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For the degree of Bac7telor in Medicine (M.B.) there are Ifour professional examinations. r

The subjects of the First Examination are-Elementary IAnatomy and Elementary Biology. Chemistry, and Physics. IThe subjects for the Second Examination are-Anatomy, I

Physiology, Materia Medica, Therapeutics, Pharmacology, I

Pharmacy. iThe subjects for the Third Examination are-Pathology, r

Medical Jurisprudence, Public Health, and Elementary (

Bacteriology. iThe subjects of the Fourth Examination are-Medicine, 1

Clinical Medicine and Psychological Medicine, Surgery and aClinical Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases of Women and f

Children. N.B.-It is required that at least one of the five years

of professional eoucation shall be spent in attendance at (

the University College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.Candidates for the First Examination who have passed the tFirst Examination of the Conjoint Board in England will be exempt from the First Examination of the University,except in the subjects of Elementary Anatomy, Chemistry,and Physics, and candidates who hold a qualification from arecognised Licensing Body in the United Kingdom will beexempt from the First Examination of the University, except in the subjects of Chemistry and Physics.2 Candidates who have passed the First and Second Examinations of the Uni-versity will be exempt from First and Second Examinations of the Conjoint Board. For the degree of Bachelor in Surgery (B.S.) every can- 1

didate must have passed the examination for the degree ofBachelor in Medicine of the University of Durham and must ihave attended one course of lectures on Operative Surgeryand one course on Regional Anatomy. Candidates will berequired to perform operations on the dead body and to giveproof of practical knowledge of the use of surgical instru-ments and appliances.

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For the degree of ivaster in Surgery (M. S.) candidatesmust not be less than twenty-four years of age and mustsatisfy the University as to their knowledge of Greek. Incase they shall not have passed in this subject at thePreliminary Examination in Arts for the M.B. degree theymust present themselves at Durham for examination init at one of the ordinary examinations held for this pur-pose before they can proceed to the higher degree of M.S.They must also have obtained the degree of Bachelor in

Surgery of the University of Durham and must have beenengaged for at least two years subsequent to the dateof acquirement of the degree of Bachelor in Surgery, inattendance on the practice of a recognised hospital, or inthe naval or military services, or in medical or surgicalpractice.The subjects of examination are :-Principles and Practice

of Surgery, Surgical Pathology, Surgical Anatomy, SurgicalOperations, Clinical Surgery.For the degree of Doctor in Medicine (M. D. candidates

must be not less than twenty-four years of age and mustsatisfy the University as to their knowledge of Greek. Incase they shall not have passed in this subject at thePreliminary Examination in Arts for the M.B. degree theymust present themselves at Durham for examination in itat one of the ordinary examinations held for this purposebefore they can proceed to the higher degree of M.D.They must also have obtained the degree of Bachelor inMedicine of the University of Durham and must have beenengaged for at least two years subsequently to the dateof acquirement of the degree of Bachelor in Medicine inattendance on the practice of a recognised hospital, or in themilitary or naval services, or in medical and surgical prac-tice. Each candidate must prepare an Essay, which must betypewritten, based on original research or observation, onsome medical subject selected by himself, and approved ofby the Professor of Medicine and must pass an examinationthereon, and must be prepared to answer questions on theother subjects of his curriculum so far as they are related tothe subject of the Essay.The University of Durham has instituted a special examina-

tion whereby the degree of Doctor of Medicine may beobtained without residence. Candidates shall not be underforty years of age and shall have been in active practice forfifteen years as registered medical practitioners. They shall

2 This regulation will not apply to candidates registering as medicalstudents on or after Oct. 1st, 1896. Such candidates must pass inall the subjects of the first examination.

produce certificates of moral character from three registeredmembers of the medical profession, and if they have notpassed an examination in Arts previously to the ProfessionalExamination in virtue of which they have been placed on theRegister, they shall be required to pass in Classics andMathematics. Candidates who have passed an examinationin Arts previously to being placed on the Register ayerequired to pass an examination in Latin. They will beexamined in the Principles and Practice of Medicine,including Psychological Medicine, Hygiene, and Thera-peutics, the Principles and Practice of Surgery, Midwifery,and Diseases of Women and Children, Pathology (Medicaland Surgical), Anatomy (Medical and Surgical), MedicalJurisprudence, and Toxicology. The fee will be fiftyguineas, of which twenty guineas will be retained if thecandidate fails to satisfy the examiners.

Candidates for any of the above degrees must give at leasttwenty-eight days’ notice to Professor Howden, Secretary,College of Medicine, Newcastle-on-Tyne.

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY.

Colleges of the University: Owens College, Manchester;University College, Liverpool ; ; and Yorkshire College,Leeds.

Matriculation, which consists in signing the UniversityRegister, must precede entry upon any course of study in aCollege of the University, if that course is to be countedtowards the required minimum of attendance for a degree.Those only can matriculate who are registered students of aCollege of the University.

