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RETA 6470:

Managing water in Asia’s river basins:

Charting progress and facilitating investment

(Financed by the Japan Special Fund)

Vu Gia-Thu Bon Basin, Viet Nam -investment roadmap for water-related development

October 2010

Department of Natural Resources and Environment,Quang Nam Province



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Updates

0 1st draft for internal circulation

0b 2nd internal draft prepared after the 1st stakeholder consultation workshop

Location map



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Contents

Location map....................................................................................................................................................... i Summary............................................................................................................................................................iii Acronyms and abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. iv About RETA 6470 ..............................................................................................................................................iv 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 2 Background............................................................................................................................................. 1

2.1 Water utilization ........................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 Sustainability................................................................................................................................ 1 2.3 Efficient and economical water utilization .................................................................................... 1 2.4 Institutional reform (Decree 120) ................................................................................................. 1

3 Economic development targets............................................................................................................... 1 3.1 Over-all targets ............................................................................................................................ 1 3.2 Sector targets .............................................................................................................................. 2

4 Basin-level IWRM targets........................................................................................................................ 3 4.1 Clean water and sanitation .......................................................................................................... 3 4.2 Food security and socio-economic development ......................................................................... 3 4.3 Conservation of aquatic ecosystems ........................................................................................... 3 4.4 Preventing and minimizing bad impacts caused by water............................................................ 3 4.5 Reasonable valuation of water..................................................................................................... 3 4.6 Integrated and coordinated water resources management.......................................................... 3

5 IWRM in the Basin by 2020..................................................................................................................... 4 5.1 Management targets.................................................................................................................... 4 5.2 Over-all water allocation .............................................................................................................. 4 5.3 Specific water allocation .............................................................................................................. 4

6 Vision for the VGTB basin....................................................................................................................... 5 7 Basin development goals and programmes............................................................................................ 5 8 Next steps ............................................................................................................................................... 5 References and literature ................................................................................................................................... 6 Appendix A Notes on roadmap formulation..................................................................................................... 7

A.1 Administrative framework............................................................................................................. 7 A.2 Overview of investment needs..................................................................................................... 7 A.3 Priorities....................................................................................................................................... 8 A.4 Roadmap implementation.......................................................................................................... 12

Appendix B Decree 120/2008 on River Basin Management ......................................................................... 13 Appendix C Water demand and availability................................................................................................... 14

C.1 Unit demands............................................................................................................................. 14 C.2 Water demand by 2020.............................................................................................................. 14 C.3 Demand and availability............................................................................................................. 15

Appendix D Proposed development initiatives .............................................................................................. 16 D.1 A Vu Gia-Thu Bon RBC ............................................................................................................. 16 D.2 Surveys, knowledge base, development planning..................................................................... 16 D.3 Safe water for households ......................................................................................................... 17 D.4 Water for production and livelihoods ......................................................................................... 17 D.5 Storage capacity ........................................................................................................................ 18 D.6 Morphological management....................................................................................................... 19 D.7 Flood and drought management................................................................................................ 19 D.8 Water quality and aquatic habitats............................................................................................. 20 D.9 Wastewater management.......................................................................................................... 20

Appendix E 1st consultation workshop.......................................................................................................... 22



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Summary

The present draft investment roadmap for water-related development has been prepared by DONRE, QuangNam, in collaboration with officials from Quang Nam Province and Da Nang City, and other stakeholders.

The roadmap is guided by a vision of

A healthy river basin, prospering from its rich resources, with access to water for those who need it for households, livelihoods and production, and protection against floods and drought

At the present stage of preparation, the following goals and supporting programmes are proposed for immediate to medium-term development:

Basin-level management arrangements (reflecting Decree 120)

1 A Vu Gia-Thu Bon RBC

2 Surveys, knowledge base (including groundwater), development planning

Water security

3 Safe water for households

4 Water for production and livelihoods

5 Storage capacity

6 Morphological management

7 Flood and drought management

A healthy river basin

8 Water quality and aquatic habitats

9 Wastewater management

The draft roadmap is expected to be discussed and upgraded at a 2nd consultation workshop.



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Acronyms and abbreviations

DONRE : Department of Natural Resources and Environment (Quang Nam Province)

IWRM : Integrated water resources management

MARD : Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

MONRE : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

NARBO : Network of Asian River Basin Organizations

NTFP : Non-timber forest products

PPC : Province-level People's Committee

RBC : River basin committee

VGTB : Vu Gia-Thu Bon (river basin)

About RETA 6470

RETA 6470, 'Managing Water in Asia’s River Basins: Charting Progress and Facilitating Investment' aims toencourage further basin water investments under ADB's Water Financing Program and to demonstrate goodIWRM practices in river basins across the region.

The project is executed by ADB in collaboration with Network of Asian River Basin Organizations (NARBO)and is hosted by Center for River Basin Organizations and Management (CRBOM) in Solo, Central Java. It isfinanced with a grant from the Japan Special Fund made available by the Government of Japan

Pilot activities are conducted in river basins in Cambodia (the 4Ps Area of Prek Preah, Prek Krieng, PrekKampi, and Prek Te), Indonesia (Bengawan Solo), India Orissa (Baitarani), the Philippines (Central Cebu),and Viet Nam (Vu Gia-Thu Bon).



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1 Introduction

The present draft investment roadmap for water-related development has been prepared byDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), Quang Nam Province, in

collaboration with officials from Quang Nam Province and Da Nang City, and other stakeholders.

The present version incorporates guidance received during a stakeholder consultation workshop inHoi An in September 2010.

A basin profile is being prepared as a separate document.

2 Background

2.1 Water utilization

The water resource must be used for many purposes, including industries and agriculture. In the

process of exploiting and using water, we need to consider and evaluate the two way impacts inthis complex process.

2.2 Sustainability

Sustainability is expressed in several ways:

• The sustainability in economy is expressed through the healthy growth and development of the economy, hereby improving the living standard of people.

• The sustainability in society is showed through the status of people’s health, reducedpoverty and reduced social evils.

• The sustainability in environment is seen through reasonable use of water, maintaining thequality, quantity of water resources, and reduced environmental pollution.

2.3 Efficient and economical water utilization

Exploiting and using water resources must be considered reasonably in term of quality and quantityof water, right requirements, and the right time to ensure the efficiency and economy. Under thepoint of view “Water as special good”, using water economically and efficiently is not only theresponsibility of water users for financial contribution (and compensation for damages if they pollutethe water), but also reflects the important role of water resource to society.

