––––Video: The Century - America's Time From Boom to BurstVideo: The Century - America's Time From Boom to BurstVideo: The Century - America's Time From Boom to BurstVideo: The Century - America's Time From Boom to Burst

Throughout the nineteen twenties the _____________ here blizzard: bands played, liquor flowed and everyone who was drinking it was breaking the law.In the first month of the new decade the 18th amendment became the law of the land: the sale and consumption of alcohol was now _____________."There was prohibition but oddly enough nobody paid any attention to it.""You entered people's homes and served dreadful things called orange glasses, which was gin and orange juice"

Liqor was now sold behind closed doors, in places called speakeasies. Proprietors took the risks and reaped the profits."It was good _____________, I was 15 years old I was riding around in a Nash convertible, we had four _____________: one by the Daily News, one by the Daily Mirror.""People wanted to drink, it was a great game."

It became a _____________ game for the high-stakes players. Battles between rival _____________ for control of illegal liquor territories riddled American cities with mushrooming _____________ rates.Prohibition's aim was to sweep liqor off the city streets, now they were flooded with _____________ and guns."I used to carry two persuaders myself. You had to have them, or else!"_____________ and the general disregard which followed it, was the perfect _____________ for the twenties, a decade which was about crossing the line, smashing tradition, breaking _____________. As modern America came of age in the nineteen twenties boundaries of all sorts - technological geographical and social - were shattered.

The _____________ in the roaring twenties was the birth scream of the modern. America was now about to leave behind the formative experience of its _____________ past and embrace the promise of an _____________ Future. But _____________ would have its price. A sudden wrenching departure from the certainties of the _____________ and the _____________, spread by an emerging mass media: the movies and the radio, things that seem old and familiar now were just beginning to take shape in the nineteen twenties.

At the dawn of the 1920s America was clearly entering a new era, an era defined by a vast and complicated urban culture that would dominate the rest of the 20th century.The very names of New York streets would become synonymous with _____________ and innovation. Broadway would represent the best and latest in American _____________, Madison Avenue would come to stand for the bustling new business of _____________ which was uniting the nation in a set of shared fantasies and desires. And Wall Street came to represent the decade's expanding economic _____________.

Wall Street was where the _____________ was. People came from everywhere."The reason I come to New York was there was nobody there after they closed the mines in 1926. In Pennsylvania there was no money coming there. This fellow Jerry got me the first job and he said 'Come on down to Wall Street, the streets are paved with gold!'" It seemed that way too on Park and Fifth Avenues where the tycoon's lived.

The number of _____________ in the 1920s jumped _____________ percent over the previous decade. The twenties' feeling of limitless horizons was fueled by their _____________ lifestyle.

The capital of _____________ in the nineteen twenties was just a subway ride uptown in Harlem.It was in Harlem clubs that one could see the artists at the forefront of this freshened uniquely American _____________.Performers such as Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith and a young man named Edward Kennedy Ellington his friends simply called him Duke.

While Harlem seem to promise land for _____________ Americans, New York's Lower East Side was for European _____________ their gateway to the American dreamThroughout the nineteen twenties new technologies would transform daily life.

At the beginning of the decade most Americans lived without _____________; when night fell only candles and lamps held off the darkness. America was electrified in the twentie. Electric lights extended today opened up new _____________ for work and play

The _____________ seemed to me more revolutionary anyway than anything that's happened since, it totally changed the kind of space we live in really.The car would give Americans a sense of autonomy and freedom, the freedom to _____________ their city or town, to go away on a vacation or simply on a day's out. By mid-decade the government was spending more than one billion dollars

on the construction of _____________, bridges and tunnels the beginnings of a national infrastructure which knit the country together.

Roadways were soon dotted with a new phenomenon: roadside _____________.Advertising helped transform not just the physical landscape but the cultural one. Along with advertising came the expansion of a brand new consumer concept: _____________.The old inhibition against debt came tumbling down as everything from cars to clothes could be bought on time. "Buy now, pay _____________." became the order of the day. By 1927 seventy-five percent of all household goods were bought on credit.And in the last years of the decade the item desired most was the _____________.

From its scratchy beginnings in 1920 as a mere hobby radio would become a nationwide phenomenon as important as the car.Suddenly all Americans were _____________ to the same things, _____________ at the same jokes, there was a kind of communal exercise here and of very much a strengthening of the notion of what it was to be an _____________.

Along with and sometimes propelled by the great technological leap in the nineteen twenties, social patterns in place for decades also began to shift. Nowhere was

this more obvious than with the changes for American _____________. An expanding job market had given more and more women _____________ and the disposable income to do with what they wished. Throughout the nineteen twenties women would assert a new-found freedom and independence and nothing symbolized it more the 19th amendment. In 1920 after eighty-one years of agitation women won the right to vote.A woman's lot had changed in almost every way. She thought that she had the right to live for _____________ rather than for her family, for others as women were always supposed to. She went to _____________, she went to after hours clubs, she went to wild _____________, she had much shorter hair, she wore much more makeup. You go from having young women whose dresses reached to their ankles to flesh flesh everywhere. And a lot of twenties culture is about the fun of smashing prohibitions. The more daring women of the day were known as

_____________ and vamps.The puplic's _____________ with flying in the 1920s seemed fitting for a time when even gravity couldn't hold

on progress and when every boundary seemed just waiting to be broken.In 1927 one pilot would put aviation and himself on every front page in the world.On a misty may morning outside New York City a plane called the spirit of Saint Lewis was ready to take off for Paris. No one had ever flown solo across the _____________ before .Ready to take the chance this time was Charles Lindbergh, the 6-foot-2 son of a former Congressman from Minnesota. Thousands of people came to watch him take off.His flight had represented the best of an era, a mastery of modern _____________ joined with old-fashioned _____________ of courage, individualism and hard-won achievement.