Four degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred by theVictoria University—viz., Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelorof Surgery (M.B, and Ch.B.), Doctor of Medicine (M.D.),and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.).

All candidates for degrees in Medicine and Surgery arerequired to pass an examination called the Entrance Examina-tion in Arts, or to have passed such other examination as maybe recognised by the University for this purpose.s

Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.-Before admission to the degree of M.B. or Ch.B. candi-dates are required to present certificates that they willhave attained the age of twenty-one years on the dayof graduation and that they have pursued the courses ofstudy required by the University Regulations during a

period of not less than five years subsequently to thedate of their registration by the General Medical Council,two of such years having been passed in a College of theUniversity, and one year at least having been passed in aCollege of the University subsequently to the date of pass-ing the First M.B. Examination. All candidates for thedegrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgeryare required to satisfy the examiners in the several subjectsof the following examinations : the First Examination, theSecond Examination, and the Final Examination.

The First Examination. -The subjects of examination areas follows :-(1) Chemistry ; (2) Elementary Biology; (3)Physics. Candidates must have attended during at least oneyear courses both of lectures and of laboratory work in eachof the above-named subjects. The Examination is dividedinto two parts: Part 1, Physics and Chemistry; Part 2,Biology; and the candidates may pass in these partsseparately.

The Second Examination.-The subjects of examinationare as follows :-A : (1) Anatomy ; (2) Physiology, includingPhysiological Chemistry and Histology; B : (3) MateriaMedica and Pharmacy. Candidates may pass in A or B

separately.The Final Examination.-The subjects of examination

are as follows :-(1) Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (2)General Pathology and Morbid Anatomy. (3) ForensicMedicine and Toxicology, and Public Health. (4) Obstetricsand Diseases of Women. (5) Surgery, Systematic, Clinicaland Practical. (6) Medicine, Systematic and Clinical, in-

cluding Mental Diseases and Diseases of Children.

3 The examinations at present recognised are:—1. The PreliminaryExamination of Victoria University, provided Latin and Mechanicshave been taken up. 2. The Matriculation Examination of the Univer-sity of London. 3. The Previous Examination of the University ofCambridge. 4. Responsions of the University of Oxford. 5. TheLeaving Certificate Examination (Higher) and Local Examinations(Honours) of the Oxford and Cambridge Boards, provided thatthey include Latin, English, Mathematics, and Elementary Mechanics.6. The Final Examination for Graduation in Arts of any university inGreat Britain ani Ireland.

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Candidates may either present themselves in all the sixsubjects of examination on the same occasion or may passthe examination in two parts, the first part consisting oftwo or three of the subjects (1), (2) and (3), the second partof the remaining subjects.Candidates who fail to satisfy the examiners in the first

part must either present themselves again in the subjects asselected or in all the three subjects of the First part or in allthe six subjects of examination.Candidates for the first part of the examination must have

completed the fourth winter of medical study.Candidates for the second part of the examination, or for

the whole examination, must have completed the fifth yearof medical study.

Degree of Doctor of Medicine.-Candidates are not eligiblefor the degree of Doctor of Medicine unless they havepreviously received the degrees of Bachelor of Medicineand Bachelor of Surgery and at least one yearhas elapsed since they passed the examination forthose degrees. Candidates for the degree of Doctorof Medicine are required to present a printed Dis-sertation embodying the results of personal observationsor original research, either in some department ofmedicine or of some science directly relative to medicine.No candidate will be admitted to the degree unless hisDissertation shall have been recommended by the,General Board of Studies to the Council for acceptance.Candidates may be examined on any subjeet connectedwith their dissertations.

.Degree of Master of Sitryery. -Candidates are not eligiblefor the degree of Master of Surgery unless they have pre-viously received the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine andBachelor of Surgery and at least one year has elapsed since’they passed the examination for those degrees. The subjectsof examination are as follows : (1) Surgical Anatomy ;(2) Surgery ; (3) Operative Surgery ; (4) Clinical Surgery ;(5) Ophthalmology ; (6) Pathology and Bacteriology.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.Four Degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred by

the University of Edinburgh-viz., Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), Bachelor of Surgery (Ch,B.), Doctor of Medicine’(M.D.), and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.). The degree of sBachelor of Surgery cannot be conferred on any personwho does not at the same time obtain the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, and similarly the degree of Bachelor of Medicine is not conferred on any person who does not at the same time obtain the degree of Bachelor of Surgery. !

Subject to regulations to be made from time to time by the University Court, the University may also conferdiplomas in special branches of medical and surgicalpractice on graduates of the University in Medicine and Surgery.

