z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and AdministrationCP Planning and
Administration
IBM
SC24-6271-04
Note:
Before you use this information and the product it supports, read
the information in “Notices” on page 829.
This edition applies to version 7, release 1, modification 0 of
IBM® z/VM (product number 5741-A09) and to all subsequent releases
and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions.
Last updated: 2019-12-05 © Copyright International Business
Machines Corporation 1991, 2020. US Government Users Restricted
Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP
Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
Contents
Summary of Changes for z/VM CP Planning and
Administration..........................xxix SC24-6271-04, z/VM
Version 7 Release 1 (January
2020)...................................................................xxix
SC24-6271-03, z/VM Version 7 Release 1 (September
2019)..............................................................xxix
SC24-6271-02, z/VM Version 7 Release 1 (June
2019).........................................................................xxx
SC24-6271-01, z/VM Version 7 Release 1 (April
2019).........................................................................
xxx SC24-6271-00, z/VM Version 7 Release
1.............................................................................................
xxxi SC24-6178-14, z/VM Version 6 Release 4 (March
2018).....................................................................xxxii
SC24-6178-13, z/VM Version 6 Release 4 (December
2017)..............................................................
xxxii
Encrypted
Paging...............................................................................................................................xxxii
VSwitch Link Aggregation Load Balancing
Enhancements..............................................................
xxxii High PR/SM LPAR Management Time
Relief....................................................................................xxxiii
Chapter 2. Configuring Your
System.........................................................................................................
15 Specifying System Configuration
Information.....................................................................................15
Using Configuration
Files.....................................................................................................................
15 What You Can Specify in the System Configuration
File.....................................................................
16
Chapter 3. Understanding the CP File
System..........................................................................................21
Initial State of the CP File
System.......................................................................................................
21 Changing the List of Disks Accessed by
CP.........................................................................................
22 Performance
Considerations...............................................................................................................
23 Displaying the Contents of CP-Accessed
Minidisks............................................................................
23 Changing Information on CP-Accessed
Minidisks..............................................................................
24
Specifying a New Accounting Virtual
Machine.............................................................................336
Starting Manual Retrieval of Accounting
Records.......................................................................
336 Disassociating a User ID from the Retrieval of Accounting
Records.......................................... 337 Accounting
Record
Formats.........................................................................................................
337 Adding Your Own Accounting Records and Source
Code............................................................355
Setting Up Virtual Machines for Error
Recording..............................................................................
360 Setting Up Virtual Machines to Collect EREP
Records......................................................................360
Specifying a New EREP Virtual
Machine......................................................................................
361 Starting EREP Record Retrieval
Manually....................................................................................361
Disassociating a User ID from the Retrieval of EREP
Records....................................................362
Processing EREP Records Collected by the EREP Virtual
Machine.............................................362
Setting Up Virtual Machines for Symptom Record
Recording..........................................................
364 Setting Up Virtual Machines to Collect Symptom
Records...............................................................365
Specifying a New Symptom Record Recording Virtual
Machine................................................. 365
Starting Manual Retrieval of Symptom
Records..........................................................................365
Disassociating a User ID from the Retrieval of Symptom
Records.............................................366
Setting Up a Virtual Machine for Communication Controller Support
for Emulator Program (EP)..367 PVM
Example................................................................................................................................
368
Setting Up Service Pool Virtual
Machines..........................................................................................370
Setting Up Virtual Machines for Data Storage
Management.............................................................370
Chapter 9. Planning for SNA Console Communication Services
(SNA/CCS)..........................................373 Structure of
the SNA
Environment....................................................................................................
373 Establishing the SNA/CCS Terminal
Environment............................................................................
373
Image
Libraries..................................................................................................................................
420 Default Image Library
Names......................................................................................................
420 Installing the Image Library That IBM
Provides..........................................................................421
Installing Your Own Image
Library..............................................................................................
421 Modifying Image
Libraries............................................................................................................421
Displaying Information about Image
Libraries............................................................................
422 Purging Image
Libraries...............................................................................................................
423 Keeping Backup Copies of Image
Libraries.................................................................................
423
Chapter 17. Using PCIe Functions for z/VM
Guests...............................................................................
445 PCI Industry
Standards......................................................................................................................445
z/VM
Support......................................................................................................................................445
Steps to Using a PCIe Function on
VM..............................................................................................
445 PCIe Functions Defined in
IOCP........................................................................................................
446 Dynamic I/O and PCI
Functions.........................................................................................................446
Protecting VM from Excessive Memory
Use......................................................................................447
Recovering from Permanent Errors on PCIe
Function......................................................................
447 PCIe Debugging
Aids..........................................................................................................................447
Chapter 19. Redefining Command Privilege
Classes.............................................................................
453 IBM-Defined Privilege
Classes..........................................................................................................
453 Planning a New User Class
Structure................................................................................................
454
Defining Privilege Classes for a Virtual
Machine..........................................................................460
How Users Can Find Which Commands They Can
Enter.............................................................
461
Chapter 20. Creating and Updating a User
Directory.............................................................................
463 Overview of the User
Directory..........................................................................................................463
Source Directory
Types................................................................................................................
464 Source Directory File
Formats......................................................................................................465
How CP Brings the User Directory
Online....................................................................................
466 Directory Statement
Categories...................................................................................................466
Summary of Directory
Statements...............................................................................................469
Chapter 21. Host Storage Planning and
Administration.........................................................................625
Real Storage
Management.................................................................................................................625
Storage Requirements for Generating a CP
Module.........................................................................
626 Host Logical
Storage..........................................................................................................................
626 Virtual Machine
Considerations.........................................................................................................627
Chapter 23. Allocating DASD
Space........................................................................................................633
Direct Access Storage
Requirements................................................................................................
633
Chapter 24. How the CP-Owned List Is
Processed................................................................................
649 Processing for a Member of an SSI
Cluster.......................................................................................649
Processing for a System That Is Not a Member of an SSI
Cluster....................................................650
Processing for a System IPLed in REPAIR
Mode...............................................................................651
Chapter 25. DASD
Sharing.......................................................................................................................653
Sharing DASD among Multiple Virtual Machines by Using Virtual
Reserve/Release....................... 653
When to Use Virtual
Reserve/Release.........................................................................................
655 Sharing DASD without Using Virtual
Reserve/Release.....................................................................
656 Sharing DASD Using the CMS Shared File
System............................................................................
656 Sharing DASD between One Virtual Machine and Other Systems
Using Real Reserve/Release.....656
When to Use Real
Reserve/Release.............................................................................................657
Sharing DASD among Multiple Virtual Machines and Other Systems
Using Concurrent Virtual
and Real
Reserve/Release............................................................................................................658
When to Use Concurrent Virtual and Real
Reserve/Release.......................................................659
Persistent
Relationship?..........................................................................................................677
Instant Point-in-Time Backups
(disk-to-disk).............................................................................677
Instant Point-in-Time Backups
(disk-to-tape)............................................................................
678 Test Data
Replication...................................................................................................................
678 Multiple LPAR FlashCopy
Considerations....................................................................................
678 CP-Owned Areas and
FlashCopy.................................................................................................
679
Chapter 28. Setting Up z/VM Single System Image
Clusters.................................................................695
z/VM SSI
Environment.......................................................................................................................
695
Multisystem
Installation...............................................................................................................696
xii
Copy Input (Reader) Spool
Files..................................................................................................
729 Copy Output (Print and Punch) Spool
Files..................................................................................730
Extended CP Spooling
Commands...............................................................................................730
Spool File ID Assignment and
Limits...........................................................................................
731 Access to Spool
Files....................................................................................................................731
Spool Files for Multiconfiguration Virtual
Machines....................................................................731
xiii
Chapter 33. Decommissioning a Member of a z/VM SSI
Cluster...........................................................
783 Before You Begin the Decommissioning
Procedure.........................................................................
783 Task 1: Log on to the Member Being
Decommissioned....................................................................784
Task 2: Update the DirMaint Configuration (If
Required).................................................................
