Port Orford Ocean Resource Port Orford Ocean Resource Team: Team:
Partnering Local and Scientific Partnering Local and Scientific Knowledge With GIS for Knowledge With GIS for
Community-based ManagementCommunity-based Management
Vicki A. Wedell, Oregon State UniversityVicki A. Wedell, Oregon State UniversityDavid Revell, University of California Santa CruzDavid Revell, University of California Santa Cruz
AAAS Annual Meeting Feb 13AAAS Annual Meeting Feb 13thth 2004 2004
Today’s PresentationToday’s PresentationBackgroundBackground Physical settingPhysical setting Management ContextManagement Context The Port of Port Orford The Port of Port Orford Port Orford Ocean Resource TeamPort Orford Ocean Resource Team
Participatory GIS Research Design Participatory GIS Research Design and Methodsand Methods
Local knowledge interviewsLocal knowledge interviews Data AggregationData Aggregation Initial resultsInitial results ConclusionsConclusions
Port Orford...Port Orford...Latitude/Longitude: 42 44 45 N / 124 29 46 W Latitude/Longitude: 42 44 45 N / 124 29 46 W
Active Tectonics Lab, OSU
www.pcouncil.org
CharlestonCharlestonOregonOregon
Port OrfordPort Orford
Gold BeachGold Beach
BandonBandon
Cape BlancoCape Blanco
Port OrfordPort Orford
Port Orford DockPort Orford Dock
Coos BayCoos Bay
Current Management Current Management ContextContext
1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act 1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act (MSFCMA)(MSFCMA) Standard 8: we Standard 8: we mustmust assess assess
impacts to fishing communitiesimpacts to fishing communities Issue of scaleIssue of scale
Pacific groundfish crisis Pacific groundfish crisis (NOAA Fisheries Jan 2000)(NOAA Fisheries Jan 2000) Quota reductionsQuota reductions 50% capacity reduction50% capacity reduction 100-250 fathom in-season shelf 100-250 fathom in-season shelf
closureclosure
Port OrfordPort Orford
The Port Orford Fishing The Port Orford Fishing CommunityCommunity Small scale fishing-dependant Small scale fishing-dependant
communitycommunity ~40 vessels (<45 feet)~40 vessels (<45 feet) 100-150 people involved in commercial 100-150 people involved in commercial
fishing (10-15% of population)fishing (10-15% of population) 40 fishing families40 fishing families
No Coast Guard StationNo Coast Guard StationDiversity of Fisheries
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
Number of Fishermen
Number of fisheries executed
73% of 73% of interviewees interviewees participate in participate in 4-4-77 different different
fisheriesfisheries
Current Fisheries ExecutedCurrent Fisheries ExecutedPort Orford Fisheries
81.8%
63.6%
90.9%
0.0%
72.7%
45.5%
36.4%
18.2% 18.2%
4.5% 4.5% 4.5%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Dungeness crab
Sablefish Salmon
Shelf groundfishLive groundfish
AlbacoreHalibut Urchin Hagfish
Red abalone
Coon Striped Prawn
Mussels
Changes caused by Mgt. Changes caused by Mgt. RegulationsRegulations
Port Orford Ocean Port Orford Ocean Resources TeamResources Team
(POORT)(POORT) Local Advisory BoardLocal Advisory Board Science Advisory Science Advisory
Committee Committee Project ManagerProject Manager Communications Communications
CoordinatorCoordinator The key to our success!The key to our success!
POORT Vision: A sustainable fishery that combines the best science and local experiential knowledge for the community to make local fishery management decisions.
From Vision to Results…Science and Management ?s
Spatial data to answer ?s
New
Basemaps Interviews
Coop. Research
Biological
Socio-econ.
