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Pathophysiology
Any lesion on any of the ‘3 inputs’
Any lesion on the ‘controller’
Any lesion ‘in between’
Dizzyness does NOT mean vertigo!• ENT dizzyness is rotatory
• Other pathologies cause dizzyness without rotatione.g. postural hypotension
faintsvertibrobasilar syndromeTIAs
Examination
• General exam – gait, orthopaedic• Neurological exam - CNN
• Full ENT exam
• Romberg• Unterberger• Dix Hallpike
ENT Diagnoses
• Ménières disease - hours
• BPPV - seconds
• Labyrinthitis / - daysvestibular neuronitis
• (Acoustic neuroma) - variable
• Over diagnosed• Strict criteria:
- Two or more attacks of vertigo - Audiometrically documented hearing loss- Tinnitus or aural fullness- Other causes excluded
Ménières disease
BPPV
• Otolithiasis• Crystals in semicircualr canals• Idiopathic or post traumatic• Sudden onset• Last seconds only• Rotatory vertigo
Vestibular neuronitis
• Sudden onset• Severe vertigo + nausea• Lasts days• Unsteady for some time afterwards
Acoustic neuroma
• Vestibular schwannoma• Slow growing• Often other associated symptoms • Vertigo alone is uncomon