784 Task 3: Move the Workload to Other
Members.................................................................................785
Task 4: Purge the Decommissioned Member's Spool
Files..............................................................786
Task 5: Update the Profile for the System Startup Virtual
Machine................................................. 786 Task
6: Shut Down the Decommissioned Member and Log on to Another
Member....................... 786 Task 7: Remove the Member from
the Member
List.........................................................................786
Task 8: Update the System Configuration
File..................................................................................787
Task 9: Deactivate the ISFC Links to the Decommissioned
Member...............................................793 Task 10:
Free the Decommissioned Member's DASD
Volumes....................................................... 793
Task 11: Update the User
Directory..................................................................................................
794 Task 12: Update the VMSES/E System-Level Product Inventory
Table...........................................796 Task 13: Update
the TCP/IP
Configuration.......................................................................................
797 Task 14: Update the Configuration Files for Other Service
Virtual Machines.................................. 797
Chapter 34. Moving a Second-Level z/VM SSI Cluster to
First-Level.................................................... 799
Assumptions for Using This
Procedure.............................................................................................
799 Task 1: Update the System Configuration
File..................................................................................799
Task 2: Shut Down the Second-Level SSI Cluster and IPL the Members
First-Level...................... 801 Task 3: Update the z/VM
System Where the SSI Cluster Was Installed
Second-Level...................802
Chapter 35. Combining Two Non-SSI z/VM Systems to Create a z/VM SSI
Cluster............................. 805 Requirements and
Preparations........................................................................................................805
Task 1: Convert System A to Member
1............................................................................................
806 Task 2: Install Program Products and Vendor Products on Member
1............................................ 806
xiv
Chapter 36. Converting a CSE Complex to a z/VM SSI
Cluster..............................................................
811 A Possible Conversion
Approach.......................................................................................................811
Appendix A. Sample Utility
Programs.................................................................
813
DRAWLOGO..............................................................................................................................................814
2. Module HCPACU
Overview........................................................................................................................357
7. Sample PROFILE EXEC for EP0F7 User
ID...............................................................................................368
8. Sample PVM Configuration
File................................................................................................................
369
15. Example of a mapping of logical CPUs to real
CPUs..............................................................................433
16. Virtual Machine Definition Example Using USER and CLASS
Statements.............................................461
17. Example single-configuration and multiconfiguration virtual
machines.............................................. 464
18. Virtual
Reserve/Release.........................................................................................................................
655
21. 3390 Cached
DASD.................................................................................................................................662
xvii
26. Example: DASD Logical Subsystems and
Pools.....................................................................................671
27. A HyperPAV Minidisk Configuration for Exploiting Guests: An
Example...............................................674
28. Example: HyperPAV Minidisk Configuration for Non-Exploiting
Guests............................................... 675
29. Required Elements for SCSI FCP
definition...........................................................................................
682
37. Organization of DASD Volumes and Minidisks in an SSI
Cluster...........................................................698
38. Applying Service to the Members of an SSI
Cluster..............................................................................
699
39. Example of SYSTEM_IDENTIFIER Configuration Statements for an
SSI Cluster.................................700
40. Example of the SSI Configuration
Statement........................................................................................
700
42. Example of a Multiconfiguration Virtual Machine
Definition.................................................................
703
43. Fully Connected ISFC
Topology.............................................................................................................
711
45. One Logical Link Composed of Multiple CTC
Devices............................................................................712
46. Example of Symmetric Performance with FICON Channel Paths of
Differing Speeds......................... 714
47. Example of an SSI Cluster within a Larger ISFC
Collection...................................................................715
48. Example of Cross-System Spooling in an SSI Cluster, Part
1................................................................727
xviii
49. Example of Cross-System Spooling in an SSI Cluster, Part
2................................................................728
50. Example of Cross-System Spooling in an SSI Cluster, Part
3................................................................728
51. Example of Relocation Domains and Guest Virtual Architecture
Levels in an SSI Cluster.................. 736
52. The Format of a CKD-Formatted CSE
Area............................................................................................
824
53. Sample Map Records for Four Systems in a CKD-Formatted CSE
Area................................................825
54. Format of an ECKD-Formatted CSE
Area...............................................................................................
826
55. Sample Link Records for Four Systems in Track 2 of an
ECKD-Formatted CSE Area...........................827
xix
xx
Tables
4. Configuration Guide for
Printers.................................................................................................................
29
9. vidset
Ranges............................................................................................................................................
198
12. Map Record Defaults for Each DASD
Type.............................................................................................308
13. Map Record Defaults for Each Device
Type...........................................................................................
317
15. Colors for the CHOOSE_LOGO and ONLINE_MESSAGE
Files...............................................................
323
16. Input Area
Fields....................................................................................................................................
323
19. A Sample Scenario: Different System Users and Their
Responsibilities...............................................454
20. Example of How to Assign Commands, Diagnose Codes, and System
Functions to Types of Users...455
21. Example of How to Associate Privilege Classes with Commands and
Users....................................... 456
22. Directory Types and System
Environments...........................................................................................
465
31. Maximum Input Values for Storage
Units..............................................................................................
602
32. Maximum Input Values for Storage
Units..............................................................................................
612
35. Minimum Space Required for the CP
Module........................................................................................
636
36. Amount of Dump Space for One Dump Based on Real Storage and
Type of DASD..............................641
37. CP-Owned Volume Allocations and Areas Brought Online for a
Member of an SSI Cluster................ 650
38. CP-Owned Volume Allocations and Areas Brought Online for a
System That Is Not a Member of an SSI
Cluster...........................................................................................................................................651
39. CP-Owned Volume Allocations and Areas Brought Online for an SSI
Cluster Member IPLed in REPAIR
Mode...........................................................................................................................................
651
40. CP-Owned Volume Allocations and Areas Brought Online for a
Non-SSI System IPLed in REPAIR
Mode.........................................................................................................................................................651
41. Reserve/Release
Summary....................................................................................................................
660
43. Creating an SSI Cluster and Adding or Removing
Members.................................................................
715
44. Diagnosing and Resolving Problems in an SSI
Cluster..........................................................................
719
45. Examples of Statements in a System Configuration File for an
SSI Cluster......................................... 722
46. Full-Pack Minidisks Defined for the Installation
Volumes.....................................................................752
47. Defaults for the CSE
Area.......................................................................................................................
828
About This Document
This document tells you how to plan and administer the IBM z/VM®
Control Program (CP). It describes the following tasks:
• System configuration planning and administration • User planning
and administration • Storage planning and administration
Note: For information about planning your hardware and software I/O
configuration, see z/VM: I/O Configuration. For information about
planning and using saved segments, see z/VM: Saved Segments
Planning and Administration.
Planning and administration are tasks that overlap. Before you
install z/VM, you need to plan:
• What the processor and device configuration will be • What z/VM
functions the system will use • Which guest operating systems will
be used • How much storage will be required • What sort of user
environments will be available.
During system generation, you will set the proper parameters in the
system to implement your plan. Later, after the system is running,
you will want to change some of these parameters as conditions
change; for example, when new users are allowed access to the
system and new devices are brought online. You will also want to
monitor the performance of the system and perhaps change tuning
parameters to make it run more efficiently.
A good example of the overlap between planning and administration
is the user directory. The user directory is a file that identifies
each user on the system and contains directory statements that
define the environment each user works under. Initially, you will
set up this directory for the known users of the system. Later, as
new users are given access to the system and others are removed,
you will have to update the directory.
Some information provided here is based on the experiences of IBM
customers. The recommendations in this document are meant to help
installations run operating systems efficiently under z/VM.
Intended Audience This document is for anyone responsible for
planning, installing, and updating a z/VM system.
The reader is expected to have a general understanding of data
processing and teleprocessing techniques. This document assumes you
have thought about:
• What z/VM functions your site requires. • What connections you
need to other sites and the implications for coordination. • What
your hardware and physical requirements are and the implications
for coordination. • Which guest operating systems you will be
running. • How many users you are going to have and under what sort
of environment they will be running their
applications.
Syntax, Message, and Response Conventions The following topics
provide information on the conventions used in syntax diagrams and
in examples of messages and responses.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1991, 2020 xxiii
How to Read Syntax Diagrams
Special diagrams (often called railroad tracks) are used to show
the syntax of external interfaces.
To read a syntax diagram, follow the path of the line. Read from
left to right and top to bottom.
• The symbol indicates the beginning of the syntax diagram. • The
symbol, at the end of a line, indicates that the syntax diagram is
continued on the next line. • The symbol, at the beginning of a
line, indicates that the syntax diagram is continued from the
previous line. • The symbol indicates the end of the syntax
diagram.
