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V  E  R  P  I X E L N

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Google launched its Street View feature in theUnited States in 2007 to complement its GoogleMaps service by providing users with panoram-ic, street-level photographs. Street View pho-tographs are captured by cameras mounted onvehicles owned by Google that drive on publicroads and photograph their surroundings. Be-tween 2007 and 2010, Google also equipped itsStreet View cars with Wi-Fi antennas and soft-ware that collected data transmitted by Wi- Finetworks in nearby homes and businesses. Theequipment attached to Google’s Street View carsrecorded basic information about these Wi-Fi net-works, including the network’s name (SSID), the

unique number assigned to the router transmit-ting the wireless signal (MAC address), the sig-nal strength, and whether the network was en-crypted. Gathering this basic data about the Wi-Finetworks used in homes and businesses enablescompanies such as Google to provide enhanc-Ted “location-based” services, such as those thatallow mobile phone users to nd nearby restau-rants and attractions or receive driving directions.

But the antennas and software installed inGoogle’s Street View cars collected more than

 just the basic identifying information transmit-

ted by Wi-Fi networks. They also gathered andstored “payload data” that was sent and receivedover unencrypted Wi-Fi connections at the mo-ment that a Street View car was driving by.1Payload data includes everything transmitted bya device connected to a Wi-Fi network, such aspersonal emails, usernames, passwords, videos,and documents.

Google acknowledged in May 2010 that its StreetView vehicles had been collecting fragments ofpayload data from unencrypted Wi-Fi networks.The company publicly apologized, grounded its

vehicles, and rendered inaccessible the person-al data that had been acquired… but plaintiffsbrought suit under federal and state law, includingthe Wiretap Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2511. Google arguesthat its data collection did not violate the Act be-cause data transmitted over a Wi-Fi network is an“electronic communication” that is “readily acces-sible to the general public” and exempt under the

 Act. 18 U.S.C. § 2511(2)(g)(i). The district court

GOOGLE STREET VIEW  Felix Kalmenson

rejected Google’s argument. In re Google Inc. St.View Elec. Commc’n Litig., 794 F. Supp. 2d 1067,1073–84 (N.D. Cal. 2011)… In total, Google’sStreet View cars collected about 600 gigabytesof data transmitted over Wi-Fi networks in morethan 30 countries.

-Joffe V. Google, Inc. 11-17483. United StateCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. 2013.

In an April 2009 interview for the German maga-zine Focus, Google’s Global Privacy CounselPeter Fleischer remarked that “public oppositionto Google Street View in Germany, though not

hysterical, had been tougher than in any othercountry.”1  On the same occasion he stated thatthe project has now been “essentially aligned withthe concerns of data privacy advocates,” and that“specic privacy tools would be developed for theGerman launch while imaging continues at thefastest possible pace.” The option to have spe-cic images removed would also apply for loca-tions in Germany.

 As of October 2010, 244,237 German householdshave opted out Street View.2  Google compliedby blurring the façades on the corresponding

Street View images. This procedure is mislead-ingly called ‘pixelating’ in Germany (German:‘Verpixeln’).3 

-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Street_ View_privacy_concerns

1. Focus No. 18/2009, p. 20 (April 28, 2009)

2. David Gordon Smith – with wire reports (Oc-tober 21, 2010). “Germans Unfazed by Google

Street View”. Der Spiegel. Retrieved February

15, 2011.

3. mbw – with wire reports (September 20,

2010). “More than 100,000 Germans Ask Google

to Blur their Homes”. Der Spiegel. Retrieved

February 15, 2011.

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THE FOLLOWING ARE BLURRED FACADES IN BERLIN

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