The _____________ promised blue skies in the country's future. At his inauguration in 1929 Herbert Hoover repeated the common wisdom of the day that Americans were on their way to riches.

If proof was needed all one had to do was look at the bubbling pool of wealth: the _____________ market."There were no regulations as we have now, people got away with murder all the time, the government didn't bother them so they were all making money, you know, doing very well.

A boom in buying had driven up stock prices. Suddenly in _____________ of 1929 investors started cashing in their overpriced stock. A _____________ of selling started.

On October 29 in 1929, it was obvious from the opening bell that things were wildly amiss.The stock market went into a free _____________, crowds gathered in the street outside at the Exchange.At three o'clock the bell rang and that was it!More than $30 billion dollars in paper value simply _____________ that day as the stock market crashed. "The famous word: The Crash! Overnight! It was like bombs fell."The twenties bubble had burst and with it the decade's optimism.

People lost every _____________ that they had. Nobody had any pensions and there were no... there was no Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security.If people lost their money that was it, they were down and out.

New York City's Great White Way: Broadway!Throughout the nineteen twenties the nightlife here blizzard: bands played, liquor flowed and everyone who was drinking it was breaking the law.In the first month of the new decade the 18th amendment became the law of the land: the sale and consumption of alcohol was now illegal."There was prohibition but oddly enough nobody paid any attention to it.""You entered people's homes and served dreadful things called orange glasses, which was gin and orange juice"Liqor was now sold behind closed doors, in places called speakeasies. Proprietors took the risks and reaped the profits."It was good money, I was 15 years old I was riding around in a Nash convertible, we had fourspeakeasies: one by the Daily News, one by the Daily Mirror.You had the people and you let them in, okay a guy would explain who he was and he showed you ID or something and you let him in. You get to know him, he was like family after a while.""Every corner had a saloon on it. Of course we were never made in, the cops picked up that business plan. People wanted to drink, it was a great game."

It became a dangerous game for the high-stakes players. Battles between rival gangs for control of illegal liquor territories riddled American cities with mushrooming murder rates.Prohibition's aim was to sweep liqor off the city streets, now they were flooded with gangsters and guns."I used to carry two persuaders myself. You had to have them, or else!"

Prohibition and the general disregard which followed it, was the perfect symbol for the twenties, a decade which was about crossing the line, smashing tradition, breaking boundaries. As modern America came of age in the nineteen twenties boundaries of all sorts - technological geographical and social - were shattered.

The roar in the roaring twenties was the birth scream of the modern. America was now about to leave behind the formative experience of its rural past and embrace the promise of an Urban Future. But progress would have its price. A sudden wrenching departure from the certainties of the traditional and the familiar, spread by an emerging mass media: the movies and the radio, things that seem old and familiar now were just beginning to take shape in the nineteen twenties.At the dawn of the 1920s America was clearly entering a new era, an era defined by a vast and complicated urban culture that would dominate the rest of the 20th century.After World War One there was an eagerness to embrace the new and it was in America cities, most dramatically in its biggest: New York, where the modern page was born.The very architecture of the city spoke of America's new ascendency and her aspirations."The skyscraper was an example of the new form achieving a kind of thrilling scale nobility. People worked there then lived in the average small town in America."A movement to the cities that had started during World War One accelerated, in 1920 for the first time more Americans live in urban centres then in country towns and villages."The pace is being set in the cities. The city is irresistibly attractive, is really at a kind of high tide in this decade, it's a force, a magnet."The very names of New York streets would become synonymous with progress and innovation.Broadway would represent the best and latest in American entertainment, Madison Avenue would come to stand for the bustling new business of advertising which was uniting the nation in a set of shared fantasies and desires. And Wall Street came to represent the decade's expanding economic opportunities.Wall Street was where the action was. People came from everywhere."The reason I come to New York was there was nobody there after they closed the mines in 1926. In Pennsylvania there was no money coming there. This fellow Jerry got me the first job and he said 'Come on down to Wall Street, the streets are paved with gold!'" It seemed that way too on Park and Fifth Avenues where the tycoon's lived.The number of millionaires in the 1920s jumped 400 percent over the previous decade.The twenties' feeling of limitless horizons was fueled by their lavish lifestyle."Our family had a house at 9-34 Fifth Avenue when I was growing up, we had a place in Tuxedo Park, and a house in New York and then we used to come to South Hampton in the summer. Everybody seemed to be having a good time!"

"In in those days you had lots of help. You had a cook, you had a kitchen maid, you had a laundress and then you had a parlour maid, a chamber maid and mothers maid. How many does that make? Six, but I think they were eight actually. Terribly nice people!""Almost everybody had a boat. I recall in the twenties you would see a harbor filled with yahts, I mean really filled. Almost gunnel to gunnel and we didn't refer to yahts as such unless they were a hundred feet or over. There was a great deal of entertaining, it was all done in people's houses, seated in the parlours were 50-60 people. Always after dinner there would be entertainment by guests. George Gershwin was there with his orchestrated Bill Bailey, they got up and played on two pianos, mother always said two grand pianos in the big room downstairs.Gershwin, who wrote Rhapsody in Blue and other anthems of the decades was profoundly influenced by the new music he had heard in pub called Jess.The capital of Jazz in the nineteen twenties was just a subway ride uptown in Harlem.It was in Harlem clubs that one could see the artists at the forefront of this freshened uniquely American Music.Performers such as Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith and a young man named Edward Kennedy Ellington his friends simply called him Duke."Duke was the essence of what black music was all about. Everybody else was heading in that direction but Duke was there."8'58

"The first time that I was seized by the music was the first time I heard the Duke in a broadcast from the Cotton Club on Broadway, in Hollywood and parish Rub Elbows.People came from all over noon and teach to experience what was going on

Part 2

While harlem seem to promise land for black Americans, New York's Lower East Side was for European immigrants their gateway to the American dreamThroughout the nineteen twenties new technologies would transform daily life.At the beginning of the decade most Americans lived without electricity; when night fell only candles and lamps held off the darkness.America was electrified in the twentie. Electric lights extended today opened up new possibilities for work and play

The car seemed to me more revolutionary anyway than anything that's happened since, it totally changed the kind of space we live in really.The car would give Americans a sense of autonomy and freedom, the freedom to escape their city or town, to go away on a vacation or simply on a day's out. By mid-decade the government was spending more than one billion dollars on the construction of highways, bridges and tunnels the beginnings of a national infrastructure which knit the country together.