Within the syntax diagram, items on the line are required, items
below the line are optional, and items above the line are defaults.
See the examples in Table 1 on page xxiv.
Table 1. Examples of Syntax Diagram Conventions
Syntax Diagram Convention Example
Keywords and Constants
A keyword or constant appears in uppercase letters. In this
example, you must specify the item KEYWORD as shown.
In most cases, you can specify a keyword or constant in uppercase
letters, lowercase letters, or any combination. However, some
applications may have additional conventions for using
all-uppercase or all-lowercase.
KEYWORD
Abbreviations
Uppercase letters denote the shortest acceptable abbreviation of an
item, and lowercase letters denote the part that can be omitted. If
an item appears entirely in uppercase letters, it cannot be
abbreviated.
In this example, you can specify KEYWO, KEYWOR, or KEYWORD.
KEYWOrd
Symbols
You must specify these symbols exactly as they appear in the syntax
diagram.
* Asterisk
: Colon
, Comma
Syntax Diagram Convention Example
A variable appears in highlighted lowercase, usually italics.
In this example, var_name represents a variable that you must
specify following KEYWORD.
KEYWOrd var_name
Repetitions
An arrow returning to the left means that the item can be
repeated.
A character within the arrow means that you must separate each
repetition of the item with that character.
A number (1) by the arrow references a syntax note at the bottom of
the diagram. The syntax note tells you how many times the item can
be repeated.
Syntax notes may also be used to explain other special aspects of
the syntax.
repeat
Required Item or Choice
When an item is on the line, it is required. In this example, you
must specify A.
When two or more items are in a stack and one of them is on the
line, you must specify one item. In this example, you must choose
A, B, or C.
A
A
B
C
Optional Item or Choice
When an item is below the line, it is optional. In this example,
you can choose A or nothing at all.
When two or more items are in a stack below the line, all of them
are optional. In this example, you can choose A, B, C, or nothing
at all.
A
A
B
C
Defaults
When an item is above the line, it is the default. The system will
use the default unless you override it. You can override the
default by specifying an option from the stack below the
line.
In this example, A is the default. You can override A by choosing B
or C.
A
B
C
Repeatable Choice
A stack of items followed by an arrow returning to the left means
that you can select more than one item or, in some cases, repeat a
single item.
In this example, you can choose any combination of A, B, or
C.
A
B
C
Syntax Diagram Convention Example
Syntax Fragment
Some diagrams, because of their length, must fragment the syntax.
The fragment name appears between vertical bars in the diagram. The
expanded fragment appears in the diagram after a heading with the
same fragment name.
In this example, the fragment is named "A Fragment."
A Fragment
Examples of Messages and Responses
Although most examples of messages and responses are shown exactly
as they would appear, some content might depend on the specific
situation. The following notation is used to show variable,
optional, or alternative content:
xxx Highlighted text (usually italics) indicates a variable that
represents the data that will be displayed.
[ ] Brackets enclose optional text that might be displayed.
{ } Braces enclose alternative versions of text, one of which will
be displayed.
| The vertical bar separates items within brackets or braces.
… The ellipsis indicates that the preceding item might be repeated.
A vertical ellipsis indicates that the preceding line, or a
variation of that line, might be repeated.
Where to Find More Information For more information about z/VM
functions, see the books listed in the “Bibliography” on page
833.
If you plan to deploy Linux on z/VM, read z/VM: Getting Started
with Linux on IBM Z for important planning information about Linux
virtual servers.
Links to Other Documents and Websites The PDF version of this
document contains links to other documents and websites. A link
from this document to another document works only when both
documents are in the same directory or database, and a link to a
website works only if you have access to the Internet. A document
link is to a specific edition. If a new edition of a linked
document has been published since the publication of this document,
the linked document might not be the latest edition.
xxvi z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and Administration
How to Send Your Comments to IBM
We appreciate your input on this publication. Feel free to comment
on the clarity, accuracy, and completeness of the information or
give us any other feedback that you might have.
To send us your comments, go to z/VM Reader's Comment Form
(www.ibm.com/systems/ campaignmail/z/zvm/zvm-comments) and complete
the form.
If You Have a Technical Problem
Do not use the feedback method. Instead, do one of the
following:
• Contact your IBM service representative. • Contact IBM technical
support. • See IBM: z/VM Support Resources
(www.ibm.com/vm/service). • Go to IBM Support Portal
(www.ibm.com/support/entry/portal/Overview).
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1991, 2020 xxvii
Summary of Changes for z/VM CP Planning and Administration
This information includes terminology, maintenance, and editorial
changes. Technical changes or additions to the text and
illustrations for the current edition are indicated by a vertical
line to the left of the change.
SC24-6271-04, z/VM Version 7 Release 1 (January 2020) This edition
includes changes to support product changes provided or announced
after the general availability of z/VM V7.1.
Improved information about defining crypto resources to z/VM
guests
A new chapter has been added to provide improved information about
how to define crypto resources to z/VM guests. See Chapter 5,
“Crypto Planning and Management,” on page 33, for more
information.
Crypto terminology in z/VM has changed to eliminate
confusion.
SC24-6271-03, z/VM Version 7 Release 1 (September 2019) This
edition includes changes to support product changes provided or
announced after the general availability of z/VM V7.1.
[VM66248] IBM z15 (z15) and LinuxONE III Server Compatibility
With the PTF for APAR VM66248, z/VM's IBM z15™ (z15) and LinuxONE
III Server Compatibility support includes the addition of a new AP
type for Crypto Express7S (CEX7S) adapters.
The following system configuration statement has been
updated:
• “CRYPTO APVIRTUAL Statement” on page 76
The following directory statements have been updated:
• “CRYPTO Directory Statement” on page 492 • “OPTION Directory
Statement” on page 567
[VM66266] Dynamic Crypto
With the PTF for APAR VM66266, z/VM's Crypto support will enable
dynamic changes to the cryptographic (crypto) environment on a z/VM
system.
The Dynamic Crypto support allows the addition or removal of Crypto
Express adapters, as well as maintenance and repair of these
adapters, to be less disruptive to the system and virtual machines
running on the system. It will also allow the flexibility to change
crypto resources between dedicated and shared use.
The following system configuration statement has been
updated:
• “CRYPTO APVIRTUAL Statement” on page 76
The following directory statement has been updated:
• “CRYPTO Directory Statement” on page 492
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1991, 2020 xxix
[VM66283] System Recovery Boost
With the PTF for VM66283, the System Recovery Boost feature on the
IBM z15 (z15) server allows z/VM to boost general purpose
processors, running as subcapacity, to full capacity for up to 60
minutes during z/VM system initialization and workload bring-up,
and for up to 30 minutes during workload quiesce, system shutdown,
and system abend processing. This support primarily benefits the
z/VSE and z/TPF guest environments.
The following system configuration statement has been
updated:
• “FEATURES Statement” on page 148
SC24-6271-02, z/VM Version 7 Release 1 (June 2019) This edition
includes changes to support product changes provided or announced
after the general availability of z/VM V7.1.
[VM66263] Enhanced Extended Address Volume (EAV) Paging Space
Support
With the PTF for APAR VM66263, enhanced Extended Address Volume
(EAV) paging space support for 3390-A DASD devices supporting
28-bit cylinder addresses is provided. This support allows paging
space to be allocated anywhere on the volume, including beyond the
restriction of the first 65520 cylinders (0-65519), and up to the
limit of currently supported volumes with 1182006 cylinders
(0-1182005).
[VM66265] Support for 80 Logical Processors
With the PTF for APAR VM66265, z/VM V7.1 provides support for 80
logical processors to accommodate workload growth demands. This PTF
increases the supported limit to 40 cores when simultaneous
multithreading (SMT) support is enabled, or 80 cores when SMT is
disabled.
The following configuration statement has been updated:
• MULTITHREADING
SC24-6271-01, z/VM Version 7 Release 1 (April 2019) This edition
includes changes to support product changes provided or announced
after the general availability of z/VM V7.1.
