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Vertebrates
Vertebrate Characteristics• Endoskeleton• Vertebrae• Integument• Gills & Lungs• _____________ circulatory system• Digestive Tract• _____________ remove nitrogen waste• Brain• Sexual reproduction
Phylum Chordata
• Notochord• Dorsal hollow nerve cord• Pharyngeal pouches• Post anal tail
These are present at some time in the developmental process
General Characteristics
• Vertebral column• Cranium• Closed circulatory system• Neural crest• Internal organs• Endoskeleton
Vertebrate Classes
• Agnatha – Jawless fish• Chondrichthyes – Cartilage and unique scales• Osteichthyes – bony fish• Amphibia – double life (aquatic and land)• Reptilia – egg layers• Aves – wing • Mammalia – hair and mammary gland
Evolution of the Jaw
The Fishes• Jawless Cartilaginous Calcified Bone• Life in Water– Streamline body– Dense tail muscle– Gill lung– Swim bladder
• Homeostasis– Kidney function
• Sensory Functions– Lateral line system
AgnathaJawless fish• Lack paired fins• No plates or scales• Cartilage• No swim bladder• _______________________• Ectothermic• External fertilization• ________ chambered heart• Gills• Examples - Hagfish and Lamprey
Chondrichthyes
Cartilage skeleton ______________________ Paired fins No swim bladder Lateral line Ectothermic Internal fertilization _______ chambered heart Gills Triangular teeth Shark, Ray, Skate
Osteichthyes
Bony fish Lateral line _________ chambered heart Lung swim bladder ________________ with gills Scales Paired fins Ectothermic External fertilization Spawning Examples - Lobe and Ray fins
Amphibia Ectothermic Gills lungs ______________________
Respiration Protection
__________ chambered heart Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Bony skeleton Digestive system External fertilization Metamorphosis
• Evolution 370 million years ago• Lobed fin moved over land• Challenges – Water availability– Air temperature– New habitats– Climate shifts
• Orders of Amphibians– Urodela – salamander
– Anura – frogs and toads
– Apoda - caecilians
Reptilia• Evolved from amphibians– Greater modifications– Cortex region of brain– ________ chambered heart w/ partial divided
ventricle• Water freedom– Water tight skin– Copulatory organ– Kidney– ___________________________
• The Amniotic Egg
• Orders– Crocodilia • Crocodile• Alligator
– Chelonia• Turtles
– Squamata• Lizards and Snakes
Aves• Evolved from ___________
– Only 150 million years ago• Horny keratinized beak, scaly
leg, egg laying• Feathers• Wing• Strong muscles• ________________________• _________ chambered heart• Endothermic• Migration
Mammalia
Origin from small, hairless reptile Traits
Increased Brain capacity _________________________ Hair Dentition for dietary habits __________ chambered heart _________________________ Endothermic
• Orders– ________________________• Duckbilled platypus• Spiny anteater
– ________________________• Pouched animals• Australia and New Zealand
– ________________________• Young nourished within uterus• placenta