Roadways were soon dotted with a new phenomenon: roadside advertising.Advertising help transform not just the physical landscape but the cultural one. Along with advertising came the expansion of a brand new consumer concept: credit.The old inhibition against debt came tumbling down as everything from cars to clothes could be bought on time. "Buy now, pay later." became the order of the day. By 1927 seventy-five percent of all household goods were bought on credit.And in the last years of the decade the item desired most was the radio.From its scratchy beginnings in 1920 is a mere hobby radio would become a nationwide phenomenon as important as the car.Suddenly all Americans were listening to the same things, laughing at the same jokes, there was a kind of communal exercise here and of very much a strengthening of the notion of what it was to be an American.Along with and sometimes propelled by the great technological leap in the nineteen twenties, social patterns in place for decades also began to shift. Nowhere was this more obvious than with the changes for American women. An expanding job market had given more and more women careers and the disposable income to do

with what they wished.Throughout the nineteen twenties women would assert a new-found freedom and independence and nothing symbolized it more the 19th amendment. In 1920 after eighty-one years %uh vegetation women won the right to vote.A woman's lot had changed in almost every way. She thought that she had the right to live for herself rather than for her famil, for others as women were always supposed to. She went to bars, she went to after hours club, she went to wild parties, she had much shorter hair, she wore much more makeup. You go from having young women whose dresses reached to their ankles to flesh flesh everywhere. And a lot of twenties culture is about the fun of smashing prohibitions. The more daring women of the day were known as flappers and vamps.

The puplic's fascination with flying in the 1920s seemed fitting for a time when even gravity couldn't hold on progress and when every boundary seemed just waiting to be broken.In 1927 one pilot would put aviation and himself on every front page in the world.On a misty may morning outside New York City a plane called the spirit of Saint Lewis was ready to take off for Paris. No one had ever flown solo across the Atlantic before .Ready to take the chance this time was Charles Lindbergh, the 6-foot-2 son of a former Congressman from Minnesota. Thousands of people came to watch him take off.His flight had represented the best of an era, a mastery of modern technology joined with old-fashioned values of courage, individualism and hard-won achievement.

The president promised blue skies in the country's future. At his inauguration in 1929 Herbert Hoover repeated the common wisdom of the day that Americans were on their way to riches. If proof was needed all one had to do was look at the bubbling pool of wealth: the stock market.

"There were no regulations as we have now, people got away with murder all the time, the government didn't bother them so they were all making money, you know, doing very well.A boom in buying had driven up stock prices. Suddenly in October of 1929 investors started cashing in their overpriced stock. A panic of selling started.On October 29 in 1929, it was obvious from the opening bell that things were wildly amiss.The stock market went into a free fall, crowds gathered in the street outside at the Exchange.At three o'clock the bell rang and that was it!More than $30 billion dollars in paper value simply vanished that day as the stock market crashed. "The famous word: The Crash! Overnight! It was like bombs fell."The twenties bubble had burst and with it the decade's optimism.People lost every penny that they had. Nobody had any pensions and there were no... there was no Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security.If people lost their money that was it, they were down and out.

10:23him home and 2010:28am hearing that over me when after hola midnight10:31diets and everything well saved up for10:35months to get money to go after them10:38tonight person meeting 110:46and10:48a harlem was contributing more than music to America's new urban culture10:54

the world above new york's a hundred and twenty-fifth street10:57was in the nineteen twenties a hotbed of political social and cultural activity11:02was later called the Harlem Renaissance11:05the Harlem Renaissance is one of those fancy terms that white folks and then11:10and they want to take a particular look at some aspect for11:13black folks I don't think black folks run around saying11:17we don't have a renaissance assuming that the11:20it was a holiday at the spirit in harlem was born this idea11:26the new me about someone who startup company11:29well who advertised his and her contributions to American culture11:34who was proud to be black11:38problem was the and allowed11:41the promised land place where our fantasies11:45came true if I had to choose between11:51Evan other poor or all column of course would win11:56every day11:59that12:03While harlem seem to promise land for black Americans, New York's Lower East Side was for European immigrants their gateway to the American dream12:17we were blessed because we were in america my father came12:23from ukraine he went to work in New York City and worked12:29enough factory with a blocked pat's12:32men's hats and he was making12:36you know like nine or ten dollars a week working a six-day week12:40and he would tell me how he was able to buy lunch12:44everyday for 12 cents and the lunch consisted12:48are hard arm herring12:51a big small tearing out of the barrel on my mouth what is now to think a bit12:56and a big rolled poppy seeds

13:00and on on it and13:03life was beautiful13:08this wise perhaps the most mixed13:11City racially ethnically on in the country13:15it but cities all13:18country have become more important because13:21changed this century in the city's business13:26industry culture13:30you13:32nothing in this life then no just the Meiji commit13:36thing13:39the world former then should be explored13:45that 10 this one invention13:49you like this happen in shape to it summer but 3 like american the spillway13:56my anything my uncle14:00the decades startling changes would soon spread from american cities14:04to envelop the entire nation14:15far from the speakeasies and the dance poles and the night time was there was14:18another American in the 1920s14:20here people still lived as their parents and grandparents14:24they like14:32in the early 1920s this with a quad14:36easy lie14:40the14:41neighborhood14:43who hola from porn14:45the and minute when they would be14:49explosion may be imminent

14:53

Throughout the nineteen twenties new technologies would transform daily life.At the beginning of the decade most Americans lived without electricity; when night fell only candles and lamps held off the darkness.America was electrified in the twentie. Electric lights extended today opened up new possibilities for work and play

0:2310:25then search new power came first to the cities0:30by the decades am the majority American homes0:34had electricity0:37p0:41you can't understand this century without understanding0:44the effect the impact have science0:47and technology0:52of my father's generation is the one that really so amazing changes0:57he was born in 1902 world where the horse was still the main1:02means of getting about half1:09

The car seemed to me more revolutionary anyway than anything that's happened since, it totally changed the kind of space we live in really.The car would give Americans a sense of autonomy and freedom, the freedom to escape their city or town, to go away on a vacation or simply on a day's out. By mid-decade the government was spending more than one billion dollars on the construction of highways, bridges and tunnels the beginnings of a national infrastructure which knit the country together.