[VM66219] Virtual Switch Priority Queuing Enhancement
With the PTF for APAR VM66219, z/VM support is enhanced to improve
data transmission from a virtual NIC to a physical network via the
virtual switch uplink port. Internal virtual switch data
transmission is changed from a first-in, first-out (FIFO) order to
a four-level priority queuing scheme. By default, the virtual
switch distinguishes between virtual switch and virtual NIC
transmissions to the physical network. Virtual switch transmissions
required to manage an uplink port or virtual NIC are sent to the
physical network ahead of any virtual NIC transmissions. This
insures that virtual switch management is always maintained during
high bandwidth uplink port usage.
Virtual switch support is added to exploit the OSA-Express
feature’s priority queuing capabilities. By turning on Virtual
Switch Priority Queuing, instead of activating a single QDIO output
queue on the uplink port, the z/VM virtual switch will establish
four QDIO output queues for outbound data transmissions. The four
QDIO output queues provide four independent interfaces to the
OSA-Express feature, one for each priority. The highest priority
queue (Queue 0) is used by the z/VM virtual switch to provide
switch management communications and the other three priorities
(Queues 1-3) may be configured by a system administrator to
prioritize outbound transmissions to the physical network for
virtual NICs connected to the virtual switch.
The following directory statement has been updated:
xxx z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and Administration
• NICDEF
• DEFINE VSWITCH • MODIFY VSWITCH • VMLAN
SC24-6271-00, z/VM Version 7 Release 1 This edition includes
changes to support the general availability of z/VM V7.1.
Architecture Level Set
z/VM V7.1 requires a new architecture level set (ALS) and supports
only IBM zEnterprise EC12 (zEC12) and IBM zEnterprise BC12 (zBC12)
and later servers.
Improvements to the z/VM Dump Process
Dump processing has been enhanced to reduce the time and space
required to create, process, and transmit hard abend and snap
dumps. The two largest dump components, the CP frame table and user
PGMBKs, have been omitted for the majority of abends but can be
included if requested by the SET DUMP or SNAPDUMP command.
Excluding these components results in dumps that are considerably
smaller, thus requiring less space in both the system SPOOL and CMS
file system. Also, support to write hard abend and snap dumps to
tape has been removed.
Foundational Support for Dynamic Memory Downgrade
Foundational support is provided for a future z/VM deliverable to
increase flexibility in managing z/VM configurations by enabling
real storage to be removed from a z/VM LPAR without requiring an
outage. This support will complement existing functionality to add
real storage to an active z/VM system.
Foundational Support for More Than 64 Logical Processors
Foundational support is provided for a follow-on V7.1 deliverable
that will increase the number of supported logical processors
beyond the current limit of 64. This will allow clients to run a
z/VM LPAR with more than 64 cores in an SMT1 environment or more
than 32 cores in an SMT2 environment to accommodate workload growth
demands.
Support for dedicating processors to guests is disabled.
The following sections are updated:
• “Questions and Answers: How to Take Advantage of HiperDispatch”
on page 434 • “CPU Directory Statement” on page 490 •
“Configuration Conditions” on page 740
Integration of z/VM SSI for Continuous Operation
z/VM single system image (SSI) is included in the base of z/VM V7.1
at no additional cost. Previously, it was a priced feature of z/VM
V6, and is withdrawn. Integrating and making SSI available at no
charge is intended to help more clients reduce or shorten planned
outages of their Linux workloads as they adopt the z/VM Continuous
Delivery model for their z/VM systems.
Stand-Alone Dump to Tape Support Removed
Tape is no longer supported as a media option for stand-alone
dumps. The appendix "Stand-Alone Dump Program (Uses Tapes)" has
been removed.
Summary of Changes for z/VM CP Planning and Administration
xxxi
SC24-6178-14, z/VM Version 6 Release 4 (March 2018) This edition
includes changes to support product changes provided or announced
after the general availability of z/VM V6.4.
Enhanced Support for External Management of z/VM CPU
Resources
With the PTF for APAR VM66105, z/VM enhances the capability for
external performance management tools, such as the Hypervisor
Performance Manager for z/VM, to control access to CPU resources to
achieve workload goals.
The following directory statement has been updated:
• OPTION
z-Thin Provisioning
With the PTFs for APARs VM66098 and VM66108, z/VM support of Extent
Space Efficient (ESE) thin provisioned volumes will provide host
recognition and guest exploitation.
The following section has been updated:
• “Space-Efficient Volumes” on page 679
SC24-6178-13, z/VM Version 6 Release 4 (December 2017) This edition
includes changes to support product changes provided or announced
after the general availability of z/VM V6.4.
Encrypted Paging With the PTF for APAR VM65993, Encrypted Paging
improves z/VM system security by exploiting IBM z14 (z14) hardware
to encrypt guest page data. Ciphering occurs as data moves from
active memory onto a paging volume owned by CP (that is, ECKD,
SCSI, and native FBA devices). This makes customer data defensible
from an attack and from a breach of volumes, even in cases where a
system administrator has unintended access to those volumes.
Encryption is limited to guest pages (in primary host address
spaces and z/VM data spaces) and virtual- disk-in-storage (VDISK)
pages written by the CP paging subsystem to paging extents (or when
paging space has been exhausted, to spool extents). This includes
pages on a NSS/DCSS that has been loaded. Encrypted Paging requires
a specific level of CPACF (hardware feature 3863) be enabled for
the system.
The following configuration statement has been added:
• ENCRYPT PAGING
Also, see “Pervasive Encryption for z/VM” on page 390 and
“Pervasive Encryption for z/VM” on page 691 for additional
changes.
VSwitch Link Aggregation Load Balancing Enhancements With the PTF
for APARs VM65918, z/VM support for exclusive and Multi-VSwitch
Link Aggregation configurations is enhanced to improve load
balancing to leverage both horizontal and vertical growth in single
and cross virtual switch networking configurations.
The following statement has been updated:
• MODIFY PORT configuration statement
xxxii z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and Administration
High PR/SM LPAR Management Time Relief With the PTF for APAR
VM66063, z/VM provides support for two new processor unparking
heuristics. System administrators can now dynamically change the
heuristic that is used to unpark vertical-low logical cores. In
addition, administrators can now specify that when the LPAR's
Global Performance Data Control setting is set to ON, vertical-low
cores should always be parked.
The following configuration statement has been updated:
• SRM
The following sections have been updated:
• “The Objective of z/VM HiperDispatch” on page 431 • “Questions
and Answers: How to Take Advantage of HiperDispatch” on page
434
SC24-6178-12, z/VM Version 6 Release 4 (August 2017) This edition
includes changes to support product changes provided or announced
after the general availability of z/VM V6.4.
z/VM Support for the IBM z14 With the PTF for APAR VM65942, z/VM
V6.4 provides support that enables guests to exploit function
supported by z/VM on the IBM z14® (z14®), which includes:
• ESA/390-compatibility mode
IBM z14 does not support the full ESA/390 architectural mode.
However, z14 does provide ESA/390- compatibility mode, an
environment supporting a subset of DAT-off ESA/390 applications in
a hybrid architectural mode. z/VM provides the support necessary
for DAT-off guests to run in this new compatibility mode, which
allows guests such as CMS, GCS, and those that start in ESA/390
mode briefly before switching to z/Architecture® mode to continue
to run on z14.
• Shared and dedicated guest use of the Crypto Express6S • New I/O
support:
– Dynamic I/O support for new CHPIDs and PCIe functions – Guest
exploitation of the new RoCE Express2 (CX4) PCIe function type –
Guest SCSI Load Normal compatibility
The following configuration statement has been updated for this
support:
• CRYPTO APVIRT
The following directory statements have been updated for this
support:
• CRYPTO • MACHINE
Extended Address Volume Minidisk Support With the PTF for APAR
VM65943, for 3390-A DASD devices that support 28-bit cylinder
addresses, a non- fullpack minidisk can reside anywhere on the
volume, including beyond the 64 KB boundary (0-65519), and up to
the 1 TB limit. The following statement has been updated:
• MDISK
Summary of Changes for z/VM CP Planning and Administration
xxxiii
SC24-6178-11, z/VM Version 6 Release 4 (March 2017) This edition
includes changes to support product changes provided or announced
after the general availability of z/VM V6.4.
Using Central Storage as a Minidisk Cache Information about using
central storage as a minidisk cache, which was removed in the
previous edition, has been restored and updated. See Chapter 22,
“Minidisk Cache Planning and Administration,” on page 629.