2.4 Institutional reform (Decree 120)

Decree No. 120/2008 on River Basin Management was passed by MONRE in December 2008. Inthis decree, the VGTB Basin is classified as a 'big river basin', with a particular nationalsignificance, and placed under the direct authority of MONRE.

The Decree specifies basin-level management tasks, to be undertaken by an RBC, includingsurveys and development planning. Please refer to Appendix B for a summary.

3 Economic development targets

3.1 Over-all targets

Da Nang City and Quang Nam Province strive for an average economic growth level of about 13-13.5 percent per year in 2010-2015. Hereby, GDP per capita 2010 would reach 670-698 USD/per capita in 2010 and 1,395-1,500 USD/per capita in 2015. Exports would reach about USD 240million in 2010 and USD 350 million in 2015.

The economic structure is changing considerably. In 2010, the industry density accounts for 39%,the agro-forestry proportion makes up 23% and the service density is 38%. By 2015, the industry



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density will be about 43-44%, trade service density will occupy for 41- 43%, and the agricultureagro-forestry proportion will make up 13- 16%.

3.2 Sector targets

• Cultivation: Stable growth at 3.5-4%/year. The following areas are planned:

Rice: from 30,000 – 35,000 ha, in which the area of high yield rice is about 15,000 ha,located in the coastal plain districts.

Maize: About 10,000-15,000 ha, in which hybrid maize makes up 80%.

Cassava: About 20,000 ha, concentrating in midland districts.

Sugar-cane: About 6,000 – 8,000 ha.

Cotton: widen the area to about 10,000 ha in plain districts such asĐiện Bàn, Duy Xuyên,Đại Lộc…

Pineapple: Forming centralized pineapple planting area in districts with the area of 4,000-4,500 ha

Groundnut: Maintaining an area of 10,000 ha, mainly in alluvial grounds along the riverside.

Cashew: Develop the area to 5,000 ha for exporting.

• Livestock: To develop livestock to a sector accounting for 50-55% of agricultural productvalue. It is planned to develop livestock and poultries as follows:

Cattle: To develop cattle breeding in mountainous and midland districts, striving for reaching320,000-350,000 heads.

Pigs: To develop the pig herd to the direction of leanization and super meat, estimating anincrease to 650,000-700,000 pigs.

Poultry: Develop household poultry rising all over the province.

• Aquaculture: Aquaculture will be developed as the tendency of industrialization. Raisingand planting area is 4,000 ha, in which the area for shrimp raising is 1,000 ha.

• Forestry: The general trend is: protecting, looking after the current forest, and speeding upplanting to enrich the source of forest. In 2015, the covering level of the forest will bereached to 48 % compared with 42 % for now. Particularly, we will protect 400,000 ha of current forest, reforest 22,000 ha and afforest 10,000 ha.

• Industrial development:

- Speed up industrialization, modernization, strive for the general growth level of 20-22% per year, and contribute to GDP about 39%.

- Strongly develop some key industries, such as processing industry, garments (for export), food industry, ore mining, building materials.

- Plan to develop industrial zones with the total area of 12,365 ha.

• Trade and services: To be developed, boosting tourism services; aiming at a growth rate of 16-17% per year.

- Trade: Focus on developing importing–exporting service industries, material –technical & crop plants providing services, transportation services and other publicservices.

- Form commercial centers, such as: Ky Ha Commercial Port, Hoi An CommercialTourism Centre, Nam Giang Border Gate Commercial Zone, Tam Ky CommercialCentre.

- Tourism: Improve the tourism sites, including current cultural heritages such as: HoiAn ancient town, My Son Sanctuary ..., develop new tours and tourism sites such asKy Ha – Chu Lai, Phu Ninh Lake - Ke Tan.



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4 Basin-level IWRM targets

4.1 Clean water and sanitation

The Water Resource Law regulates the priority of ensuring tap water for people.

In urban areas, 65-70 % of citizens are provided with tap water. Up to 2020, it is expected that 90-100% of the population will be provided clean water with the average standard of 100-120litres/day. The urban sanitation and environmental conditions connect closely to the demand of water supply, including industrial and domestic waste water treatment, collecting and treatingsewage without polluting the groundwater.

In suburban and rural areas, today only 60% of the population benefit from clean water. Thetarget by 2020 is that 90-95 % of the countryside population will have access to clean water with astandard level of 60 litres/person/day.

4.2 Food security and socio-economic development

Ensuring water for agriculture has been and continues to be the top target. Generally, irrigation

targets are high because of a hot and sunny climate. For other water-dependent production systems, the target is to ensure water supply based on demand management at the river basinlevel.

4.3 Conservation of aquatic ecosystems

Aquatic ecosystems need to be researched in terms of biodiversity, water demand andenvironmental requirements. There is a need of monitoring and of preparing a strategy for conversation of aquatic ecosystems.

4.4 Preventing and minimizing bad impacts caused by water

The most serious impact caused by water is flooding. Preventing and remedying floodconsequences is one of missions of water resource management. General strategy of flood

prevention is to reinforce the constructions, improve the ability of flood discharge in delta river systems, enhance the ability of flood warning and forecast, well organize the life and production inflooding area to mitigate the damages.

Drought and salinity intrusion cause the shortage of freshwater in large scale in midland andcoastal plain. Researching to develop terrestrial plant and changing plant structure are strategicsolutions for water shortage areas.

4.5 Reasonable valuation of water

Today, public water services are subsidized by the Government budget at different levels.

According to the tendency of urban water supply development to 2020, urban water supply serviceswill no longer be subsidized gradually. Water prices will be counted exactly for covering investment

expenses. Urban water supply enterprises must be financial autonomous, implementing publicresponsibilities and social policies. Hence, according to this tendency, water is considered as socio-economic commodity.

In the national strategy to 2020 of clean water supply and rural sanitation, the principles are:Developing the internal power of rural people, boosting socialization in construction investment andmanagement, the users makes contribution to deciding a clean water supply that is suitable for their financial capacity.

For irrigation services, the Government has incentive policies in which the services will be re-organized to improve irrigation quality and manage sustainable facilities and water resources.