1:53my father took my mother and me in the car1:55for the highest bride1:59through the Holland Tunnel2:02this was opening night water costs going up2:05to go to just come up2:08are high bespoke I cringed2:12supposed to work election how did people don't2:16

como under the water which is the water and I imagine as move on for tonight but2:21I heard the way himself2:27a PAB on the sock more highways are closed a2:33is outsider log we sold the billboards2:40Roadways were soon dotted with a new phenomenon: roadside advertising.Advertising help transform not just the physical landscape but the cultural one. Along with advertising came the expansion of a brand new consumer concept: credit.The old inhibition against debt came tumbling down as everything from cars to clothes could be bought on time. "Buy now, pay later." became the order of the day. By 1927 seventy-five percent of all household goods were bought on credit.And in the last years of the decade the item desired most was the radio.From its scratchy beginnings in 1920 is a mere hobby radio would become a nationwide phenomenon as important as the car.

Young radio enthusiast albert's in linger was there3:45at the birth of modern radio in 1920 the night station KDKA3:50broadcasting from a factory rooftop in Pittsburgh transmitted the results of3:55the presidential election3:56public apart going to crawl up on my4:00gallon was reading the election returns4:03he got track show for about 45 35 or 45 minutes I4:09red Lexion return shipping nobody and any comprehension4:14are the significant overall going on of4:17don't forget there are only a couple hundred listen4:22within six months every story in America even grocery stores4:25resulting radios the4:28for Suddenly all Americans were listening to the same things, laughing at the same jokes, there was a kind of communal exercise here and of very much a strengthening of the notion of what it was to be an American.Along with and sometimes propelled by the great technological leap in the nineteen twenties, social patterns in place for decades also began to shift. Nowhere was this more obvious than with the changes for American women. An expanding job market had given more and more women careers and the disposable income to do with what they wished.Throughout the nineteen twenties women would assert a new-found freedom and independence and nothing symbolized it more the 19th amendment. In 1920 after eighty-one years %uh vegetation women won the right to vote.A woman's lot had changed in almost every way. She thought that she had the right to live for herself rather than for her famil, for others as women were always supposed to. She went to bars, she went to after hours club, she went to wild parties, she had much shorter hair, she wore much more makeup. You go from having young women whose dresses reached to their ankles to flesh flesh everywhere. And a lot of twenties culture is about

the fun of smashing prohibitions. The more daring women of the day were known as flappers and vamps.6:19sure remember flap is all over the place6:23know they were older than me butter6:27you know you look at work when you look at the flap is fully I should the6:30governor and i6:31I'll well I think a flapper with the typeof6:38have young woman who just wanted to see how far she could go and then6:43would stop because should be afraid to go to for an advanced didn't hear no6:48force you6:50people yeah6:57the shattering ways in nineteen twenties7:01city life were spread by the media to7:04rural America places where the changes were not always so easy7:09to get used7:14smokin year %uh7:16drinking no being loose with told using profanity7:20this shifted down from the cities from New York in Chicago7:25and then this for me he7:29own warning police mean by Wu7:32moody here was a good7:35come home she'd been working Chicago7:39he'd come home we show addresses I'll lay one on Wed children7:44you going to church with had shown and why don't know7:48the world7:50this time in Lincolnshire London Broil with pp7:53generation8:02this country was founded on a respectable in a sense of righteousness8:07keeping the Sabbath day and people brought their children up8:11

on the disciplines read the Scripture and all those things were8:16other things about the studio8:20the people were shot a week church8:24norm their little crime control8:37as the city's grew in size and influence many people in small town america found8:42them threatening8:43a breeding ground for new and often helium ideas8:50for8:52in one small American town the force is a traditional religion8:56and modern science would clash in the battle heard round the world9:01here in dayton tennessee in the summer of 19259:0512 the century's most famous courtroom battles would take place9:09John T scopes stood accused to teaching darwin's theory of evolution9:16that man and he shared a common ancestor9:19that was against the law %uh in Tennessee9:24the scopes trial attracted the best legal brains at the time9:28William Jennings Bryan three times presidential candidate and the christian9:33fundamentalist himself9:35came to prosecute9:39clarence darrow the celebrated Chicago trial lawyer9:42came to defend schools9:49outside as the trial progressed in the scorching summer heat9:53Dayton had itself accountable home9:56old people would bring in9:59trained chimpanzees branch in10:02solution packaging and they'd leedom up and down the street10:10bring your Bible was ever wear and tear post about Street Cross Street banners10:14you ok baby a hundred yards just weighed10:18

you have a street preacher I did you wouldn't10:21preaching to bed he'd ever sence a paper tries10:26you go the same place next next day to be sober people10:29some other partner Stacey10:32but it was hit with a lot of people joke10:37Scopes trial became emblematic everybody had to make up their mind people never10:43been to Tennessee10:44to be in fine Tennessee had to think about this question10:49do I believe in modern science10:56earn10:56at times it seemed that the whole world and converged on Dayton11:00the housework Leola malval and11:05with newspaper people from England11:08much pain from cramps we had for many newspaper people wear them11:14that you could experiment11:17there11:20when all the hoopla ended John T scopes was found guilty11:23and find a hundred dollars a ruling later overturned on a technicality11:28what scopes represented in what the world came to witness was a colossal11:33clash of ideals the cool reason11:36of Science seem to threaten the deep and abiding roots a religion11:40it was one thing to replace the family mule with the Model T but quite another11:44to trade Matthew Mark and Ron11:46for Einstein Freud and garment for many people11:50these were confusing times and what may have been the most11:54unsettling about the pace of change in the 1920s was that people really wanted11:58both the benefits12:00up the future and the familiar comforts12:03

