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versus Folium Podocarpi3 Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi Macroscopic features of Folium...

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Overview Cacumen Platycladi is listed in both Schedule 2 of the Chinese Medicine Ordinance and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition), while Folium Podocarpi has not been recorded in either reference. Both Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) originate from the evergreen trees of gymnosperm. According to the research by the Herbalogy Research, Review & Identification of Chinese Medicinal Materials, the non-Authorization Species Used in Hong Kong ”, the Guangdong region had recorded Folium Podocarpi in the “ Guang dong zhong yao zhi ” as Jiang nan bai ”. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Cacumen Platycladi can cool the blood to stop bleeding, resolve phlegm and suppress cough, and promote hair growth and darkening. On the other hand, “ Zhong hua ben cao” has recorded Folium Podocarpi with hemostatic function. As these two CMM possess different functions, they should be used accordingly. 1 Identification of Easily Confused Species of Chinese Materia Medica in Hong Kong by Macroscopic and Microscopic Characteristics Project Cacumen Platycladi versus Folium Podocarpi Source * Cacumen Platycladi is the dried twig or leaf of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco in the family Cupressaceae Folium Podocarpi is the dried branch and leaf of Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don or P. macrophyllus var. maki Endl. in the family Podocarpaceae 1 cm 1 cm Note: * Its name in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition) is “Platycladi Cacumen”.
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Page 1: versus Folium Podocarpi3 Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi Macroscopic features of Folium Podocarpi Stripe-shaped lanceolate leaf with acute or obtuse apex; with greyish-green

OverviewCacumen Platycladi is listed in both Schedule 2 of the Chinese Medicine Ordinance and the Chinese

Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition), while Folium Podocarpi has not been recorded in either reference. Both ChineseMateria Medica (CMM) originate from the evergreen trees of gymnosperm. According to the research by the“Herbalogy Research, Review & Identification of Chinese Medicinal Materials, the non-Authorization Species Usedin Hong Kong”, the Guangdong region had recorded Folium Podocarpi in the “Guang dong zhong yao zhi” as“Jiang nan bai”. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Cacumen Platycladi can cool the blood to stop bleeding,resolve phlegm and suppress cough, and promote hair growth and darkening. On the other hand, “Zhong hua bencao” has recorded Folium Podocarpi with hemostatic function. As these two CMM possess different functions, theyshould be used accordingly.

1

Identification of Easily Confused Species of Chinese Materia Medica in Hong Kongby Macroscopic and Microscopic Characteristics Project

Cacumen Platycladiversus

Folium Podocarpi

Source* Cacumen Platycladi

is the dried twig or leaf of

Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco

in the family Cupressaceae

Folium Podocarpiis the dried branch and leaf of

Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don or

P. macrophyllus var. maki Endl.

in the family Podocarpaceae

1 cm1 cm

Note: * Its name in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition) is “Platycladi Cacumen”.

Page 2: versus Folium Podocarpi3 Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi Macroscopic features of Folium Podocarpi Stripe-shaped lanceolate leaf with acute or obtuse apex; with greyish-green

2

Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi

Key identification features

Macroscopic features of Cacumen Platycladi

Deep green or yellowish-green blade is smallsquamiform, decussate andappressed on the branch

Micro-morphological features

A: Dented in the middle (→)

A,B

1 cm

1 mm

Frequently branched

Flat

1 mm 1 mm(Upper surface of the leaf) (Lower surface of the leaf)

B: With irregularly arranged white dots (→)

Page 3: versus Folium Podocarpi3 Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi Macroscopic features of Folium Podocarpi Stripe-shaped lanceolate leaf with acute or obtuse apex; with greyish-green

3

Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi

Macroscopic features of Folium Podocarpi

Stripe-shaped lanceolateleaf with acute or obtuseapex; with greyish-greento dark brown uppersurface of leaf

Yellowish-green to lightbrown lower surface ofleaf

Micro-morphological features

A: Midrib (→) protrudedB: Densely distributed with white dots (→)

arranged in parallel

1 cm

1 cm

A

B

Spirally inserted blades

Cylindrical branch withlight yellowish-brownand rough surface, withspirally arranged sub-triangular leaf base scars

1 mm 0.5 mm(Upper surface of the leaf) (Lower surface of the leaf)

Page 4: versus Folium Podocarpi3 Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi Macroscopic features of Folium Podocarpi Stripe-shaped lanceolate leaf with acute or obtuse apex; with greyish-green

Cacumen Platycladi Folium Podocarpi

Low

er e

pid

erm

al

cell

of

leaf

50 µm

4

Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi

Microscopic feature comparison of

Cacumen Platycladi and Folium Podocarpi powder

(In top view)

(In lateral view)

(In top view)

(In lateral view)

Sub-rectangular and sub-polygonal; numerous anomocytic stomata,guard cell appears dumbbell-shaped in lateral view and irregularlyarranged

Sub-square; numerous diacytic stomata, guard cell appearsdumbbell-shaped in lateral view and arranged in several rowsin parallel

Page 5: versus Folium Podocarpi3 Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi Macroscopic features of Folium Podocarpi Stripe-shaped lanceolate leaf with acute or obtuse apex; with greyish-green

Cacumen Platycladi vs Folium Podocarpi

Summary

Major differences in the features between Cacumen Platycladi and Folium

Podocarpi:

Platycladi Cacumen - Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards (Volume 5)

Government Chinese Medicines Testing Institute

Department of Health

Enquiry Hotline: 3188 8079

Website: www.cmro.gov.hk

The information in this pamphlet may be re-disseminated or reproduced, provided that the

Government Chinese Medicines Testing Institute (GCMTI), as the source of information, is

acknowledged and that the re-dissemination or reproduction is for non-commercial use. Any

other reproduction, adaptation, distribution, dissemination or making available of the

information in this pamphlet for commercial use is strictly prohibited unless prior written

authorizationis obtainedfromtheGCMTI.

Cacumen Platycladi Folium Podocarpi

Mac

rosc

opic

and

mic

ro-m

orph

olog

ical

fea

ture

s

Leaf Small squamiform Stripe-shaped lanceolate

Surface of leaf

Middle of the upper surface of leaf dented; with

irregularly arranged white dots on the lower surface of

leaf

Midrib protruded on the upper

surface of leaf; with white dots

densely distributed and

arranged in parallel on the

lower surface of leaf

Insert method of

leaf

Decussate and appressed on the branch

Spirally inserted

Mic

rosc

opic

feat

ures

Lower epidermal

cell of leaf

Anomocytic stomata

irregularly arranged

Diacytic stomata arranged in several rows in parallel

For more information, please refer to the Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica

Standards website:


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