4.6 Integrated and coordinated water resources management

Water resources must be used for many different purposes at the same time. Integratedmanagement exploits most diversified potential of water resources. Water resources in the river basin must be managed following the integrated principle, not distinguishing between administration



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levels, upstream and downstream, ensure equality in responsibility and benefits betweenorganizations and individuals at the same field.

5 IWRM in the Basin by 2020

5.1 Management targets

• To manage water resource to ensure water for people's welfare, economy, society,environment and flood prevention.

• To apply the river basin as a management unit.

• To increase people’s awareness about using water.

• To ensure that water services are operated efficiently.

5.2 Over-all water allocation

The following requirements must be observed:

- Adequate supplies of clean water for households.

- Ensure water for production and social development.

- Conserve aquatic ecosystems.

- Prevent and minimize negative impacts caused by water.

- Water must be valuated with a reasonable price.

- By broad cooperation, IWRM can be implemented efficiently and effectively.

- The water resources must be shared for common benefits.

5.3 Specific water allocation

Water for production

Irrigation: 56,170 ha arable land in the basin with an irrigationfrequency of 75%

Aquaculture: 4,000 ha.

Poultry, livestock: According to the standard of household business

Industry: 310,000 m3/day

... including

Hoa Khuong area 24,000 m3/day

Small industrial zone in the upstream of Vu Gia –Thu Bon:

6,000m3/day

An Hoa – Nong Son: 80,000 m3/day

Dien Nam – Dien Ngoc – Hoa Khanh – Trang Nhatand some small industrial zones:

180,000 m3/day

Dong Thang Bing – Que Son industrial zone: 20,000 m3/day

Households

Cities, towns and townlets: 90-100% of population have access to clean water

Rural areas: 90-95% of population having access to clean water

Water supply frequency for industries andhouseholds:

90%

Environmental flows in downstream parts

To ensure the quality of water, the environment in the lowlands, and avoid saline intrusion, water pollution, exhaustion, and estuary filling in, it is necessary to have enough water to turn back the



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natural flow in dry season from January to August. This amount of water is counted by the minimumamount of flow water per month:

In Vu Gia river at Ai Nghia gauging station: Q(90%) = 32.6m3/s

In Thu Bon river at Giao Thuy gauging station: Q(90%)= 41.0 m3/s

Damages caused by floods and drought

Today, the exposure to floods, drought and saline intrusion is too high in the river basin of Vu Gia-Thu Bon. Structural and non-structural measures are required.

6 Vision for the VGTB basin

(To be further considered)

A healthy river basin, prospering from its rich resources, with access to water for those who need it for households, livelihoods and production, and protection against floods and drought

7 Basin development goals and programmes

The following goals and supporting programmes are proposed for immediate to medium-termdevelopment:

Basin-level management arrangements (reflecting Decree 120)

1 A Vu Gia-Thu Bon RBC

2 Surveys, knowledge base (including groundwater), development planning

Water security

3 Safe water for households

4 Water for production and livelihoods

5 Storage capacity

6 Morphological management

7 Flood and drought management

A healthy river basin

8 Water quality and aquatic habitats

9 Wastewater management

Please refer to Appendix D for an elaboration.

8 Next steps

The draft roadmap is expected to be discussed and upgraded at a 2nd consultation workshop.

Consider to identify a portfolio of fast-track projects: Clearly useful, low risk, uncontroversial, andsuited for immediate implementation.

Consider to identify a portfolio of high-impact projects with particular benefits, but perhaps in needof more preparations (such as consultations, and feasibility and impact studies).



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References and literature

ADB and DONRE, Quang Nam (Aug 10): IWRM implementation in Viet Nam. Working paper 13 (draft)prepared under RETA 6470, Managing water in Asia’s river basins: Charting progress and facilitatinginvestment

ADB (Nov 09): Water - vital for Viet Nam's future. Synthesis report of ADB's Water Sector Review Project (TA4903-VIE)

IWC (Feb 09): Situation analysis of the Vu Gia-Thu Bon River Basin, Central Viet Nam. Prepared by KristalBurry, Peter Oliver and Phuong Lien Tran, International Water Centre, for the 5th NARBO Training inHoi An

Kellogg Brown & Root (Aug 08): Indicator report. Prepared for Office of the National Water Resources Councilunder ADB's Water Sector Review Project (TA 4903-VIE)

MONRE (Jan 08): SEA of the Quang Nam Province Hydropower Plan for the Vu Gia-Thu Bon River Basin.Final report, TA 4713-VIE: Capacity building in the strategic environmental assessment of thehydropower sector in Viet Nam. Prepared by Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources,Ministry of Industry, Electricity Viet Nam, and ADB

Nghia, To Trung (06): Strategic plan for IWRM of the Vu Gia-Thu Bon Basin organization. Chapter in Ti Le-

Huu (ed) (06): Good practices on strategic planning and management of water resources in Asia andthe Pacific. ESCAP Water Resources Series No. 85

ONWRC (Jul 08): Water sector review project (TA4903-VIE). Draft final report prepared by Kellogg Brown &Root Pty Ltd for The Office of the National Water Resources Council on behalf of the Government of Viet Nam and a number of international development partners led by ADB

Tran Thi Hien Hanh (Jun 10): Water utilization and efficiency in Viet Nam, the challenges and solutions.Presentation at the UNEP/IETC Consultative Workshop on Water Footprint, Neutrality and Efficiency,Osaka

Trinh Xuan Lai (Dec 07): Water supply and sanitation [in Viet Nam]. Report prepared under ADB's Water Sector Review Project (TA 4903-VIE)

USAID (Jun 07): From ideas to action: Clean energy solutions for Asia to address climate change. Annex 6,Vietnam country report

WCDR (Sep 04): National report on disaster reduction in Vietnam. Report prepared for the World Conferenceon Disaster Reduction, Kobe-Hyogo, Japan, January 2005



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Appendix A: Notes on roadmap formulation

A.1 Administrative framework

Background

• There is a need to assign more professional staff and improve state management capacity on water resource for Department and Division of Natural resource and Environment around all districts/wards of Quang Nam province and Da Nang City. The organizational structure of Board of management to VuGia and Thu Bon river basin project are perfected while functions, regulations and activities are built toensure the management project effectively implemented by these organizations under Article 64 Lawon Water Resources.

• Legal documents on water resources are institutionalized and information is disseminated to raisepublic and other business and organizations awareness of their responsibilities in protecting andutilizing water resource. People are given favorable conditions to take part in these processes.

