1. Iannis Xenakis: Trained as an Engineer; worked as an engineer and architect with Le Corbusier; wrote music, and designed Polytopes installations that combined light and sound to make fully immersible environments. Writings : 1963

2. Xenakis Concept: To become a new kind of Artist / Conceptor Knowledgeable and inventive in Mathematics, Logic, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Genetics, Palentology, Human Sciences and History: Knowledge based on, guided by, and oriented toward forms and architecture music and architecture : 1971 3. Le Corbusier Years 1947 - 1959 (Age : 25 - 37) 4. Xenakis role at La Tourette? La Tourette: Designed as a Dominican Convent at Evaux Today: Centre Thomas More 5. La Tourette: windows based on musical spacing: formal movement through shadow/light 6. Links between Music and Mathematics Musicians and Analytical Geometry Xenakis and probability calculation 1970s Construction of the Analog digital computer @ CEMAMu (Center for mathematical and automated musical studies, founded by Xenakis) Computer: allows use of an electrolytic surface + a pen linked to a computer and speakers - Ability to transform drawings into sound (compare to Frank Gehrys use of CATIA to create 3- Dimensional forms by tracing a pen over a phsyical model) Music: Sound and Number Acoustics and Mathematics 7. Cite Radieuse: Marseilles Housing Block 1945 - 1953 8. Xenakis role : Calculation of Structural Members Collaborators include artist: (color consultation) 9. Cite Radieuse Rooftop Nursery construction Xenakis collaboration - 1953 - 54 10. Chandigarh 1951 - 60 11. High Court, Chandigarh: 1950 55 Xenakis Role: Structural Design 12. Assembly Building, Chandigarh, India 1951 62 Hyperbolic Dome for the Assembly lets ceremonial light enter the Assembly Chamber @ Equinox and Winter Solstice 13. Chandigarh Assembly: Xenakis Contributions: Undulating Glass Panes Assembly Building Plug form (concrete just 6 thick) The techniques developed with this construction carried over to Xenakiss design of Philips Pavilion 1951 - 59 14. Hyperbolic Paraboloid form: Assembly Chamber (note LC and Xenakis use of mathematics and physics in design concepts the Plug relates to shape of Nuclear Power Reactor cone) Chandigarh Assembly : Building Model: Assembly was Centerpiece of LCs Design for Chandigarh, India 15. Tower of Shadows: (Arch of the Equinoxs) LC and Xenakis studied the trajectory of the sun for several LC projects, including the Chandigarh Assembly Cone 16. Tower of Shadows: An architectural sculpture designed with LC to demonastrate the virtue of the brise-Soliel. The Tower of shadows created a permanently shaded space LC also planned to construct a Arch of the Equinoxes to demonstrate the path of the sun during the Equinoxes in Chandigarh. The Arch of the Equinoxes sculpture project was never built 17. Firminy : 1955 - 61 18. Firminy : Youth and Cultural Center including classrooms, 2 theaters, a library and informal meeting and exhibition spaces. Main element: Grandstand 1955 61 19. Firminy Cultural Center: Details End elevation; Entry Ramp; Window Detail 20. Philips Pavilion: 1956 - 58 21. Musical Architectural Influences: Messiaen Hermann Scherchen : Melos (Periodical) (writings on music) Music of: India, Laos, Vietnam, Java, China, Japan (Xenakis was ahead of his time: world music) Musique concrete (samples) Xenakis Musical accomplishments: Metastaseis (first original score) 22. Phillips Pavilion: 1958 : Development of Polytopes 23. Philips Pavilion: Hyperbolic Paraboloid Influences on design: Mathematics, Music, Physics, Computational Design 24. Formal Diagram for Philips Pavilion Plan 25. Philips Pavilion: Built Sound Xenakis Electronic Poem - 2 minute concert (Metastasis) between Vareses Poeme Electronique: 8 minutes 26. Investigations linking Stochastic Systems to Architecture and Sound 1950 - 2001 27. Housing project in Reze near Nantes: 1950 - 54 Faade Studies for rooftop Kindergarden Window patterns inspired by Gregorian neumes, with window distribution Following a stochastic pattern What is stochastic? What is a