%uh the past theme12:10they want fruit to the dentist they want awesome12:14electricians radio and the same time12:18they wanted to remain 1850 may know they cannot have box12:22and this creates psychological tension within American society12:27that is an looking for somewhere to go and it goes into hatred towards12:32immigrants hatred towards people who wasn't be different it goes into into12:38homes12:38and into the Ku Klux Klan12:44Ku Klux Klan membership soared to four million12:48in the 1920 almost everybody12:54it was a good citizen the South was a member the Klein12:58I think they were encouraging morality13:01my turn the light on13:04on him are held in the seat and on things13:07me created grady loom13:11or I'd take on the information in the baby13:14getting 2113:17they win against bill opposed to the Board but they will oppose to the came13:22from judicial in the morning thinking13:28going to people's houses coalinga ma'am13:32so p13:33with him thing make time13:37do not need cucumber shout but Alabama it was nationwide13:43I'm13:46the clan was actively recruiting in many northern states13:50my father was asked if you would like to join13:54the Ku Klux Klan he grabbed the guy by the collar and threw him down the stairs14:01

has three nights later almost directly across the street14:06there was a large cross-burning the I still can see it in my mind it was a14:13dreadful horrifying experience14:18my mother said it's just too so they're guarding the gates of hell14:22those by people who14:25who cater to our store and save the weather's they caught him 3014:30James Cameron was living in Indiana when he and two childhood friends were seized14:35by a clan inspired mom14:37in rage by reports of the rape and murder other white couple14:45many I'm on Nuketown a crowd had had the road in and14:48good on 2014:51and then leaves at a guardian it on hang on14:54his two friends were lynched14:57James Cameron barely escaped

by put a rope around my neck it's true though they know the tree0:05not Kim crime harlem I haven't done anything0:10before they could hang me out0:12arrested pictures boy back here not to do with any0:15killing parade0:17I looked up to heaven national i'd have mercy0:24I0:26throughout the decade an estimated 200 people real interest by the clan0:30this organization claiming to uphold the values and virtues in the past0:35became so powerful in the nineteen twenties that it sees political control0:41

in seven states and in 1927 klansman marched0:45fifty thousand strong down the streets0:48the nation's path clearly the forces0:52have twenties modernity have stirred bitter resistance0:55and the Manassa mauler lashed out on his own party done1:03Dublin1:07in a decade frontally so many changes people in the 1920s seem hungry for all1:12Fashion heroes1:14and an explosion in spectator sports1:17provided them1:19sports Giants became household names their1:22every move followed by radio and eager tabloid press1:26one name was known him more households1:30than any other in of family would have been every baseball1:34oriented but I would have had to be death not to have heard about babe1:39the George1:43common Ruth the baby reshaped America's pastime1:47in an era a big events he excelled at the game's biggest excitement1:51the home run he hit sixty of them in a single season in 19271:56a record that would stand for four decades1:59fans drove from miles around to see2:06used to getting the truck seven members but pay in the truck yes said I'm not2:10in in three and a half hours with from smack to the2:14Yankee Stadium2:17was 35 cents to see the baby lou gehrig2:20the ID please2:25babe ruth was a hero2:29lou gehrig's knowledge but people seems like everybody backed him as a hero2:38

we try to keep our best2:40they graciously sent his pictures tree should purchase tickets bitch babe2:46really missed him2:49feel good to be in a bit3:00

The puplic's fascination with flying in the 1920s seemed fitting for a time when even gravity couldn't hold on progress and when every boundary seemed just waiting to be broken.

once I got up about a thousand meit was like I was home3:18and I'm not an American describe it to you I was home3:23I i've never wanted to be anyplace else3:30

In 1927 one pilot would put aviation and himself on every front page in the world.On a misty may morning outside New York City a plane called the spirit of Saint Lewis was ready to take off for Paris. No one had ever flown solo across the Atlantic before six others have tried the failed and I'm the Ready to take the chance this time was Charles Lindbergh, the 6-foot-2 son of a former Congressman from Minnesota. Thousands of people came to watch him take off.

in once he was out of sight it seemed as if all-america the held its breathThe in nike stadium they had three minutes of silence praying for everybody in the country the hand Klein the fuel heavy single-engine plane was the battle against4:38whether hunger and two teams4:42for the entire thirty three and a half hour flight the Western world wondered4:46about the fader that tiny plane4:48somewhere over the past two left4:54on4:56it was a Saturday night4:58they were they hadn't heard from for a long time5:01and I was walking up to 120 to straighten someone shouted they prey on5:06them5:06it he was crying over Highland and with me.5:10an hour or so he landed in and Paris5:19hundred thousand reasons were there to welcome wish I am5:23

lucky lindy emerge from his plane carrying only a razor5:26and a passport5:32

His flight had represented the best of an era, a mastery of modern technology joined with old-fashioned values of courage, individualism and hard-won achievement.5:48Highland Park in back it was no he walked on the water5:51public couldn't get enough of a he was the starter5:57a there was no one in america Porn6:00prize your problem6:0216:06he was a hero he was amazed guy6:10was mucho used rodeos front bookkeeper6:13that was what they wanted6:17the parade remember down Broadway was the biggest national celebration sentry6:21and6:21with no and6:25yeah6:28everybody UK newburgh they be treated6:32the person that he wasn't represented it was great6:35made a big impression6:40great signing for lawless commonly6:43realize that from a young man could do great day6:47my a6:55old6:57after lindbergh's triumph there remain only one continent7:02for the airplane to Concord antarctica7:05the frozen and forbidding landscape at the bottom of the world was the boundary7:10wonder the century's great explorers Admiral Richard Byrd7:14