• Inspection and supervision are to be intensified over all activities of water utilization and wastewater treatment. The activities degrading water resource or polluting water environment are to be dealt withseverely. The projects on water utilization and wastewater discharge must be ensured to be licensed in

case of need.

• Basic surveys, inventory and assessment of water resources in the basins of Vu Gia-Thu Bon river areconducted. On that basic, plans and implementation methods of water utilization, exploitation andprotection in the river basins are built. Water regulation and allocation among sectors should be donewell to ensure the water resource to be used collectively. Water for living activities, important industrialand economic zones and high-valued production should be provided as a priority to ensure foodsecurity.

• Capital investment for water resource field should be prioritized and effectively used. Social investmentfor water utilizing and protecting activities should be mobilized. To facilitate this process, thesubsidization by State to water provision service is to be removed. Using economically, efficiently andreuse of water should be encouraged and popularized.

Recommendations

• Project on organization of Management Board and Office of the new RBC must be implemented. After being ratified, administrative procedures should be finished to enable these bodies to performeffectively and to prepare the details of the river basin management plan.

• Infrastructure for department of river basins management in Quang Nam province and its branch in DaNang city should be more invested and funded.

• Detailed regulations of project implementation and collective utilization of water resource from river basins should be drafted and proclaimed. The General viewpoint about collective water utilization is tobe assumed during project approval.

• Plans of water resource allocation and protection as well as flood control as required and assigned inVietnam governmental Resolution number 120/2008/ND-CP on basin river management.

A.2 Overview of investment needs

Structural development

• The current conservancy works such as reservoirs, dams, water-pumping points, saltwater-preventiondykes are continuously to be improved, to keep them safe during the rainstorm season and to providesufficiently water to cultivation and living activity during dry season.

• More new conservancy works are to be built to enlarge actively irrigated area, to prevent draught andsalt-water infiltration.

• Water supply projects for industrial and households are to be built.

• Reservoirs and dams in upstream area are to be built to control floods in lowlands.

• Embankments to be built continuously to keep river banks from breaking out and river or stream flowfrom altering.

• Ditches, drains and canals are to be dredged to ensure irrigating capacity of the network.





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No. Investing sector Situation Purpose

regulated in this Degree, and investingmaterial facilities for the Commission andOffice of River Basin as regulated.

2 Building and approving task andproject of river basin planning

Task and project of river basin planninghave not been developed yet. Therefore,exploiting and using water resources inthe river basin have not met the requestof integrated exploitation, servingmultiple targets. The buildingconstructions mainly exploit water resource for each specific sector andfield. Serving for other targets is justassociated, causing water waste

Building task, project of planningriver basin as a basis for levels,economic sectors formingcomponent plans, plan for sub-regions.

Be a basis for appraising theplans of sub-basin within theriver basin in order to manageand exploit the water resourceseffectively.

3 Building the plan for allocatingthe river basin water resources

There has not been plan for allocatingthe water resources in the river basinwhile the situation shows that there aremany problems relating to request toplan allocation such as: diverting water inthe sub-basin, changing the flow in the

river system need coordination,allocation of water resources in the basinto meet the demand of water using of regions, economic sectors.

Estimating quantity and qualityof water resources, forecastingchanging tendency. Identifyingthe demand, setting the order of priority of water using for economic sectors like:

agriculture, hydroelectric,industry, tourism transportationand other socio-economicactivities. Maintain the minimumflow in the river. Identifying thedemand of water movingbetween basins in order to meetthe demand of serving sector and region economicdevelopment in the basin.

4 Making a coordination regulationbetween levels, sectors inplanning, designing andoperating sites exploiting water in the river basin.

Now, planning, designing, building andorganizing to operate projects thatexploiting and using water in river basinsuch as hydroelectric site, irrigationsystem, running water supplying

enterprise often aim to each specificsector. Because there is not any clear regulation on how to cooperate betweenlevels, sectors in integrated water exploitation and using, the process of integrated water exploitation and usingserving multiple targets is still limited.There is even contradiction in benefitbetween sectors and regions.

It is ensure that planning,designing, building, managingand operating water exploitationprojects in the river basin areassociated with principles of

water resource exploitation andusing as follows:

- Exploiting integrated water resource, serving multipletargets.

- Using water resources inriver basin appropriately,economically.

- Ensuring the minimum flowin river system.

5 Assessing water environmentalstatus to plan of river basinwater resource protection.

The process of economic developmentof certain key sectors in river basin suchas: agriculture, industry, hydroelectric,trade, service, tourism...not only requirea very large amount of water but also

pollute the water environment. The resultof measurement in some locationsshows that the quality of surface water insub-basin urban has sign of reducing.

Due to terrain change in river-bed,stream-bed made the flow regimechange in a disadvantage way. The flowof some rivers and streams in thedownstream are degraded andexhausted which causes environmentalpollution.

Planning of river basin resourceprotection is to:

- Identify location, scope andlevel of pollution cause of pollution causing sources,regions of water resourcedegraded and exhausted.

- Access the quality of water resources, give solutions toprotect the water environment, recover polluted, degraded andexhausted water resources.

- Set up the networkmonitoring quality of water inthe river basin.

6 Increasing the forest fund andforest cover in the river basin.

The area of the protective forest in thebasin mainly focuses on themountainous areas of Quang Namprovince in which in the low mountainousarea most are exhausted due to war andexploitation, in the hill of middle land,

Well protect and care thecurrent forest. Speeding upreforestation and afforestation toenrich forest fund.

It is Forest cover rate reaches48% in 2010. Forest protection,



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No. Investing sector Situation Purpose

most are local protective forest or protective forest of irrigation system. Theforest cover rate reached only 44% in2008.

In the current years, building irrigationdamps, hydroelectric projects in the river basin has lost forest land and affectedthe thick forest.

natural and biodiversitypreservation. Increasing forestarea to contribute on regulatingflood flow, increase flow in dry

season, disaster immigration,anti- erosion prevent, water preservation

7 The environmental issue andecosystem management insurface water

The water resources from rivers andpools its polluted due to waste fromurban and industrial zones, due todegrading in river basins and theconsequence of unreasonable cultivationmethods and land use which make river basin water resource decrease in qualityas well as quantity. Many water ecosystems are destroyed.