NICDEF Security Controls With the PTFs for APARs VM65925, VM65926
and VM65931, the NICDEF user directory statement is enhanced to
provide a set of new operands referred to as Directory Network
Authorization (DNA). With DNA, a system administrator can configure
and consolidate a virtual NIC device and its network properties in
a centralized location - z/VM's User Directory.
Operational differences between PORTBASED and USERBASED VSwitches
have been eliminated with this support. A system administrator has
the option to manage a VSwitch by user, by port number or using a
combination of the two methods. While the management of USERBASED
and PORTBASED VSWITCHes is simplified, Live Guest Relocation of a
guest connected to a VSwitch still requires the destination system
to have a VSwitch with a PORTBASED or USERBASED designation
matching that of the source system.
The following statements have been updated:
• DEFINE VSWITCH configuration statement • MODIFY VSWITCH
configuration statement • VMLAN configuration statement • NICDEF
directory statement
Distributed IUCV Enhancements With the PTF for APAR VM65872, the
rules for Distributed IUCV CONNECT in a single system image (SSI)
environment are revised. This support allows IUCV CONNECT to work
in cases that were originally restricted, primarily because they
involved a multiconfiguration virtual machine (IDENTITY)
user.
This support also makes it easier for an administrator to change
the Distributed IUCV policy for an SSI cluster. Previously, the
Distributed IUCV policy within an active SSI cluster could be
changed only by shutting down all members at the same time. As this
new support is applied to each system, it will be possible for that
member to join the cluster regardless of its Distributed IUCV
configuration.
The following configuration statement has been updated:
• DISTRIBUTE IUCV
SC24-6178-10, z/VM Version 6 Release 4 This edition includes
changes to support the general availability of z/VM V6.4.
Architecture Level Set (ALS) z/VM V6.4 requires a new architecture
level set (ALS) and supports only IBM zEnterprise® 196 (z196) and
IBM zEnterprise 114 (z114) and later servers.
xxxiv z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and Administration
FlashSystem Support for FCP-Attached SCSI Disks FlashSystem support
for FCP-attached SCSI disks allows a storage administrator to use
FlashSystem storage as a z/VM system attached DASD without the need
for an intermediate SAN Volume Controller (SVC). A new attribute
(FLASH) is added to the following configuration statement:
• EDEVICE
• EDEVICE
Multiple Subchannel Set Support A new chapter has been added to
this document to provide an overview of z/VM support for multiple
subchannel sets. See Chapter 18, “Multiple Subchannel Set Support,”
on page 449.
Dynamic Simultaneous Multithreading Level Dynamic simultaneous
multithreading level enhances multithreading support by providing a
CP command to change the activated thread count per CPU type. This
allows customers to switch between multithreaded and
single-threaded environments without an IPL.
The following configuration statement has been updated for this
support:
• MULTITHREADING
Enhanced Real Memory and Guest Virtual Memory Support The maximum
amount of real storage that z/VM supports has been increased from 1
TB (terabyte) to 2 TB. Although the maximum supported virtual
memory for a single guest is still 1 TB, the total supported
virtual memory in use by guests can exceed 2 TB.
Virtual Processor Management Improvement CP's virtual processor
management has been improved so that no virtual machine stays in
the eligible list more than an instant before being added to the
dispatch list. Therefore using the QUICKDSP directory option is now
less meaningful.
HyperPAV Technology Exploitation This support exploits the DS8000®
feature to execute multiple I/O requests to an ECKD paging volume
in parallel from a single z/VM image. In HyperPAV mode, I/O
resources can be assigned on demand as needed. If the base volume
is busy, z/VM selects a free alias from a pool, binds the alias
device to the base volume, and starts the I/O. When the I/O
completes, the alias device is returned to the pool to be used for
another I/O in the same logical subsystem (LSS).
Additional efficiency is gained by using the transport-mode channel
program format available with the High Performance FICON for z
Systems (zHPF) feature of the DS8000. Transport-mode I/O requires
less overhead between the channel subsystem and the FICON® adapter
than traditional command-mode I/O. As a result of lower overhead,
transport-mode I/O operations complete faster than command-mode I/O
operations, resulting in higher I/O rates and less CPU
overhead.
The following configuration statements have been updated for this
support:
• CU • FEATURES • STORAGE AGELIST
Summary of Changes for z/VM CP Planning and Administration
xxxv
Control Program Environment Variables With this support, system
programmers and Class B virtual machines can set system-wide
environment variables. Any Class G virtual machine on the system
can query the values of these variables.
This support simplifies the control and testing of system setup. It
allows automation to adapt easily to different operating
environments or modes in a coordinated fashion across many guests.
For example, an operator can indicate at IPL time that the system
is running in a disaster recovery or test environment, triggering
changes in the devices used and the choice and sequence in which
virtual machines are activated.
The following configuration statement has been added for this
support:
• SET VARIABLE
ESA/390 Removal z/VM enhancements enable hypervisor initialization
and termination, the Stand-Alone Program Loader (SAPL), DASD Dump
Restore (DDR), and other stand-alone utilities to run entirely in
z/Architecture mode. The IBM z13® and z13s® are planned to be the
last IBM Z® servers to support running an operating system in
ESA/390 architecture mode. All future systems will support only
operating systems that run entirely in z/Architecture mode. In
addition, support has been added to z/VM to simulate a
z/Architecture-only environment, by providing a virtual machine
environment (MACHINE type Z) that is always in z/ Architecture mode
and cannot switch to ESA/390 mode.
The following directory statements have been updated:
• MACHINE • GLOBALOPTS
Expanded Storage (XSTORE) Support Removed z/VM V6.4 does not
support Expanded Storage (XSTORE) for either host or guest usage.
The XSTORE directory statement has been removed from this
publication and is supported only for compatibility. The statement
has no function. If the directory entry for a guest includes the
XSTORE statement, message HCP1401I will be issued when the guest
logs on to state that XSTORE is not supported.
zManager Support Removed The IBM z Unified Resource Manager
(zManager) is no longer supported in z/VM V6.3. The vswitch types
of IEDN and INMN have been removed from statements and
externals.
The following configuration statements have been updated for this
support:
• DEFINE VSWITCH • MODIFY VSWITCH
Part 1. Overview
2 z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and Administration
Chapter 1. Planning and Administration Overview
This topic summarizes planning and administration tasks for the
z/VM licensed program. Planning involves deciding how your system
will be organized, configured, and used. Administration involves
setting up, configuring, and modifying the system. Planning tasks
and administration tasks are discussed together because the tasks
are interrelated.
When planning for users, for example, it is useful to know how user
IDs are added after the system is installed and running. You might
then decide to define a minimal set of user IDs initially (perhaps
those needed for key personnel, service machines, and guest
operating systems), and add other user IDs later.
User IDs and many other aspects of the system configuration are
defined by statements in z/VM files. Many administration tasks
involve changing those files and then processing the files in some
way to activate the changes. This topic contains overviews of the
following files:
• System configuration file • Logo configuration file • User
directory
These files are used in the planning and administration tasks
for:
• The system • Users • Storage • Performance
Although this topic does not describe how to perform any planning
or administration tasks, it tells you where to find information
that does.
This manual covers planning and administration for the base CP
system. The complete set of manuals is listed under the "Planning
and Administration" section of the “Bibliography” on page 833.
Other manuals focus on topics such as connectivity, security, the
Shared File System (SFS), and the Group Control System.
Migration Planning If you are migrating from a previous VM release,
see z/VM: Migration Guide.
Major z/VM Files The following z/VM files are used to define and
tailor many characteristics of your installation's z/VM
system:
• The system configuration file (SYSTEM CONFIG) defines real I/O
devices in your system's I/O configuration and operating
characteristics such as the layout of the CP system residence disk,
lists of DASD volumes that CP uses, the real storage configuration,
and information CP requires to determine the correct offset from
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
For more information, see Chapter 2, “Configuring Your System,” on
page 15, Chapter 4, “Defining I/O Devices,” on page 27, and Chapter
6, “The System Configuration File,” on page 43.
• The logo configuration file (LOGO CONFIG) defines where CP can
find:
– Logos for local, logical, and VTAM-attached devices – Status area
definition – Online message and input area definition
information
Overview
– Print separator pages for printers.