Before commencing his medical studies each student must pass a preliminary examination in (1) English, (2) Latin, t

<3) Elementary Mathematics, and (4) Greek or French or German: Provided always that, in the case of a candidate Iwhose native language is not English, an examination in c

the native language of the candidate may be substituted 1for one in either French or German, and an examination in a

any other classical language for one in Latin or Greek. INo one is admitted to the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine

,and Bachelor of Surgery who has not been engaged in Medicaland Surgical study for five years. No course of lectures a

will be allowed to qualify unless the lecturer certifies that I’It has embraced at least one hundred lectures, or fifty tlectures, as may be required by the regulations, and that the student has also duly performed the work of the class. I

Candidates for the degrees of M.B. and Ch.B. must have c

,attended for at least three academic years the medical and e

surgical practice either of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, or s’

of a general hospital elsewhere which accommodates not fewer than eighty patients and possesses a distinct staff of t]

physicians and surgeons. They must have attended Clinical e:

’Surgery during a course or courses extending over not less tlthan nine months. These courses may be conducted by the 6professor of clinical surgery, or by professors or lecturers t]

appointed for the purpose by the University Court, or by e:

the ordinary surgeons of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, yor of a general hospital defined and recognised as herein- tlbefore provided, and shall consist of regular instruction at bthe bedside, along with clinical lectures. A similar course 01of clinical medicine during a course or courses extending tl

over not less than nine months is required. The candidatemust have attended a course of instruction in Mental Diseasesgiven by the University Lecturer, or by a recognisedTeacher, consisting of not leps than six Class-roommeetings for lectures and demonstrations and ten

meetings in the Wards of a recognised Asylum for theinsane. The candidate must have attended a course oftwenty-five meetings on Practical Pharmacy in a universityor recognised school of medicine, or have dispensed drugsfor a period of three months in a hospital or dispensary, orin an establishment recognised by the PharmaceuticalSociety. The candidate must have attended for at least sixmonths, by apprenticeship or othelwise, the out-practice of ahospital, or the practice cf a dispensary, or of a physician orsurgeon, or of a member of the London or Dublin Societyof Apothecaries. He must have acted as clerk in themedical wards and dresser in the surgical wards of a publichospital for a period of six months in each case ; and mustalso have availed himself, to such an extent as may berequired by the Senatus, with the approval of the UniversityCourt, of opportunities of studying at a hospital or

dispensary, Post-mortem Examinations, Fevers, Diseases ofthe Eye, Operative Surgery, and one of the two following,viz.-Diseases of Children, and Diseases of the Larynx, Ear,and Nose, and Diseases of the Skin, or such other specialdepartments as may from time to time be determined. Thecandidate must have attended, under the superintendence ofa registered medical practitioner, twelve cases of labour,or such additional number as the Senatus, with the sanctionof the University Court, may from time to time determine ;or have attended for three months the practice of a lying-in hospital, or of the maternity department of a generalhospital or other public charitable institution, and have con-ducted personally six or such an additional number of casesof labour as the Senatus, with the approval of the UniversityCourt, may from time to time determine. The candidatemust have been properly instructed in Vaccination at apublic vaccination station, by a public vaccinator, authorisedby the proper Government authority to grant certificates ofproficiency in vaccination.

Next, with respect to the places and institutions at whichthe studies of the candidate may be prosecuted, the followingregulations have effect :-Two of the five years of medicalstudy must be spent in the University of Edinburgh. Theremaining three years may be spent in any University ofthe United Kingdom, or in any Indian, Colonial, or Foreignuniversity recognised for the purpose by the UniversityCourt, or in such medical schools or under such teachersas may be recognised for the purpose by the UniversityCourt. Of the subjects of study, sixteen in number-viz.,Anatomy, Practical Anatomy, Chemistry, Practical Che-mistry, Materia Medica, Physiology, Practical Physiology,Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases ofWomen, Pathology, Practical Pathology, Physics, Botany,Zoology, Medical Jurisprudence, and Public Health-not lessthan eight must be taken in the University of Edinburgh or insome other university of the United Kingdom, or in someForeign or Colonial university entitled to confer the degreeof Doctor of Medicine, recognised for the purpose by theUniversity Court, or in a college incorporated with, or

iffiliated to, a university entitled to confer the degree ofDoctor of Medicine, recognised for the purpose by theUniversity Court.Each candidate is examined, both in writing and orally,

and clinically where the nature of the subject admits:-First, in Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, and Physics; second,in Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica and Therapeutics;,hird, in Pathology, and Medical Jurisprudence and Publichealth ; and fourth, in Surgery, Medicine, Midwifery, andIlinicaUy in Medicine and Surgery in a hospital. Theixaminations are conducted, as far as possible, by demon-trations of objects placed before the candidates. Candidatesvho profess themselves ready to submit to an examination in.he first division of these subjects may be admitted toexamination therein at the first period of examination afterhey have completed their attendance on the necessarylasses. Candidates who have passed their examination inhe first division of these subjects may be admitted toxamination in the second division at the end of their thirdear. Candidates who have passed their examinations inhe subjects comprised in the first and second divisions mayIe admitted to examination in the third division at the endf the fourth winter session. Candidates who have passedheir examinations in the subjects comprised in the first,