Methods of protecting water ecosystem proposed such as:Recover polluted and degradedwater areas to recover the livingplaces of water creatures andecosystems.

Control the penetration of strange water creatures thatmay be harmful to water creatures of water ecosystem.

8 Propaganda to increase theawareness of water use andprotection.

Legal documents on water resources likeLaw on water resources, Decree of Government, Regulations of ministriesas well as provinces and cities havebeen issued a lot. However, theimplementation and popularization theseregulations are not comprehensive anddisregarded in some regions.

Increase the responsibility of authorities and sectors in water resource management.

Rising awareness of communityin exploiting, using andprotecting the water resourcesin the river basin.

Some specific programs and projects

Based on identified measures, some projects and programs will be concretized to ensure that river basinwater resource management achieves the general objective and concrete targets proposed. Programs andprojects are summarized with objectives, contents invested as in the following table.

Table x: Some proposed programs and projects for IWRM in VGTB to 2020

No. Program/project Objectives of investment Summary of invested contents

1 Set up and approve task, projectplanning the river basin, plan of water pollution prevention, planof basin water resourceregulation and allocation

As a basis for component river basinplanning, socio-economic planning.

Invest in setting up duty, projectplanning the river basin

Plan of water allocation andregulation

Plan of preventing water environment pollution

2 Make the component plans of river basin

Be a basis of making plans of exploiting and using water of

economic sectors

- Invest in making plan of allocation, plan of protection and

plan of prevention and repairingthe consequence caused bywater.

3 Improve and upgrade builtirrigation system

- Keep reservoirs, electric pumpingstations, , water level dams safein rainy seasons

- Enough water for agricultureproduction, live life

- Repair, upgrade reservoirs,electric pumping stations, water level dams

4 Build water supply enterprise for agriculture

Increase positive irrigated area, anti-drought

- Build reservoirs, electric pumpingstations, water level dams.

5 Build saltwater preventing,freshwater keeping dam in ThuBon river, Vinh Dien

- Saltwater preventing, freshwater keeping ensuring water for producing and living for riverside

area

- Build solid water level dam toprevent saltwater in Thu Bonriver

- Build solid water level dam toprevent saltwater in Tu Cau river



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6 Upgrade and widen existingwater enterprises

Supply water for a safer usingdemand

- Increase the capacity of existingwater supplying enterprises to asuitable scale

7 Build water enterprise in VinhDien river Supply water for agriculturaldevelopment and running water for Hoi An city, resorts and industrialzones

- Build water enterprise in VinhDien river with a suitablecapacity for water supplyingdemand as planned.

8 Build Xuan Thieu water enterprise

Supply water for industry andpeople’s life North of Da Nang city,Hoa Khanh industrial zone – LienChieu ward

- Invest in building Hoa Bacreservoir in Cu Đê river

- Build Xuan Thieu water enterprise

9 Build concentrated water supplysystems for district centrals

Ensure clean water for the districtcentral and concentrated residentclusters

- Build water supply enterprise for centrals of district andconcentrated residential area

10 Build upstream sites to floodcutting as step plan of 10 large

hydroelectric sites andreservoirs

Reduce flood flow, increase ----flowin Vu Gia – Thu Bon river

- Build 10 largehydroelectric sites as planned and

Song Cai river reservoir

11 Restore and upgrade regulatingsite of Quang Hue river

Stabilize the allocation of flow fromVu Gia through Thu Bon to ensurewater for their downstream region.Landslide prevention in the riverbankof Vu Gia and Quang Hue river

- Build embankment to protectbanks, groin to prevent landslidein the river banks of Vu Gia river and Quang Hue (newly andformer)

- Build new Quang Hue barrier dam

12 Build embankment to preventlandslide in riverbanks

Protect inhabitants, producing land,riverside infrastructure, prevent flowcutting that change the flow in therivers

Build suitable types of riverbankprotecting embankment

13 Upgrade saltwater preventiondyke systems

Keep the dyke safe in rainy season Upgrade and solidize saltwater prevention dyke systems, make thedyke surface solid. Build, repair saltwater prevention sites, floodremove

14 Dredge, improve leading bed of Truong Giang river in Vinh Dien

Increase the ability of water loading,landslide prevention, sedimentation,pollution reducing to protect thewater environment of the river andriverside

Agricultural land salt intrusionprevention

Dredge, restore river parts that arebuilt up to maintain the width, depthof the flow.

Build embankments

15 Compile documents, conductingdissemination activities toincrease community’s

awareness on water resourceprotection

Information, educate to increasecommunity’s awareness onexploiting and protecting water

resource. Widen the cooperativenetwork for water in Vu Gia - ThuBon river basin

- Compile guideline on water environment protection, river basin water resource anti-

exhaustion.- Conduct propaganda activities on

water resource protection incommunity

- Build the cooperative network for water in river basins.

16 Form the process of operatinginter-reservoirs in the basin

- Keep reservoir safe in the floodseason

- Reduce flow in the floodingseason, increase flow in the dryseason for the lowlands toensure the water resource for production and daily life.

- Calculate to build the process of operating inter-reservoirs in theriver basin

- Invest in human resource,technology of management ininter-reservoir operation in theriver basin

17 Form the model of sustainable

cultivation on sloping land

- Reduce damage caused by

drought.

- Prevent erosion caused by rain

- Build producing models in the

way of integrated agro-forestry insloping land area in midland and



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and flood, preserving land andwater

mountainous districts.

18 Improve forecasting rain andflood in the river basin.

- Enhance accuracy forecast of rain and flood.

- Increase time for rain and floodforecast.

- Invest in supplementing thenetwork of hydrometeorologystation.

- Change, modernize meansmeasuring hydrometeorology

- Educate, develop humanresource, build, apply thetechnology of advanced rain andflood forecast in the river basin

19 Issues of environment andecology in the region of Thu Bonand Tam Ky river mouth

Serving plan of fishery cultivationalong Truong Giang river and ThuBon and Tam Ky river mouth

Access the water environment inTruong Giang river and Thu Bon andTam Ky river mouth

Propose methods of fisherycultivation planning

20 Build material and technicalconstruction of the Office of River basin managementCommission in Quang Nam andits branch in Da Nang

- Ensure conditions for the activityof the Management Commissionand Office.

- Capacity building for theoperation of ManagementCommission and Office ensuringthe function of statemanagement on river basin

- Build the headquarter of Management Commission andOffice in Quang Nam and DaNang.