For more information, see Chapter 2, “Configuring Your System,” on
page 15 and Chapter 7, “The Logo Configuration File,” on page
319.
• The user directory (USER DIRECT) defines the users of the system,
their authority to enter various commands, and the resources they
can use in the system. Each user who can log on to z/VM must have a
virtual machine definition in the z/VM user directory. (You do not
need to name your directory USER DIRECT.)
For more information, see Chapter 20, “Creating and Updating a User
Directory,” on page 463.
System Configuration Planning and Administration The following list
briefly describes system configuration planning and administration
tasks and where to find detailed information about each task:
• Define operating characteristics of your system by coding the
system configuration file. Information on the system configuration
file can be found in Chapter 2, “Configuring Your System,” on page
15 and Chapter 6, “The System Configuration File,” on page
43.
• Specify the local time to provide CP with the information it
needs to determine the correct offset from Coordinated Universal
Time (UTC). Specify the local time on the TIMEZONE_BOUNDARY and
TIMEZONE_DEFINITION statements in the system configuration file.
For more information on TIMEZONE_BOUNDARY and TIMEZONE_DEFINITION,
see “TIMEZONE_BOUNDARY Statement” on page 281 and
“TIMEZONE_DEFINITION Statement” on page 283.
• Create a system name for the processor on which you run. Code the
SYSTEM_IDENTIFIER and SYSTEM_IDENTIFIER_DEFAULT statements in the
system configuration file to create a system name for each
processor on which you run z/VM. The system name appears on printed
output separator pages and in the status area of the display
screen. For more information, see “SYSTEM_IDENTIFIER Statement” on
page 268 and “SYSTEM_IDENTIFIER_DEFAULT Statement” on page
271.
• Set up service virtual machines for accounting, error recording,
symptom record recording, communication controller support for the
emulator program, service spool support, and data storage
management. Details on setting up these virtual machines can be
found in Chapter 8, “Setting Up Service Virtual Machines,” on page
335.
To use the CMS shared file system, set up file pool service and
file pool administration virtual machines. Details on how to do
this are in z/VM: CMS File Pool Planning, Administration, and
Operation.
• Use SNA communication products to use SNA terminals as virtual
machine consoles. Systems Network Architecture/Console
Communications Services (SNA/CCS) provides a total communication
structure for transmitting information through a communications
network. For details on SNA/CCS, refer to Chapter 9, “Planning for
SNA Console Communication Services (SNA/CCS),” on page 373.
• Plan for security facilities. Facilities are available in z/VM to
help protect the system from security and integrity exposures. For
descriptions and use of these facilities, see Chapter 11, “Security
and Integrity in z/VM,” on page 383.
• Improve system availability by defining and saving multiple
copies of the CP module. For more information, see Using the
Stand-Alone Program Loader in z/VM: System Operation.
• Create the stand-alone dump utility program. Refer to Chapter 12,
“The Stand-Alone Dump Utility,” on page 401.
Additional system configuration planning and administration tasks
are required for multisystem environments. See “Planning for
Multisystem Environments” on page 11.
User Planning and Administration The following list describes user
planning and administration tasks and where to find information on
each task:
Overview
4 z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and Administration
• Plan for any changes to command privilege classes. You can extend
the privilege class structure of CP commands, DIAGNOSE codes, and
certain CP system functions from eight classes to as many as 32
classes. For detailed information on how to extend the privilege
class structure, refer to Chapter 19, “Redefining Command Privilege
Classes,” on page 453.
• Create a z/VM user directory. As mentioned under “Major z/VM
Files” on page 3, each user who can log on to z/VM must have a
virtual machine definition in the z/VM user directory. You can
create your own user directory or update the sample that z/VM
provides. See Chapter 20, “Creating and Updating a User Directory,”
on page 463 which contains detailed descriptions of the directory
statements you can code in the user directory.
• Define virtual machine modes and processor configurations. Coding
the MACHINE statement in a user or identity entry allows you to
specify:
1. The virtual machine mode (ESA, XA, XC, or Z), which indicates
the architecture the virtual machine simulates (ESA/390, ESA/XC, or
z/Architecture ).
Note: XA mode is supported for compatibility and is functionally
equivalent to ESA mode. Some CMS applications may require the
virtual machine to be in XA mode.
2. The maximum number of virtual processors the virtual machine can
define. To define virtual processors, the virtual machine user must
enter the DEFINE CPU command.
For information on the MACHINE directory statement, see “MACHINE
Directory Statement” on page 542.
As an alternative to including a MACHINE statement in each user or
identity entry, you can define the virtual machine mode and virtual
processor capabilities for a group of virtual machines by including
the MACHINE directory statement in a profile entry. See “Creating
Directory Profiles” on page 474.
If the MACHINE statement is not included in the user or identity
entry, or included in a profile, the default virtual machine mode
is XA and the maximum number of virtual processors the virtual
machine can define is determined by the number of CPU statements
included in the user or identity entry, or in a profile. If no CPU
statements are included in the user or identity entry, or a
profile, the virtual machine has no virtual multiprocessor
capabilities.
The MACHINE operand on the GLOBALOPTS directory statement allows
you to specify a global virtual machine mode for all virtual
machines that do not have a MACHINE statement in their user or
identity entry and are not included in a profile entry that
contains a MACHINE statement. For more information, see the
“GLOBALOPTS Directory Statement” on page 511.
• Determine how you want real processor resources dedicated. The
system operator can use the DEDICATE command to dedicate virtual
CPUs to real processors.
To dedicate specific virtual CPUs to real processors at logon, add
a DEDICATE operand for each CPU directory statement that is to have
automatic dedication.
For information on coding the CPU directory statement, see Chapter
20, “Creating and Updating a User Directory,” on page 463.
• Make sure that the user IDs specified in the system configuration
file have virtual machine definitions. The sample system
configuration file that is shipped on the z/VM System DDR media or
DVD defines the following user IDs (on the SYSTEM_USERIDS
statement), and the sample directories contain virtual machine
definitions for them:
– OPERATOR as the user ID for the primary system operator –
DISKACNT as the user ID for the accounting virtual machine – EREP
as the user ID for an error recording virtual machine – OPERATNS as
the user ID for a virtual machine that receives system dumps.
If you change these or other user IDs specified in the system
configuration file, make sure you change the user directory.
• Decide which users are to be enrolled in a file pool. Detailed
instructions on enrolling users in a file pool can be found in
z/VM: CMS File Pool Planning, Administration, and Operation.
Overview
Chapter 1. Planning and Administration Overview 5
• Create a PROFILE EXEC for the system bring-up virtual machine.
The system bring-up machine (which, by default, has a user ID of
AUTOLOG1) provides an optional way to automatically log on virtual
machines during system initialization. As part of system
initialization, CP automatically logs on AUTOLOG1. AUTOLOG1, in
turn, can automatically log on other virtual machines, assuming
that:
– A PROFILE EXEC for AUTOLOG1 issues the XAUTOLOG command for each
virtual machine AUTOLOG1 is to log on. (The XAUTOLOG command is
asynchronous.) The system, however, automatically logs on the error
recording, accounting, and symptom record recording virtual
machines without receiving a command from AUTOLOG1's PROFILE EXEC.
For information on creating CMS PROFILE EXEC files, see z/VM: CMS
User's Guide. For information on the XAUTOLOG command, see z/VM: CP
Commands and Utilities Reference. For information on the XAUTOLOG
directory statement, see “XAUTOLOG Directory Statement” on page
617.
• Determine which operating system will be in each virtual machine.
z/VM: Running Guest Operating Systems contains information on
various operating systems as guests running in virtual
machines.
• Decide what the default POSIX authorizations should be. The
USER_DEFAULTS system configuration file statement determines what
the defaults will be for querying other users' POSIX database
information and having their POSIX security values changed. For
more information, see “USER_DEFAULTS Statement” on page 292.
Real and Virtual Storage Planning and Administration The following
list describes real and virtual storage tasks and where to find
information about each task:
• Configure real storage. The INITIAL and RESERVED real storage for
the logical partition in which z/VM is installed are set on the IBM
Hardware Management Console (HMC). However, there are also actions
you can take on z/VM to limit or increase the amount of real
storage available to z/VM. For more information, see Chapter 21,
“Host Storage Planning and Administration,” on page 625.