set out to break his goal was to fly over the south pole7:18his expedition was flooded with young and eager volunteers7:22all love them wanting to be here the at newburgh on select7:27the figure how many Boy Scouts to go to7:30poll7:31I was about 127:34and I was nominated for the guys to go now this was a big three was in all the7:39papers7:39my composure my what do you think7:44I'm gonna go to the north pole with admiral Burgess you can't go I said why7:48did you catch it does the cold on7:52I never want my cousin winston7:55human7:59Nora 120 man8:02connected with the good expedition 20-year-old Harvard student norman8:08vaughan dropped out of school8:10train for a year and was finally selected on the adventure of a lifetime8:17we stepped on land that had never been seen8:21are touch before8:23and that just excited baby8:25on words absolutely a new frontier8:31the expedition home base was called little America8:34its two-year mission was to conduct geological research8:37and prepare for birds record-breaking attempt8:41we were responsible for getting out onto the8:44interior and talk to her as far as we could8:48to be there for admiral boorda's the8:52rescue expedition should he have at a forced landing8:59

it9:03the9:08on9:16just after midnight on november the 29th 19299:20admiral byrd's aircraft flew 500 feet above the geographic South Pole9:25on9:27going to star wrapped in an American flag on9:30on9:31Americans and their airplane can reach the Thames9:35above the earth9:48by the end of the 1920s anything seemed possible9:52the most10:01extraordinary thing about the decade10:04Trinian's was pandemic10:07air love optimism10:10a feeling that the future of the country was10:13unlimited out and one of the great10:17jazz songs have the day it was10:21blue skies only but blue skies do I C10:31

The president promised blue skies in the country's future. At his inauguration in 1929 Herbert Hoover repeated the common wisdom of the day that Americans were on their way to riches. If proof was needed all one had to do was look at the bubbling pool of wealth: the stock market.

the butcher the baker the candlestick maker everybody oddly enough was in the stock market

wanna more chauffeur's was a mild11:01if he can be in the market anybody

"There were no regulations as we have now, people got away with murder all the time, the government didn't bother them so they were all making money, you know, doing very well.

A boom in buying had driven up stock prices. Suddenly in October of 1929 investors started cashing in their overpriced stock. A panic of selling started.

On October 29 1929, it was obvious from the opening bell that things were wildly amiss.

9:3011:48there was a who rumble in the ninth floor11:52when the page with the mines11:56bpm to sell orders coming out on home phone the wheels12:02really started to come off

The stock market went into a free fall, crowds gathered in the street outside at the Exchange.At three o'clock the bell rang and that was it!More than $30 billion dollars in paper value simply vanished that day as the stock market crashed. The famous word: The Crash! Overnight! It was like bombs fell.The twenties bubble had burst and with it the decades optimism.People lost every penny that they had. Nobody had any pensions and there were no... there was no Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security.If people lost their money that was it, they were down and out.

13:14people jumped of the George Washington Bridge13:17which had only just then not too long ago been billed13:21people being killed my father was13:24wiped out he13:28never psychologically he never recovered13:3329 I lost million dollar13:36what do you do same story13:40wash your face in hand call me a head start all over again but as people would13:46find out in the decade to come13:48decade is different from the 22's has nine years from day13:51starting over was not going to be so easy13:55America13:58along with much of the world faced the Great Depression14:02that on the next episode of the century america's time14:06i'm peter jennings thank you for joining us it

14:24the14:31the14:32you14:45in

Uploaded on Sep 27, 2010

2ha motion pictures0:07one of the more popular forms a preacher entertainment had become an american0:11obsession movie-goers bought $100 million tickets each week0:16equalling nearly $1 for every US citizen silent stars continue to shine0:27Charlie Chaplin Buster Keaton and Harold Lloyd0:30made silent comedies one of those popular genres with audiences0:34in0:37Mary Pickford was america's sweetheart and her husband the dashing0:41Douglas Fairbanks burned up the screen and a swashbuckling adventures0:45the 1921 film the sheik0:49introduced a new kind of overtly sexual screen star0:52rudolph valentino yet the most remarkable film event at the early0:58twenties played not on the screen0:59but in a courtroom in 1921 famed comedian fatty arbuckle1:04was implicated in the assault and murder young actors1:07in Virginia rap arbuckle was acquitted but the well-publicized escapade1:12ruined his career the scandal concerns studio bosses enough1:18beheading of further trouble by hiring an independent watchdog1:21named will hayes in the early thirties Hayes1:24instituted the Hays Code forbid among other things1:28

any screen kiss longer than a few seconds demanding movies hold true to1:32one point1:33a good guy wins want the best directors at manipulating the new code1:38was Cecil B DeMille the most successful and flamboyant represented1:43Roaring Twenties Hollywood demille embodied the new morality1:46the day his religious epic spur trade sex and murder1:51doing it in such a way that a moral was drawn appear the nineteen twenties were2:00considered golden years2:02sports in the early part of the decade Jack Dempsey continued his rise to2:06national attention2:07damn she successfully defended his title against French boxers georgie Carpentier2:12in 1921 in boxing's first million dollar gay2:16Bobby Jones dominated the links2:20winning 13 national championships in the early part of the decade2:24contributing to golf's ever-increasing popularity2:32on the baseball George Herman be ru2:36swung his way to fame and fortune originally entering the major leagues2:40ace pitcher for the Boston Red Sox the bambinos most recognized as a Yankee2:45slugger2:45he joined the Yankees in 1920 in his first season with New York2:50he pounded 54 home runs the next year2:5359 Ruth help restore baseball's luster2:56that have been tarnished by the scandal involving the Chicago players3:00accused of throwing the 1919 World Series3:03various scandals that marked the twenties contributed to the rise have3:10tabloid style newspapers3:12these papers found a willing audience hungry for anything trivial3:16and sensational the carefree attitude contributed to numerous3:24