- Provide working equipments for the Management Commissionand Office in Quang Nam and DaNang

A.4 Roadmap implementation

1 Based on tasks, projects of river basin planning, plans for water polluted protection, approved planregulating and allocating water resource in the river basin, the central Ministries and sectors, thePeople’s Committee of provinces and cities in the river basin form plans of exploiting, using water resources and approve after appraised by MONRE.

2 The central Ministries and sectors, the People’s Committee of provinces and cities in the river basindirect to implement river basin planning towards contents belongs to their responsibilities; adjustingplans, programs if they are not suitable to approved river basin planning. Direct implement investmentin building, exploiting and using water in the river basin as current regulations, ensuring to follow thelaw strictly.

3 Based on functions and missions regulated in the Decree, the Commission of River basin carries outactivities to well implement river basin management.

4 Associations, economic organizations, and community have responsibility and are given all conditionsto carry out their right of supervision, give specific concrete solutions to implement this investmentroadmap.



13

Appendix B: Decree 120/2008 on River Basin Management

The decree covers, among others:

Principles for river basin management (Article 4)

The Decree promulgates an integrated, balanced water allocation within the basin and among various water uses, inter-agency collaboration, and due consideration to environmental health.

Classification of river basins (Article 6)

The VGTB Basin is classified as a big river basin. The classification relates to the degree of decentralization(low for big basins), and the priority to investment and development (high for big basins)

Investment policies for sustainable development of river basins (Article 7)

Investments are encouraged in basin-level surveys and planning; protection and sustainable development of water resources in river basins; and to combat harms caused by water.

Surveys of river basin environment and water resources (Chapter 2)

MONRE, collaborating with other ministries and the PPCs, will undertake comprehensive baseline surveys of river basins and compile the findings in databases and information systems. The surveys will cover (amongothers) availability and quality of surface water and groundwater, wastewater disposal, and water-related risks.

River basin planning (Chapter 3)

Basin-level plans must be prepared for water resources allocation; water resources protection; and disaster prevention, control and mitigation. For big basins, the detailed planning tasks are specified by MONRE.Planning may be conducted for entire basins or sub-basins. The plans are expected to be prepared every 10-15 years.

The planning will (among others) identify needs and objectives for water use and drainage, across sectors; theprotection of the aquatic environment; water withdrawals, utilization and development; and prevention andcontrol of water-related calamities. Both structural and non-structural developments will be considered.

Protection of the aquatic environment (Chapter 4)

This includes control of pollution sources and protection of the water quality (Article 22); plans for water pollution prevention and control and rehabilitation of polluted water sources (Article 23); and response topollution incidents (Article 24)

Regulation and allocation of water resources and transfers of water (Chapter 5)

This includes identification and maintenance of minimum flows (Article 25); and related regulation (Article 26)

International cooperation (Chapter 6)

River basin coordinating organizations (Chapter 7)

RBCs will be established for big river basins and inter-province river basins.

An RBC is composed of representatives of concerned ministries, branches, PPCs of a number of provinceslocated within the basin, and a number of entities that manage big water projects or utilities (if any) and isheaded by a Vice Minister of Natural Resources and Environment as its chairman.

The RBCs supervise and coordinate activities of concerned ministries, branches and localities in theimplementation of river basin plans; propose the promulgation of policies; and propose measures for protection of the aquatic environment; exploitation, utilization and development of water sources; as well asprevention, control and minimization of harms caused by water in river basins.

River basin management responsibilities (Chapter 8)

Various responsibilities are held by MONRE; Ministry of Planning and Investment; Ministry of Finance; other ministries and ministry-level agencies; the PPCs; the National Water Resources Council; and the RBCs.



14

Appendix C: Water demand and availability

C.1 Unit demands

Irrigation

Unit demands are listed below.

Table x: Unit demands for irrigation

Area Winter-spring rice Summer-fall rice Corn Sugar cane

l/s/h m3/ha l/s/ha m3/ha l/s/ha m3/ha l/s/ha m3/ha

Upstream Vu Gia 1.1 6,277 1.2 5,688 5.5 1,516 0.5 4,925

Upstream Thu Bon 1.0 5,795 1.2 6,228 0.5 1,225 0.5 3,583

Downstream 1.2 6,279 1.3 9,386 0.7 3,664 0.7 5,840

Tuy Loan 1.2 6,279 1.3 9,386 0.7 3,664 0.7 5,840

Ly Ly 1.0 6,453 1.3 8,302 0.7 2,910 0.6 4,614

Livestock

• Buffalo, cow: 50 litres/day per head

• Pig: 20 litres/day per head

• Poultry: 2 litres/day per bird

Industry

• Processing machine: 100 m3/day/ha

• Food processing: 200 m3/day/ha

• Forest product processing: 100m3/day/ha

• Civil mechanic: 60 m3/day/ha

• Other industries: 80 m3/day/ha

Households

According to Construction Ministry’s classification standards of running water supply to the Central region of Vietnam:

• Da Nang City: 150-200 litres/person/day

• Towns, townlets: 100-120 litres/person/day

• Rural areas: 40-60 litres/person/day

C.2 Water demand by 2020

To achieve the proposed targets, it is expected that by 2020, the water demand is as follows:

Water for agriculture: 913 million m3 (34.5%)

Water for industry and households: 186 million m3 (7%)

Water for maintaining the minimum flow: 1,545 million m3 (58.5%)

Total: 2,644 million m3 (100%)

The distribution within the basin is shown in the following table.



15

Table x: Water demand by 2020 (million m3/year)

Area Total ... of which:

Cultivation, livestock,aquaculture

Industry &households

Environment

Upstream Vu Gia 105 95 10Upstream Thu Bon 166 160 6

Downstream VG - TB 2,081 418 117 1,545

River basin of Tuy loan 116 75 41

River basin of Ly Ly 176 165 11

Total 2644 913 186 1,545

Source: General planning VGTB report (2008)

C.3 Demand and availability

A comparison of demand and availability is made in the table below.

Table x: Water demand and availability (million m3/year)

Area Water demand in area Availability

Today In 2020

Upstream Vu Gia 80 105 7,814

Upstream Thu Bồn 124 166 5,846

Downstream VG - TB 814 2,081 950

Tuy Loan 88 116 455

Ly Ly 133 176 327

Total 1238 2,644

Availability at a 75 percent level (3 out of 4 years)



16

Appendix D: Proposed development initiatives

(Incomplete outline, for further consideration).(Note that this appendix may remain incomplete - details can be added anytime).