• Provide virtual storage to virtual machines. The amount of
virtual storage CP assigns to a virtual machine when the virtual
machine logs on is determined by an operand on the USER or IDENTITY
statement in the virtual machine's definition, or through the
STORAGE or MAXSTORAGE statements in the user, identity, or
subconfiguration entries. The USER or IDENTITY statement can also
set the maximum storage amount that each particular virtual machine
user can define with the DEFINE STORAGE command. For more
information, see “USER Directory Statement” on page 610, “IDENTITY
Directory Statement” on page 512, “MAXSTORAGE Directory Statement”
on page 544, and “STORAGE Directory Statement” on page 602.
• Plan for using saved segments. A saved segment is an area of
virtual storage that holds data or reentrant code. Defining
frequently used data as saved segments provides several advantages.
For detailed information, refer to z/VM: Saved Segments Planning
and Administration.
Auxiliary Storage Planning and Administration The following
sections describe planning and administration tasks for CP-owned
direct access storage devices (DASDs), dedicated DASDs, DASDs for
minidisks, DASDs for shared file pools, and virtual disks in
storage.
CP-Owned DASDs CP-owned DASDs are used for the CP system residence
volume, real system paging, spooling, directory and dump space, and
temporary disk space for virtual machines. Do the following for
CP-owned DASDs:
• Use HCM and HCD to define the DASD or, if needed, code an RDEVICE
statement in the system configuration file for the DASD. For more
information on HCM and HCD, see z/OS and z/VM: Hardware
Configuration Manager User's Guide
(www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink/svc00100.nsf/pages/
zosv2r4sc342670/$file/eequ100_v2r4.pdf) and z/VM: I/O
Configuration. For more information on coding the RDEVICE
statement, see “RDEVICE Statement (DASD)” on page 224.
Overview
• Format CP-owned DASDs. Before CP can use a DASD as a CP-owned
DASD, you must use the CPFMTXA utility, or the Device Support
Facilities (ICKDSF) program to format the DASD. However, using
ICKDSF is the recommended method to format DASD volumes for CP use.
For more information on CPFMTXA, refer to z/VM: CP Commands and
Utilities Reference. For more information on ICKDSF, refer to
Device Support Facilities User's Guide and Reference.
• Define a list of CP-owned volumes on the CP_OWNED system
configuration file statement. For more information, see “CP_OWNED
Statement” on page 68.
• Define the layout of the CP system residence volume on the
FEATURES and SYSTEM_RESIDENCE statements in the system
configuration file. For more information, see “FEATURES Statement”
on page 148 and “SYSTEM_RESIDENCE Statement” on page 273.
• Create a parm disk You must store system configuration files on a
parm disk, which is a CMS-formatted minidisk on the IPL volume. For
more information, see “Using Configuration Files” on page 15.
• Allocate temporary disk space to virtual machines. Use the MDISK
directory statement to define temporary disk space for virtual
machines. Virtual machine users can enter the DEFINE command to
define temporary disk space when they need it. For more
information, see “MDISK Directory Statement” on page 546.
Dedicated DASDs A dedicated DASD is a DASD that CP allocates
exclusively to a virtual machine. Do the following for a dedicated
DASD:
• Use HCM and HCD to define the DASD or, if needed, code an RDEVICE
statement in the system configuration file for the DASD. For more
information on HCM and HCD, see z/OS and z/VM: Hardware
Configuration Manager User's Guide
(www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink/svc00100.nsf/pages/
zosv2r4sc342670/$file/eequ100_v2r4.pdf) and z/VM: I/O
Configuration. For more information on coding the RDEVICE
statement, see “RDEVICE Statement (DASD)” on page 224.
• Code a DEDICATE statement in the virtual machine definition of
the virtual machine to which you dedicate the DASD. To dedicate the
DASD after the user logs on, use the ATTACH command.
• Set up a dedicated DASD so it can be shared with an operating
system running on another processor (using reserve/release). For
more information, see “Sharing DASD between One Virtual Machine and
Other Systems Using Real Reserve/Release” on page 656.
Note: If the DASD has not been used previously by the virtual
machine's operating system, it must be initialized by the user
after it is attached.
DASDs Used for Minidisks To use a DASD to provide minidisks for
virtual machines, do the following:
• Use HCM and HCD to define the DASD or, if needed, code an RDEVICE
statement in the system configuration file for the DASD. For more
information on HCM and HCD, see z/OS and z/VM: Hardware
Configuration Manager User's Guide
(www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink/svc00100.nsf/pages/
zosv2r4sc342670/$file/eequ100_v2r4.pdf) and z/VM: I/O
Configuration. For more information on coding the RDEVICE
statement, see “RDEVICE Statement (DASD)” on page 224.
• Define on the USER_VOLUME_LIST statement in the system
configuration file a list of volumes you use to contain minidisks.
For more information, see “USER_VOLUME_LIST Statement” on page
299.
Note that you can also define minidisks on CP-owned volumes if the
CP-owned volume is formatted appropriately. Although you may use
the CPFMTXA utility, it is recommended that you use the Device
Support Facilities (ICKDSF) program to format DASD volumes for CP
use. For more information on the CPFMTXA utility, see z/VM: CP
Commands and Utilities Reference. For more information on ICKDSF,
see Device Support Facilities User's Guide and Reference.
• Define minidisks for users. Use the MDISK directory statement to
define a minidisk for a virtual machine. Use the LINK directory
statement to define a link to another user's minidisk. The virtual
machine for which the minidisk is defined is responsible for
formatting it. For more information, see “MDISK Directory
Statement” on page 546 and “LINK Directory Statement” on page
532.
Overview
In an SSI-enabled directory, MDISK definitions can be global or
local. A global MDISK definition is included in a user or identity
entry and the minidisk being defined can be linked by virtual
machines on any member of the SSI cluster. A local MDISK definition
is included in a subconfiguration entry and the minidisk being
defined can be linked only by virtual machines on the SSI member to
which the subconfiguration entry applies.
Note: CP and the directory program do not prevent you from defining
minidisks that overlap. If you define such overlap, you assume
responsibility for data integrity. You can use the Directory
Maintenance Facility (DirMaint) optional feature of z/VM to assist
in managing the user directory.
• Set up a minidisk so it can be shared with an operating system
running on another processor and with other virtual machines (using
reserve/release). For more information, see “Sharing DASD among
Multiple Virtual Machines by Using Virtual Reserve/Release” on page
653.
DASD Space Used for Shared File Pools To define file pools, you
need to estimate how large each file pool will become. Also define
one or more virtual machines to be used for file pool service
machines. In so doing, you must decide what the initial DASD
storage for the file pool will be.
For information on generating a file pool, refer to z/VM: CMS File
Pool Planning, Administration, and Operation.
Virtual Disks in Storage A virtual disk in storage is the temporary
simulation of an FBA minidisk in an address space in host storage.
Because a virtual disk in storage is not mapped to a real DASD,
having a real FBA DASD in the system configuration is not required.
By avoiding the I/O overhead, virtual disks in storage may be
faster to use than other minidisks.
There are two ways to define a virtual disk in storage:
• Using the DEFINE command. This creates a private (nonshareable)
virtual disk in storage that is destroyed when the user detaches it
or logs off.
There is a limit on the amount of storage that can be allocated for
virtual disks in storage created by a single user using the DEFINE
command. This is called the user limit. The built-in default for
the user limit is 0. You can override the built-in default by
defining the user limit on the FEATURES statement in the system
configuration file or by using the SET VDISK command. For more
information, see “FEATURES Statement” on page 148.
• Using the MDISK directory statement. This creates a shareable
virtual disk in storage. Use the LINK directory statement to define
a link to another user's virtual disk in storage. A shareable
virtual disk in storage is created when the first user links to it
(the owner links to it by logging on) and destroyed when the last
user detaches it or logs off. The first user must initialize or
format the virtual disk in storage. For more information, see
“MDISK Directory Statement” on page 546 and “LINK Directory
Statement” on page 532.
Note: An MDISK statement for a virtual disk in storage can be
included only in a user entry or subconfiguration entry. The scope
of the virtual disk in storage is local, which means it can be
shared only with users on the system where it is created.