bad came in during the day whatever the idea3:35it was new unique or exotic it was sure to become the latest craze3:40the Miss America pageant3:43debuted in atlantic city in 1921 marathon dances became the most popular3:48fat3:49and promised quick riches to any couple would be a difference to last3:53but nothing scandalized and flown to the social mores have the time4:06flappers4:11India she was the representative of the nation's4:13first met subculture wild dances4:17frivolous bad and Bob here that was boyish4:20in Carefree signaled the combination youthful exuberance4:24and rebellion the Flambeau4:27who chronicled their hedonistic band in this side of paradise4:31and the great gatsby the flapper generation found through as they sought4:36in dance halls4:37and speakeasies that's where most were introduced to the sounds4:41jazz this uniquely american music was born in New Orleans4:48and fanned out like a wildfire it was energetic4:51syncopated and filled with improvisational rest4:55jazz pioneers like jelly roll morton chetori4:59and Joe King Oliver flourished on the club scene5:02from New Orleans to Chicago in New York I kinda remember a little bit about the5:07two is5:08was already in kiddin 21 is and5:11used to hear this music all the time good records a5:15jelly roll morton the records king I love5:19and the all the bands from you all as many of them from Arkansas and Tennessee5:24

there were other bands heard them5:26but basically all the black group played for black people5:30played in the dance halls and in the honky tonk5:33and the music became very popular during that period also because5:39be wide play in the music and the5:42the music now was not only be in her5:46black it was now being heard by them5:49masses why the most during ambassador for jazz had to be the great5:54Louis virtual Armstrong5:57with this stylish cornet raspy voice in ever-present smile6:01Armstrong define the American jazz musician6:04for decades to come who is one of these people that come along we have been they6:10come along at different intervals6:12time say he6:15he was a genius Heather6:18way to play had no one ever he could play6:21probably like no one else is articulation6:24he spots who world because up until that time6:29even as had a a a love6:33rigidity to they played marches bands these guys played maggi6:38they were region has to be6:41lose in6:45Josephine Baker the living embodiment of the Jazz Age6:49up the vaudeville stage with the way to escape the poverty of her childhood in6:54wage 18 would see was born singer and dancer6:57was appearing with music field polly's in New York City a year later7:00in 1925 she went to paris to become international sensation7:05while appearing in a scandalous production called the meagre review7:08

probably just dance moves and exotic costumes7:11excited crowds all over the world as a black woman7:15openly displaying her sexuality on stage baker would have been shunned in her7:19home country7:20still even overseas she was sometimes7:23too much while some critics called her performances lewd7:27decade most considered her really a her supporters embraced and celebrated her7:32the living embodiment of the Jazz Age making her toes to Paris throughout the7:36nineteen twenties7:37no longer7:42battered by Victorian standards the twenties witnessed an explosion artistic7:46expression7:47and social commentary in america and abroad Sinclair Lewis created works have7:53stark reality7:53his novels Main Street babbitt earned him best selling status in international7:58acclaim7:59former war correspondent ernest hemingway became the world's most8:03celebrated author8:04with his top pros and works like the Sun Also Rises8:07and a farewell to arms social critics and commentators were abundant8:11but none as popular as the folksy humorist and political satirist8:15Will Rogers to silent films8:18radio and newspaper columns rogers ronny observations and gentle pokes at8:23virtually every American institution me my favorite with all classes8:27well flappers NJ8:30in the world of sports8:35the most recognized figure in the country Notre Dame's dynamic8:38head coach Rock Me he revolutionized the sport8:42

frosting football the Fighting Irish into the national spotlight8:46from 1918 to 1931 rock news teams8:501 105 games lost on8:5312 the most celebrated college player8:56was Illinois running back red grange the Galloping Ghost9:00Saturday afternoon exploits made for amazing head the Harlem Globetrotters9:08traverse the country9:10formed in 1926 by Abe Saperstein9:13the all-black touring squad dazzled the crowds with their antics and superb9:17skills9:17giving the little-known game a basketball a much-needed lift9:30at the movies silent comedies continue to entertain audiences9:34while european films influenced9:37the early part of the decade produced two classics in German Expressionism9:41FW Murnau does nose for one of the most common alternative direction cinematic9:47style9:47as an expressive were films ever made and Fritz Lang's9:51destiny in 1926 playing followed with another expressionist classic9:56metropolis a stylish in terrifying glimpse the 21st century10:00director Ernst Lubitsch established himself as a major talent10:05with his own distinct style that became known as the which touch10:09in Russian directors Sergio eisenstein one of the pioneering geniuses10:15martinson emerged is theoretical writings on10:18for a minute and beloved rank among the greatest10:22kitchen history the influenza10:26Eisenstein's series and German Expressionism10:29was accelerated filmmakers technicians and actors10:32migrated to the United States new talent developed10:36

