFC2544 traffic testing for turn-up of a new link
RFC2544 tests the link with a variety of frame rates and sizes then stops and provides a summary of the throughput, frame loss, and latency for the link. The values of frame rate, frame size and the length of the test is set by the service level agreement. TCP/IP frame type is specified by RFC2544. For lab testing of links the test is often run for 60 minutes or more but is typically shortened for field testing.
We will provide an example RFC2544 test on the Bridgewave FE60 60 GHz link using Cat 6 copper interconnect to the Bridgewave radios and using the MT9090A at the far end. The reflector setup in the MT9090A is the same as for the first example above.
We will select port one and accept the display with port 1 highlighted.
Again we will start with the power on the menu but will choose the RFC2544 button.
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We will select single ended network test as port 1 will be generating traffic and measuring traffic reflected back by the MT9090A.
Select Throughput, Latency, and Frame Loss in the Test Selection Menu, Control tab.
Move to the Throughput test parameters tab and select the frame sizes, number of steps, and the step size. In this example we will run a brief RFC2544 test. These settings would normally be chosen from the Service Level Agreement for the system.
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Set similar values in the Frame Loss settings tab.
Set the Latency settings.
In the Streams tab set the destination MAC and IP addresses.
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Pressing the Run Test button takes the link through the full sequence of tests.
A table of results can be seen by pressing each tab, Throughput, Frame Loss, and Latency.
14 Verifying traffic throughput of point-to-point wireless links
Troubleshooting continued
RFC2544 testing with fiber interfaces
The Bridgewave FE60 has 1000Base-SX with LC connectors. We will equip the MT1000A and MT9090A with appropriate interfaces and cables.
We will select fiber port one and accept the display with port 1 highlighted.
Again we will start with the power on menu but will choose the RFC2544 button.
Select the SFP port.
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The MT1000A shows the SFP interface to match the Bridgewave FE60.
We will select single ended network test as port 1, will be generating traffic and measuring traffic reflected back by the MT9090A.
16 Verifying traffic throughput of point-to-point wireless links
Troubleshooting continued
On the MT9090A
Install the SFP and fiber connections.
Set the MAC addresses and select reflector mode and press the Start button.
Again we will start with the power on menu but will choose the RFC2544 button.
Select Throughput, Latency, and Frame Loss in the Test Selection Menu, Control tab.
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Move to the Throughput test parameters tab and select the frame sizes, number of steps, and the step size. It this example we will run a brief RFC2544 test. These settings would be chosen from the Service Level Agreement for the system.
Set similar values in the Frame Loss settings tab.
Set the Latency settings.
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In the Streams tab set the destination MAC and IP addresses.
Pressing the Run Test button takes the link through the full sequence of tests.
Here is the latency summary display for this test.
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A PDF report of the tests can be prepared by opening the tab on the right of the screen.
Select the report button.
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Here are a few pages from the report for the Bridgewave FE60.
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Conclusion
IP traffic throughput testing can provide confidence in link performance beyond the equipment, built-in signal strength and link quality information.
Throughput testing can also be a powerful troubleshooting tool when link performance is in question.Anritsu MT1000A and MT9090A Network Master Series testers offer the capability to test links from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps with support for both copper or fiber connections. The MT1000A is a modular instrument that can be expanded well beyond the Ethernet testing discussed in this white paper.
Capabilities include:
- Optical Channel Analyzer - specialized tool for the installation and maintenance of CWDM networks
- Automated Ethernet Tester - a compact, full-featured tool for installation and optimization of 10/100/1000MB Ethernet networks
- PRI RF Measurement Module to display LTE spectrum of CPRI uplink and downlink signals
- BBU Emulation
- Micro OTDR (μOTDR) – a full-featured OTDR for the installation and maintenance of optical networks in a pocket-sized package
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