There is a limit on the total amount of storage that can be
allocated for virtual disks in storage on the system. This is
called the system limit. The built-in default for the system limit
is the minimum of:
– The amount of virtual storage that can be represented by
one-quarter of the usable dynamic paging area (DPA) below 2 GB
(based on the fact that each gigabyte of virtual disk defined
requires 2050 pages of real storage below 2 GB)
– The amount of storage represented by one-quarter of the paging
space defined for CP use.
You can override the built-in default by defining the system limit
on the FEATURES statement in the system configuration file or by
using the SET VDISK command. For more information, see “FEATURES
Statement” on page 148.
Overview
8 z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and Administration
Guests, servers, and other applications that use FBA minidisks can
use virtual disks in storage without recoding. Because of their
volatility, virtual disks in storage should not be used for
permanent data; work files and other files that hold temporary
results may be appropriate for virtual disks in storage. For an
example of coding VSE guests to use a virtual disk in storage for
storing label information areas and the cross system communication
file (lock file), see z/VM: Running Guest Operating Systems.
Terminals The following list describes tasks for terminals and
where to find information about each task:
• For all real terminals use HCM and HCD to define them or code an
RDEVICE statement in the system configuration file. For more
information on HCM and HCD, see z/OS and z/VM: Hardware
Configuration Manager User's Guide
(www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink/svc00100.nsf/pages/
zosv2r4sc342670/$file/eequ100_v2r4.pdf) and z/VM: I/O
Configuration. Otherwise, see “RDEVICE Statement (Graphic Display
Devices)” on page 227.
• Define primary and alternate system consoles using HCM and HCD or
define primary and alternate system consoles on either the
OPERATOR_CONSOLES or EMERGENCY_MESSAGE_CONSOLES statement in the
system configuration file. For more information on HCM and HCD, see
z/OS and z/VM: Hardware Configuration Manager User's Guide
(www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink/
svc00100.nsf/pages/zosv2r4sc342670/$file/eequ100_v2r4.pdf) and
z/VM: I/O Configuration. Otherwise, see either
“EMERGENCY_MESSAGE_CONSOLES Statement” on page 134 or
“OPERATOR_CONSOLES Statement” on page 207.
• To define a virtual machine operator console for a virtual
machine, code the CONSOLE directory statement in the virtual
machine definition for a user. For more information, see “CONSOLE
Directory Statement” on page 487.
• Define terminals for virtual machines. To define a terminal for a
virtual machine, code the DEDICATE or SPECIAL directory statements,
or both, in the virtual machine definition for a user. For more
information, see “DEDICATE Directory Statement” on page 501 and
“SPECIAL Directory Statement” on page 591.
Unit Record Devices The tasks for a unit record device depend on
whether the unit record device is (a) dedicated to a virtual
machine or (b) used for spooling.
Dedicated Unit Record Devices To dedicate a unit record device to a
virtual machine, perform the following:
• Use HCM and HCD to define the device or code an RDEVICE statement
in the system configuration file for the device. For more
information on HCM and HCD, see z/OS and z/VM: Hardware
Configuration Manager User's Guide
(www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink/svc00100.nsf/pages/
zosv2r4sc342670/$file/eequ100_v2r4.pdf) and z/VM: I/O
Configuration. Otherwise, see:
– “RDEVICE Statement (Card Punches)” on page 218 – “RDEVICE
Statement (Card Readers)” on page 220 – “RDEVICE Statement (Impact
Printers)” on page 231 – “RDEVICE Statement (3800 Printers)” on
page 243
• Code a DEDICATE statement in the virtual machine's definition.
The virtual machine user is responsible for other device tasks
(such as creating image libraries for dedicated 3800 printers,
defining forms control buffers, and so on). For more information,
see “DEDICATE Directory Statement” on page 501.
Spooled Unit Record Devices To use a unit record device for
spooling, perform the following:
Overview
• Use HCM and HCD to define the device or code an RDEVICE statement
in the system configuration file for each unit record device you
use for spooling. For more information on HCM and HCD, see z/OS and
z/VM: Hardware Configuration Manager User's Guide
(www.ibm.com/servers/resourcelink/
svc00100.nsf/pages/zosv2r4sc342670/$file/eequ100_v2r4.pdf) and
z/VM: I/O Configuration. Otherwise, see “RDEVICE Statement” on page
215.
• Create a list of user form names and their corresponding operator
form numbers on either the FORM_DEFAULT or USERFORM statements. For
more information, see “FORM_DEFAULT Statement” on page 162 or
“USERFORM Statement” on page 291.
• Specify classification titles for specific classes of spooled
output on the PRINTER_TITLE statement. For more information, see
“PRINTER_TITLE Statement” on page 209.
• Define forms control buffers (FCBs) and universal character sets
(UCSs) for 3203, 3211, 3262, 4245, and 4248 printers. For more
information, see Chapter 13, “Creating and Modifying Image
Libraries for Printers,” on page 409.
• Define image libraries for 3800 and impact printers. For more
information, see Chapter 13, “Creating and Modifying Image
Libraries for Printers,” on page 409.
• Define spooled unit record devices for virtual machines. For more
information, see “SPOOL Directory Statement” on page 596.
Performance Planning and Administration The performance
characteristics of an operating system are dependent on such
factors as choice of hardware, the total number of users on the
system during peak periods, functions being performed by the
system, and the way system parameters are set up. You can improve
performance to some degree by the choice of hardware and system
options. The following general tasks pertain to improving your z/VM
system efficiency:
• Plan how you will handle performance monitoring, measurements,
improvements, and problems. Become familiar with the CP monitor
facility and the facilities you can manipulate to change the
performance characteristics of the system as a whole or of selected
virtual machines.
• Before you decide which performance options to apply, monitor the
system's current performance. This will help you determine which
options would most likely give the system a performance gain and
where performance bottlenecks are occurring. The CP monitor
facility collects such data, which can then be processed to produce
statistics to give you an understanding of system operation.
• Perform system tuning to do any of the following:
– Process a larger or more demanding work load without increasing
the system configuration – Obtain better system response or
throughput – Reduce processing costs without affecting service to
users.
Details on system tuning can be found in z/VM: Performance.
I/O Reconfiguration in z/VM z/VM supports the hardware dynamic I/O
configuration facility. This facility allows you to dynamically
add, delete or modify the I/O configuration of the processor
without requiring a power-on reset of the processor or IPL of
z/VM.
z/VM support allows the system administrator or system operator to
use the HCM/HCD interface or CP's dynamic I/O configuration
commands to change the I/O configuration of the processor without a
re-IPL of z/VM or a power-on reset of the processor.
In addition to the HCM/HCD interface and the CP commands to
dynamically alter the I/O configuration of the machine, other I/O
commands allow you to:
• Query the logical partitions on a machine
Overview
• Query the channel paths • Query the status of channel paths to
devices
For more information on z/VM support of dynamic I/O configuration,
please see z/VM: I/O Configuration.
OpenExtensions Planning Planning for OpenExtensions involves
setting up the OpenExtensions facilities in z/VM that allow users
to run POSIX applications. These tasks involve assigning POSIX
security values to users (by specifying certain system
configuration file statements and CP directory statements) and
setting up the OpenExtensions Byte File System. For an overview of
how to set up OpenExtensions, see z/VM: OpenExtensions User's
Guide.
Planning for Multisystem Environments Additional planning and
configuration tasks are required to enable a z/VM system to
participate in a multisystem environment:
• Plan for a z/VM single system image (SSI) cluster. A z/VM SSI
cluster offers a comprehensive clustering solution that includes
multisystem installation, single point of maintenance, autonomic
minidisk cache management, and virtual server mobility. For
additional information, see Chapter 28, “Setting Up z/VM Single
System Image Clusters,” on page 695.
• Plan for cross-system link (XLINK). The XLINK function extends CP
link protocols to control normal, stable, and exclusive read or
read/write access across multiple z/VM systems for minidisks on
shared DASD. For additional information, see Appendix C, “Using
Cross-System Link (XLINK),” on page 819.
Overview
Overview
Part 2. System Planning and Administration
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1991, 2020 13
14 z/VM: z/VM V7.1 CP Planning and Administration
Chapter 2. Configuring Your System
This chapter provides an introduction to the files that define the
config