SubstrateSubstrate
Fish Fish CountsCounts
UrchinsUrchins
Etc…Etc…
Existing
http://http://www.coastalatlas.netwww.coastalatlas.net
Some Coastal Atlas Some Coastal Atlas layers…layers…
1996 ODFW Fish 1996 ODFW Fish SurveySurvey
ODFW Nearshore Rocky ODFW Nearshore Rocky Reef Project (1997-2000)Reef Project (1997-2000)
NOAA Nautical NOAA Nautical ChartsCharts
Seafloor Mapping Lab, OSUSeafloor Mapping Lab, OSU
Groundfish Fleet Groundfish Fleet Restructuring and Restructuring and
Information Analysis Information Analysis ProjectProject
ConceptuaConceptua
l Modell Model
GIS GIS LayersLayers
High resolution High resolution case study of Port case study of Port OrfordOrford
Documenting Local Documenting Local KnowledgeKnowledge
Pilot interview and community
presentation
Create base maps
and interview protocol
Conduct LKI with
community members
Validation interviews with
participants
Aggregate individual maps into
draft inventory
Transcribe and digitize individual interviews
Community validation workshop
Incorporate edits and
create final inventory maps
In progressIn progress
Nautical chartsNautical charts
Fathom contoursFathom contours
Local place namesLocal place names
––focus groupfocus group
GIS base maps: GIS base maps: communication & communication & process toolprocess tool
Confidentiality AgreementsConfidentiality Agreements Semi-structured interviewsSemi-structured interviews
1.1. Demographics & vessel Demographics & vessel informationinformation
2.2. Distribution of human usesDistribution of human uses3.3. Relative economic importanceRelative economic importance4.4. Distribution of species and Distribution of species and
resourcesresources5.5. Open microphoneOpen microphone
Location information recordedLocation information recorded Drew on acetate Drew on acetate overlaysoverlays Verbally referenced place nameVerbally referenced place name Depth delineated areasDepth delineated areas
Local knowledge Local knowledge interviewsinterviews
LKI LKI ParticipantsParticipants
Average age: 51 yearsAverage age: 51 years
Average experience: 20+ Average experience: 20+ yearsyears
31 males: 5 females31 males: 5 females
33 interviews with 36 people
24 Commercial fishermen24 Commercial fishermen 2 2 DiversDivers
3 Recreational fishermen3 Recreational fishermen 3 3 BuyersBuyers
4 Recreationalists4 Recreationalists 2 2 ScientistsScientists
~50% Port Orford vessels represented, average ~50% Port Orford vessels represented, average length: 34 feetlength: 34 feet
17 owners and/or captains17 owners and/or captains
7 deckhands7 deckhands
524 years combined experience524 years combined experience
24 years average experience24 years average experience
7 second-generation fishermen7 second-generation fishermen
1 third generation fisherman1 third generation fisherman
20/25 work a combined total of over 2200 days/year 20/25 work a combined total of over 2200 days/year on the ocean, presently averaging ~120 days/year on the ocean, presently averaging ~120 days/year
Port Orford commercial Port Orford commercial fishermenfishermen
Data aggregationData aggregation Convert vector data into 30 m grid Convert vector data into 30 m grid Assigned grid cell value of 1 for Assigned grid cell value of 1 for polygon presence and 0 for absencepolygon presence and 0 for absence Cumulative totals for each grid cellCumulative totals for each grid cell Nearest neighbor analysis (6 cell Nearest neighbor analysis (6 cell focal mean) to smooth the data.focal mean) to smooth the data. Data classified using an equal area Data classified using an equal area distribution of 7 classes and re-distribution of 7 classes and re-categorized into Low, Medium, and categorized into Low, Medium, and High usage. High usage.
Thanks to our partners at Ecotrust, Thanks to our partners at Ecotrust, especially Charles!especially Charles!
Dungeness crabDungeness crab
POPO
SalmonSalmon
POPO
HalibutHalibut
POPO
High SpotHigh Spot
Sablefish (aka black cod)Sablefish (aka black cod)
POPO
BandonBandon
High SpotHigh Spot
CanyonCanyon
Relative economic importance of sablefishRelative economic importance of sablefish
High SpotHigh Spot
CanyonCanyon
ConclusionsConclusionsTo meet requirements of the Sustainable Fisheries Act To meet requirements of the Sustainable Fisheries Act 1996 Standard 8, we need to address community issues 1996 Standard 8, we need to address community issues at the community level. It comes down to a matter of at the community level. It comes down to a matter of scale. For Port Orford 150m is appropriate.scale. For Port Orford 150m is appropriate.
Local knowledge interviews are a successful tool to Local knowledge interviews are a successful tool to understand a fishing community, its resources, and understand a fishing community, its resources, and dependence on various areas. dependence on various areas.
Coupling scientific and local knowledge in GIS is a Coupling scientific and local knowledge in GIS is a powerful way to support community management powerful way to support community management objectives.objectives.
Spatial representation of human uses, economic Spatial representation of human uses, economic dependence, and species distribution can guide area-dependence, and species distribution can guide area-based management strategies including: local area based management strategies including: local area management and/or the selection of less controversial management and/or the selection of less controversial areas for MPAs. areas for MPAs.
Next Steps for POORTNext Steps for POORT
Phase IIPhase II1)1) More in depth economic More in depth economic
surveys and spatial analysissurveys and spatial analysis
2)2) Cooperative research Cooperative research projects: port sampling and projects: port sampling and genetic researchgenetic research
Future Phases:Future Phases:1)1) Develop a management plan Develop a management plan
and long-term monitoring and long-term monitoring programprogram
2)2) Examine Substrate/Species Examine Substrate/Species RelationshipsRelationships
Thank Thank YouYou
Partners:Partners:
Port Orford Ocean Resources TeamPort Orford Ocean Resources Team
Port Orford CommunityPort Orford Community
Terra Cognita – OSU GIS labTerra Cognita – OSU GIS lab
Pacific Marine Conservation CouncilPacific Marine Conservation Council
Surfrider FoundationSurfrider Foundation
Funders:Funders:
Cooperative Institute for Marine Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources StudiesResources Studies
Environmental Defense Environmental Defense
NOAA Cooperative ResearchNOAA Cooperative Research
Penny Family FundPenny Family Fund
Oregon Coastal Management Oregon Coastal Management Program Ocean Enhancement Program Ocean Enhancement GrantGrant
Data:Data: ODFWODFW Coastal AtlasCoastal Atlas Dr. Chris Goldfinger Lab – OSUDr. Chris Goldfinger Lab – OSU EcotrustEcotrust