Clara Bow was introduced to movie goers in 192510:40two years later with your movie it she became known as the10:44it girl I'm10:49in the fall 26 tragedy struck when the world's greatest entertainers10:53Harry Houdini after enduring thousands of death defying acts10:57the master illusionist died from a ruptured appendix after encouraging a11:01fan to punch him in the stomach to demonstrate his11:04reagan 1927 was crowned by another innovation win for the first time11:16synchronous and appeared in the movies al jolson11:20appearing in the jazz singer I should in a revolution change the face11:24cinema in11:27although silent films continue to be produced they dwindle11:31as the new technology advanced silent stars11:34fell from the firmament like me two years unable to make the transition11:38Clara bow's heavy accent was not pleasing to the public senior11:41John Gilbert like boys didn't appeal to audiences11:45and he disappeared along with Norma Talmadge Vilma Banky11:49and a host of other well-known stars11:59for others12:00the transition was not so difficult Greta Garbo12:04flourished as did Laurel and Hardy team together in 192712:08hell Roach the two had produced numerous silent shorts12:12with the introduction of sound they went on to become one of the most important12:16comic teams in film history12:18in 192812:21what are the biggest icons and entertainment history made his screen12:24debut12:25when Mickey Mouse start in the cartoon classics steamboat willie12:29

the famous character sprang from the mind in pain12:32talented animator walt Disney a mouse was originally called12:37modem walt's wife suggested mickey and the name stuck12:41voiced by Walt Disney himself it was Mickey Mouse12:44made audiences laugh in Steamboat Willie steamboat willie came along in 1928 it12:50was released in12:51November I think year and was the first12:55cartoon ever made was he was very complicated nobody's ever done that13:00before13:00knew how to do it in the exhorted did it all by Braille you know13:04well well I guess this is what you doing mickey mouse with an immediate favorite13:08with audiences13:09beginning a legacy animated characters the entire world has grown into law13:14animation is an interesting media me in the sense that it's about half-hearted13:19have technology13:20and world had their very very good13:23sensitivity towards both sides in that equation13:26he wanted the technology to make the art better13:30Americans were on them13:35and they went by car a middle class family could13:39ownership /url a for seven hundred dollars a Ford Model T13:44rolled off the assembly line every 10 seconds and was priced under 300 dollars13:48anyone could have one for as little as five dollars a week on the installment13:52plan Sunday driving became a national pastime13:56gas was 22 cents a gallon and car ownership14:00rocketed to over 23 million before the decade closed14:03during the nineteen twenties stock market expanded in this public14:08expectation and14:09

as optimism grew a lot more expensive cars were being produced14:15in america you had fabulous cars for fabulous people wealthy people14:19powerful people you have these fabulous 16 sonar cadillacs and Mormons another14:25splendid cars like the stray debuts in Berkeley double overhead cams and four14:29valves per cylinder and a supercharger14:31he wanted one probably the only thing rivaling the automobile14:35was radio by the mid twenties14:39Americans were buying 1.5 million radios14:42year broadcast stations with premier 30 in 192214:47to 550 in 1923 radio personality spraying14:52as the mediums popularity grew15:00bandleader Rudy Vallee cream to the delight of millions of fans during live15:04broadcasts15:05its commercial appeal quickly gave rise to advertisers15:09and networks by the close at the twenties the columbia broadcasting15:12system had seventy affiliates15:14and rival NBC had 75 with the proliferation of national magazines and15:20radio stations15:21advertising became one of the decade's growth industries15:24and took on Angeles to for encouraging the public to buy15:29and by they did everything from the everyday necessities15:33to fashionable and household appliances buying on credit became commonplace15:38for the first time one could live beyond their means

Capone

he was born and raised in these brooklyn streets a man who more than any other0:05came to symbolize a new American breed the gangsters0:08he believed to the promised land he pursue the American dream0:13and he was to set up an organization that became the template for the modern0:18he was Al Capone0:22Capone was not an immigrant but his family had come from Naples0:26and like other children from immigrant homes capone soon found himself0:30running with street gangs ollie's0:33gangs junior divisions cook home0:37and aged 18 14 use it number of two games simultaneously0:42five-point juniors in Manhattan and also0:47the shop brought one rippers in his own area of whatever you gotta feel pleased1:00in his youth capone works here in Coney Island1:03then is now our favorite weekend destination1:06for New Yorkers with money in their pockets and time in their minds1:12capone's job bouncer in a bar called the Hawthorne1:15him1:17capone's boss was a local hood with mafia connections1:20Frank you acting in the role of mentor and Godfather1:24Gayle took the young Capone under his wing Al Capone was Friday yields the1:30student starch to yet Capone was to make his name not in New York1:36but in a city 800 miles to the west Chicago1:42Chicago was a wild town a boomtown a man could get rich quick here if he had1:47energy and enthusiasm and if he was handy with his fist Oregon1:51Capone was through a local connection1:54the future big fellow got his big break in nineteen1:58

T2:02local racketeering nightclub owner Big Jim Coliseum 02:06he did a bodyguard for himself in his young life2:11janitorial was big Jim's number two he knew capone from New York and gave him2:15the job2:16it was the start of a partnership that would change the shape up america2:20organized crime2:24by the time he was 24 years old2:26Al Capone was the biggest name in gangland by then his face had been2:31marked in a vicious brawl2:32and he had acquired the nickname by which he has gone down in history2:36scarface capone became the first true gang lands are2:43he was a larger-than-life figure2:47and he made an indelible impression on all who met him2:51and Hollywood came to love capone he had all the ingredients to make him an2:55underworld star actor rod steiger played capone3:00in the first full blown film biography of the mobster3:03in 1924 toria fell victim to a drive-by shooting badly wounded in badly shaken3:09with two rackets cup o now had a shot at the big time3:15controller Chicago like other gangsters3:18he endured years have squalor years have petty crime3:22years of mindless muscle but unlike other gangsters3:26Capone had learned that honeyed words and grease palms3:29could be just as effective as the blackjack and the gun3:32it's what made him special I like to think3:36the Capone was different because he was also a multi-dimensional3:40gangster he was not someone who simply understood3:44profits and mayhem he had a3:47

some depth to him he had a public relations3:50ability he was able to attract even editors and3:55reporters that his causes report it delivering3:59whiskey to a populace that desperately wanted4:02whiskey and entertainment so he in many ways he was a very astute business4:07person4:08his instinct for public relations was the key to capone success4:13unlike the Mafia a sicilians on the operation4:17capone employed anyone with talent in ethnically divided gang land4:22it was a smart move compounded things the American Way4:27he was a byproduct immigration and the quest for the promised land