Neume? Xenakis, Le Corbusier, and Stochastic Pattern: 28. Stochastic pattern in windows, Rooftop Kindergarden at the Housing Project in Reze, near Nantes (former slide) This window pattern repeated in several Le Corbusier projects, And has also been used in projects by other prominent architects 29. What is Stochastic? (from Greek = to aim, or guess) - an adjective that refers to systems whose behavior is non-deterministic, and not intermittent (random). Stochas is Greek for Stick; the pattern of arrows striking around a stick stuck in a Greek hillside by an Archer in practice is the epitome of what is stochastic. Any kind of time development which is analyzable in terms of probability is stochastic. Mathematical Theory: based on the theory of probability Artificial Intelligence: using probalistic methods to solve problems, ie: stoastic neural networks. Natural Science: the model of gas filling a chamber, even though individual particles of the gas will be moving in non-deterministic patterns Physics: the Monte Carlo method: Random methods of computation and experiment to create simulations for: the Manhattan Project (hydrogen bomb). 30. Ronchamp: Use of Stochastic Window Patterns 31. Sanaa application of Stochastic Pattern (borrowing from Le Corbusier/ Xenakis) 32. Neumes Translated into Architectural and Musical Form 33. Gregorian Chant Pattern: Gregorian Neume Xenakis used Neumes to create Window Patterns (Nimes); and also as a compositional device for sound compositions Le Corbusier, Xenakis, and Neumes: 34. Gregorian Neume 35. What is a Neume? The basic element of Western and Eastern systems of musical notation. From the Greek word for breath: pneuma. The earliest known Neumes: Aramaic origin - used to notate inflections in quasi-emmelic recitation of Christian holy scriptures (chants). They resemble a similar system - for the recitation of the Quran In the 9th Century: Neumes became shorthand mnemonic aids for the proper melodic recitation of chant. Neumatic recitation was first developed in the Eastern Roman Empire (todays southern Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel). Ronchamp: Windows placed as a Neume, or Neumatic notation of a Chant 36. Polytopes and Diatopes 37. Diatope or Polytope: Galactic movement made visible Diatope / Polytope purpose: To resolve unsolvable problems related to architecture & the Mediocrity of Concert Halls not related to Music of our Time ie: the frontal position created by most concert halls Diatope: eliminate the inconveniences created by collective listening (concert hall) through immersion Diatope at Beauberg (@ Centre Pompidou) 38. Diatope de Beauberg: 39. Polytope de Cluny: Light constructions with Sound 40. Polytopes : 1950 - 1985 Immersive Environments created through Light and Sound: Polytope de Cluny 41. Further Readings: Toru Takemitsu & Mathematical Structure in Music 42. Robin Evans: The Trouble with Numbers 43. Graphic depictions of Landscape and Landscape Urbanism, presented to UC Students, Spring 2013 Sound Studies and Landscape Urbanism by Victoria Meyers architect, hMa Sound Sections by UC students, Victoria Meyers Sound Seminar, 2013 44. Flood Plain Image 45. Trash Track, courtesy of MIT Planning 46. SIEESS Diagram: Courtesy: Harvard 47. Galway County Plan: Courtesy Galway Planning Dept. 48. Galway County Plan : Courtesy of Galway Planning Dept. 49. Urban Land Institute: Deployable Modular Landscapes 50. Michael Van Valkenburgh: Campus Plan 51. MVVA: Parks Diagram 52. MVVA: Park Design Diagram 53. Sound Studies and Landscape Urbanism by Victoria Meyers architect, hMa 54. hMa: Won Buddhist Site Plan 55. Geometry and Movement: The Choreography of Spirals 56. The Concept of Edge - as interpreted through Infinity: Infinite Bleed of Edge Thru Screens 57. Sound Sections by UC students, Victoria Meyers architect Sound Seminar Course topic: study of sound urbanism/ sound ecoloty using the city of Cincinnati as a case study to investigate how changing demographics and changes to industry and labor force factors influence sound in the city Presented at UC, Spring 2013