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Vertebrates May, 2012. Vertebrates –Animals with a backbone.

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Vertebrates May, 2012
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Vertebrates

May, 2012

Vertebrates

• Vertebrates– Animals with a backbone

Vertebrates

• Phylum: Chordata

Characteristics

1. Backbone

2. Backbone (vertebrate) surrounds and protects a nerve cord

3. Skull and vertebrate are made of either bone or cartilage

Vertebrate Characteristics (cont)

• 4. Endotherms (warm-blooded animals) that maintained a constant body temperature

• 5. Ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) that body temperature changes with their environment

Fish Class

• Examples- minnows, blue gills, clown fish

• Characteristics– 1. Fins- help the fish move steer, stop, and

balance– 2. scales- protect the body– 3. Well developed sense of vision, hearing,

taste, and smell– 4. lateral line system- row of sense organs

Fish Class

• Characteristics– 5. Breathe with gills

– 6. External and internal fertilization

3 types of fish

– 1. Jawless fish- eel like fish, smooth, slimy, no jaw

– 2.Cartilaginous fishes- have cartilage, no bones, strong jaws SHARKS!

– 3.Bony fishes- bony skeleton, can float in place without swimming because they have a swim bladder

• Swim bladder- balloon like organ filled with oxygen and other gases that gives the fish buoyancy

Bell Work

• Define the following terms

• 1. endotherm

• 2. ectotherm

• 3. swim bladder

4. Name 2 characteristics of fish

Amphibian Class

• 1. Amphibians evolved from fish and to adapt to life on land they needed lungs for breathing

• 2. Lung- saclike organ that takes oxygen from the air and delivers it to the blood

Amphibian Characteristics

• 1. Amphibian means “double life” because they live in water and on land

• 2. Eggs do not have a shell or membrane to prevent water loss so they are laid in water

• 3. Ectotherms• 4. Skin is smooth and slimy• 5. They don’t drink water, they absorb it

through their skin

Amphibian Characteristics (cont.)

• 6. breath by taking air into their lungs and they absorb it through their skin

• 7. Their skin is so thin and moist they must live in water or in damp habitats

• 8. Their skin is brightly colored to warn predators away. This is called warning coloration.

• 9. 3 chambered heart• 10. Turn to page 70. in your book and draw the

life cycle of a frog.

Metamorphosis

Frog Metamorphosis

Kinds of Amphibians

• 1. Caecilians- shaped like worms or snakes, they have no legs. They live in tropical areas

• 2. Salamanders- live under stones or logs in damp woods

Kinds of Amphibians

• 3. Frogs and toads have powerful legs for jumping, well developed ears for hearing, sticky tongues, and vocal cords for calling

• Vocal sac-thin sac of skin that inflates with air and vibrates

Reptiles

• 1. Some amphibians evolved special traits that prepared them for life in a drier environment

• 2. They developed thick, dry skin that protected them from water loss

• 3. Their legs were stronger so they could walk and they evolved a special egg that could survive on dry land

Reptile Characteristics

• 1. Some reptiles live in water but they use lungs to breathe air

• 2. Thick dry skin, that is water tight and prevents losing water by evaporation

• 3. Ectothermic• 4. Amniotic egg-surrounded by a shell that

protects an developing embryo (most important adaptation)

• 5. Internal fertilization• 6. 3 chamber heart

Types of Reptiles

• 1. Turtles and Tortoises

• 2. Crocodiles and Alligators

• 3. Lizards

• 4. Snakes

Bell Work

• 1. Name the 4 types of reptiles.

• 2. What animal group did reptiles evolve from?

• 3. Are reptiles ectothermic or endothermic?

• 4. Name 3 characteristics of reptiles?

Tuatara

• Oldest living reptile

Birds

• 1. Class: Aves• 2. Birds are thought to be

descendants of dinosaurs• 3. Share some

characteristics with reptiles– A. Bird legs and feet are

covered with thick dry scales like reptiles

– B. Both have amniotic eggs with a shell

Bird Characteristics

• 1. Beaks instead of teeth or jaws

• 2. Feathers• 3. Wings• 4. Need a lot of

energy to be able to fly

• 5. Eat large amounts of food

Bird Characteristics

• 6. Air Sacs- special sacs attached to the lungs that increases the amount of oxygen that birds can take in

• 7. Lighter skeletons- hollow bones

• 8. 4 chamber heart• 9. Endothermic

Kinds of Birds

• 1. Flightless Birds– A. penguins– B. ostrich

• 2. Water Birds– A. ducks– B. loons

• 3. Birds of Prey– A. owls– B. hawks

Kinds of Birds

• 4. Perching birds– A. cardinal– B. chickadees

• 5. Non Perching birds– A. red-bellied wood

pecker

Bell Work

• 1. Name 4 characteristics of – Fish– Amphibians– Reptiles– Birds

Mammals

Origin of Mammals

• Fossil evidence shows 280 million years ago there were mammal-like reptiles called therapsids

Characteristics of Mammals

• 1. Mammary glands- secrete nutritious milk

• 2. Endothermic• 3. Hair somewhere on

their bodies• 4. Specialized teeth• 5. 4 chamber heart• 6. Large brains

Characteristics of Mammals

• 7. Require oxygen to burn or break down the food they eat

• 8. Diaphragm- muscle at the bottom of the rib cage that moves and helps with inhaling and exhaling

• 9. Produce sexually

Kinds of Mammals

• 1. Monotremes- mammals that lay eggs

• A. have mammary glands

• B. echidnas• C. duckbilled platypus

Kinds of Mammals

• 2. Marsupials- mammals with pouches– A. have mammary

glands– B. opossums– C. kangaroos– D. koalas– E. Tasmanian devils

Kinds of Mammals

• 3. Placental-embryos stay in an organ called an uterus in the mother. The placenta in the uterus supplies food and oxygen to the embryo.

• Examples– Pigs– Horses– Dolphins– Whales– Humans

• 4.Gestation period- time that the embryo develops in the mother


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