D.1 A Vu Gia-Thu Bon RBC

Date/revised Sep 2010

Origin/raised by DONRE

Priority High

Status Under consideration starting with some existing infrastructure

Implementation DONRE (Quang Nam and Da Nang), City of Da Nang, collaborating with other agencies

Location Basinwide

Justification Prescribed in Decree 120

Expected outputs 1) A functional and manageable RBC

2) A website and a newsletter

3) 1st annual report

Strategic relationship This component is intended as a support to basin-level management arrangements

Description Chapter 7 in Decree 120 provides guidance on how to arrange the RBC.

The following steps are envisaged:

1) Inter-agency consultations among institutional stakeholders in Quang Nam Provinceand Da Nang City

2) Fact-finding study tour(s) to existing RBCs in Viet Nam (and perhaps abroad)

3) Drafting and submission of procedures and work programme

4) Identification of members

5) RBC meetings

6) Information material, website, reporting

7) Draft policies/modalities for water sharing and dispute settlement

If so desired, the RBC can establish thematic or geographic sub-committees, perhaps withexternal participation (by stakeholders, resource persons, partners, and/or experts).

Milestones • Arrangements approved by MONRE• 1st RBC meeting held

• Agreed vision for the VGTB Basin

• 1st annual report prepared

• NARBO membership

Estimated total cost

Relation to other projects

Comments

Appendices

D.2 Surveys, knowledge base, development planning



Priority High

Status Under consideration

Implementation DONRE, Quang Nam and Da Nang; VGTB RBC (once formed)

Location Basinwide

Justification Prescribed in Decree 120

Expected outputs 1) Surveys of water availability and quality (surface water and groundwater); water utilization and wastewater generation; morphological processes; aquatic habitats; riskand exposure to flood, drought and saline intrusion

2) Recommendations on routine monitoring

3) Data management and decision support modalities

4) Thematic IWRM-based development plans, covering for example safe water andsanitation; irrigated agriculture; hydropower development; morphological management;



17

sewage disposal; and management of aquatic habitats

Strategic relationship This component is intended as a support to basin-level management arrangements

Project description The management of data and knowledge can be shaped as a continuous 'data mining'process (a bit like a financial accounting procedure), rather than a set of once-off studiesand study reports.

Satellite imagery may be included.Apart from quantitative information, the knowledge base may include qualitative information;photos and videos; and cuttings from newspapers and news items from the Internet.

Questionnaire surveys or interviews (thematic or general) may be considered as asupplement.

The planning should be manageable and preferably involve broad participation byinstitutional and other stakeholders.

The knowledge base must address the risk of land inundation caused by groundwater exploitation.

Milestones • Work programme with data catalogue, data sources and network of participatingagencies

• Database operational

• 1st thematic development plan prepared and agreed


Relation to other projects Preparation of coordinated thematic development plans will highly facilitate implementationof several other components of the present roadmap

Comments If so preferred, this component may be split into a data management and knowledge basecomponent and a thematic planning component.

Appendices

D.3 Safe water for households



Priority To be determined


Implementation

Location Basinwide - making a distinction between Da Nang City, other towns, and rural areas

Justification Safe water for households is an overall development priority

Expected outputs Tap water available to ## percent of urban households and ## percent of rural householdsby YYYY

Strategic relationship This component is intended as a support to water security in the basin

Project description

Milestones • Agreed action plan

• Phase 1 implementation


Relation to other projects Implementation can be guided by a thematic development plan as envisaged under Component 2

Comments

Appendices

D.4 Water for production and livelihoods





Implementation MARD and DONRE in Quang Nam Province

Location Central and lower floodplains of the basinJustification Agriculture is the predominant off-stream water user and will remain so in the foreseeable

future. A reliable water availability is important. There is a potential for integrated



18

development of agricultural production systems and technology on the one hand and water availability and irrigation development on the other hand.

The demand for water for production other that agriculture is increasing and will continue toincrease for the foreseeable future. Often, it is seen that the value generated (per m3 of water) is (much) higher for productions other than agriculture.

Therefore, there is an increasing competition for a finite water resource. Some pressure can

be taken off this competition by steadily improving water efficiencies for all productionsystems.

Expected outputs 1) Recommendations on development of agricultural production systems

2) Recommendations on improved water efficiency in irrigation systems

3) Recommendations on support to water user organizations/cooperatives

4) Recommendations on financial sustainability/cost recovery and benefit-sharing


Project description Improved efficiencies can be output per m3 of water; or value generated per m3 of water.Both considerations are relevant.

Measures to be considered for agriculture may include

• consultations with farmers and irrigation system operators;

• support to (gradual?) introduction of new production systems, perhaps includinglivestock, and increased diversification as appropriate;

• study visits (for owners and operators);• comparative benchmarkings of irrigation systems and water user associations; and

• technical and managerial strengthening of bridging institutions/mechanisms for readyaccess to (national and global) market information, scientific innovation, and positiveexperience from elsewhere.

Measures to be considered for industries may include

• promotion of best practices, for example by setting standards for new industries (thatcan adapt easier than exiting ones, and which will eventually gain a competitiveadvantage over more waste-prone ones);

• integrated demand regulation of water, energy and waste generation;

• implementation of licences and fees for water consumption (including groundwater),and sewage and solid waste disposal.

Milestones • Agreed action plan(s)

• Implementation of pilot and demonstration activities



Comments The component may be extended to cover aquaculture as well as agriculture

Appendices

D.5 Storage capacity





Implementation

Location Upper VGTB Basin (Quang Nam Province)

Justification A high storage capacity can improved the reliable avai lability of water for households,agriculture and production; reduce the impact s of drought; facilitate maintenance of desiredminimum flows; and (depending on the operation) reduce flood risk and flood exposure

Expected outputs 1) Scoping, priorities

2) Consultations

3) Feasibility and impact studies

4) Implementation plan

4) Funding and construction


Project description Knowledge is available about all viable hydropower development locations in the basin.Their feasibility depends on aspects that include the price of electricity, and the value of benefits other than power production (such as reduction of risk and impacts of floods and



19

drought). Therefore, the feasibility of each potential scheme will vary over time.





Expanded storage capacity is related to ongoing and planned expansion of hydropower capacity in the basin.

The component is also related to efforts to reduce risk and exposure of floods and drought.

Comments

Appendices

D.6 Morphological management



Priority To be determinedStatus Under consideration

Implementation

Locations 1) Drainage basins for reservoirs

2) Alluvial floodplains in the central and lower VGTB Basin

3) The coastal zone

Justification Appropriate morphological management can provide timely and cost effective response tovarious adverse developments, ranging from flood risk, reservoir si ltation, and damage toirrigation systems and other physical infrastructure.

Expected outputs 1) Baseline and scoping study (compiled largely from existing sources available withvarious agencies)

2) Assessment of cause-effect relationships, interdependencies and potential synergies

3) Supplementary studies of costs and benefits for specific interventions

4) Action plan for implementation, expectedly involving various agencies, and perhapsirrigation cooperatives and private operators


Project description





Comments

Appendices

D.7 Flood and drought management



Priority To be determined; some activities my conveniently be sequenced relative to Component 2

Status High

Implementation

Location Basinwide, making a distinction between upland, central and lower parts of the basin

Justification Good flood and drought management has obvious positive social and economic benefitsthat can be achieved at a low or reasonable cost

Expected outputs 1) Risk and vulnerability assessments

2) Assessment of flood mitigation measures (structural and non-structural)

3) Assessment of drought mitigation measures (storage capacity, joint management of



20

groundwater and surface water, and non-structural measures)

4) Assessment of climate-related trends and viable preparedness


Project description GIS mapping will facilitate an easy comparison of land use and flood risk.

Climate-related trends may include increased weather irregularities (erratic rainfalls, various

extremes) as well as temperature increase, related changes of monthly rainfall, and sealevel rise





Interfaces exist with Component 6

Comments

Appendices

D.8 Water quality and aquatic habitats



Priority High


Implementation DONRE (Quang Nam) and DONRE (Da Nang)

Location Basinwide

Justification A good quality of water and aquatic habitats is a social benefit in its own right, and cancontribute to revenues generated by tourism and recreation

Expected outputs 1) Baseline study of surface water quality and aquatic habitats

2) Baseline study of groundwater quality and

3) Identification of priority concerns and measures4) Action plan for implementation of priority measures

5) Monitoring and reporting

Strategic relationship This component is intended as a support to achieving a healthy river basin

Project description The baseline studies of surface waters may cover rivers, reservoirs and lakes, floodplains,wetlands and mangroves. River network connectivity may be addressed. Major sewagedischarges may be covered, as well as agricultural runoff. Health indicators may includecontamination of fish livers.

The baseline studies of groundwater quality may include solid waste disposal.

The scope for cost recovery may be addressed.

An inventory of environmental accidents and spills may be included in this component (or inComponent 9 if so preferred)





Comments This component may be merged with Component 9 if so preferred

Appendices

D.9 Wastewater management




Status Under consideration;some activities my conveniently be sequenced relative to Component 2



21

Implementation Planning to be coordinated by the RBC;implementation by DONRE (Quang Nam) and DONRE (Da Nang)

Location Basinwide, with emphasis to the central and lower parts

Justification Appropriate wastewater management is important for public health and social welfare, andis a precondition for maintaining a desired quality of surface and groundwater bodies, as

well as aquatic habitats.Expected outputs 1) Action plan for septic tank operation and maintenance with complete cost recovery

2) Action plan for industrial sewage treatment with complete cost recovery

3) Action plan for hazardous waste management (including recycling where feasible)

4) Feasibility and impact study of urban sewage treatment capacity

5) Contingency plan for hazardous spills affecting inland surface waters and groundwater

Strategic relationship This component is intended as a support to achieving a healthy river basin

Project description




Relation to other projects Implementation can be guided by a thematic development plan as envisaged under

Component 2Comments This component may be merged with Component 8 if so preferred

Appendices



22

Appendix E: 1st consultation workshop

The workshop took place from 20-22 September 2010 at Agribank Resort, Hoi An. It washosted by Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), Quang NamProvince, in collaboration with Quang Nam Provincial People's Committee (PPC), as anactivity under ADB RETA 6470, 'Managing water in Asia's river basins'. Its purpose was toreview and adjust a draft basin profile and a draft development roadmap.

The workshop had participation byrepresentatives from Ministry of Natural Resources andEnvironment (MONRE) and Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI),as well as DONRE, Da Nang City, and the Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) and the Departmentsof Investment and Planning (DIP) from both Da Nang City andQuang Nam Province. Most of the districts in the basin wererepresented. Peer advisers had been invited from BengawanSolo Basin, Indonesia, and Central Cebu, Philippines. Othguests were a Jica expert from the project 'Building Disaster Resilient Societies in the Central Region of Viet Nam' and aclimate change adaptation adviser working with DONRE, Quang

er

channels.

0 km2

.

th

logythat influences the flow pattern and the flood

in

the coastal zone, but with

ng

n brackish water) generates

workshop are being carried forward to revised documents to beed at a subsequent workshop.

Nam.The event was covered by one national and two local TV

The Vu Gia-Thu Bon Basin covers most of Quang NamProvince and the town of Da Nang. Its area is 10,40with a population of around 1.8 million people. Theeconomy is diversified and includes agriculture, industry,tourism, hydropower, mining, forestry and aquacultureEnvironmental conservation (including minimum flowmaintenance) is part of the agenda. There is a risk of boinland and coastal floods and a need of preparedness,including appropriate warning. Both the river network andthe coastal zone are affected by a dynamic morpho

risk.

e.

The development needs and opportunities vary from the upstream tothe central parts of the basin, and further to

A river basin committee is in the pipel

clear linkages regarding water resources.

A study tour took the participants to the Cau Lau Bridge, the Phu NinhMultipurpose Reservoir, and the Co Linh Dam at the mouth of TruoGiang River, a community-built salinity control structure that is notused anymore, because aquaculture (imore revenue than paddy cultivation.

The draft documents were presented, and the peer advisers sharedexperience and suggestions. Group discussions and a plenary were

held about development needs and opportunities in the basin, and guidance was provided on the draft basinprofile and roadmap. A scope was identified for better knowledge in many ways in support of the planning, for example regarding water demand and the availability of surface water and (particularly) groundwater.

The various recommendations from thediscuss

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