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Yb`dlkb ql VMA]J. Cbub mt }lru ijqbyj} ql tlkb lf qcb ebtq `bjunmni kjqbumj` fbuubqba lrq lf qcbt bub ql bnu d }lru nly b ib jtb jn bspjn }lru jyjubnbtt jt yb , j ni j qur } i l j kbnLvbu 1??? ImijE}qbt, Klub qcjn 52 jubjt, plybuba ymqc jn bnqbupumtb tbjudc bnimnb, kjppba ql qcb t}``jert jna ubi

Ubabfmnmni @bjunmni

7/31/2019 VIDYA Resource Base - a Glimpse

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J I`mkptb mnql VMA]J + Jkumqj Amimqj` @meuju}

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7/31/2019 VIDYA Resource Base - a Glimpse

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M cja j`yj}t llhba jq Vma}j jt j cb`p mnb ycbn M yjt abtpbujqb`} mnnbba flu mnflukjqmln. Mq dlnqjmnba krdc klub mnflukjqmln qcjq ycjq ybnbbaba, jna qcjq `ba kb mnql bsp`lumni rncbjua alkjmnt lf qcb qlpmd Myjt tbjudcmni ln. Qcmnit dcjniba jt M t`ly`} tqjuqba rnabutqjnamni qcbqurb plybu lf Vma}j. Mq tqjuqba ebdlkmni j fumbna qcjq M ub`mba ln, jna nlqln`} flu jdjabkmd prupltbt. K} fmutq eurtc ymqc Vma}j djkb mn qcb fluk lfIm`ebuq Tqujni lf KMQ jna cmt vmabl bdqrubt ln @mnbju J`ibeuj. Qcmt tb+umbt lf `bdqrubt, ycmdc yjt `jqbu ln lpbnba rp qculric LDY, mt j abfmnmqb

)krtq yjqdc) flu jn} bnimnbbu. Mq cjt grtq ebbn j klnqc mnql k} Kjtqbut puliujk cbub,jna ycjq Jgjm tmu ql`a kb ycbn M fmutq kbq cmk mt tqm`` umnimni mn k} bjut7 %Bnimnbbumni djneb qjdh`ba e} kjqc, jna kjqc j`lnb%. Qcb fjdq mt klub qcjn :??" qurb.

Vma}j kjab k} kjtqbut `mfb t`micq`} bjt} jt M cja qjhbn fr`` javjnqjib lf mqt kjqcbkjq+mdt ubpltmqlu}. Vma}j bnjeba kb ql mtqbn ql vmabl bdqrubt fulk pulfbttlut mn qlp rnmvbu+tmqmbt mn qcb ylu`a, kbjnmni qcjq qcbub yjt `mqq`b amffbubndb ebqybbn kb, jna j tqrabnqycl pjma !1???? ql `mtqbn ql _ulfbttlu Gjkbt Kjudc jq Tqjnflua. Vma}j ijvb kb jddbttql mnflukjqmln mntqjnqjnblrt`}, ycmdc lqcbuymtb ylr`a cjvb qjhbn clrut ql )illi`b) jnarnabutqjna. Jt M bsp`luba jna bjunq, mq t`ly`} ajynba ln kb qcjq Vma}j mt k} pm``ju lf

tqubniqc, tlkbqcmni qcjq M ym`` j`yj}t ub`} ln. Vma}j mt j flrnqjmn lf hnly`baib, jna tqr+abnqt jub bspbdqba ql aumnh mnflukjqmln , nlq ijui`b.

Dcjnaujtbhcju Gj}jujkj Humtcnjn

E.Qbdc # Kbdcjnmdj` Bnimnbbumni - 5??3 Ejqdc

Druubnq`} prutrmni KT mn Jbultpjdb Bnimnbbumni jq Dujnbfmb`a Rnmvbutmq}, RH

Vma}j yjt vbu} ubtlrudbfr` ql rt. Mq yjt j qclricqfr` bsbudmtb jt Mn+qbunbq jddbtt jvjm`je`b ql tqrabnqt qcbn yjt ubtqumdqba ql btt qcjn 5?_Dt jna qcb ejnaymaqc yjt vbu} `mkmqba. Mq cja j fbbaejdh kbdcj+nmtk ycbubmn tqrabnqt djn ubzrbtq flu vmabl bdqrubt jna klub kjqb+umj` fulk qcb Vma}j qbjk ln tpbdmfmd tregbdqt lf mnqbubtq jna qcltbubzrbtqt ybub pulkpq`} ubtplnaba ql. Yb mkkbntb`} ebnbfmqqba fulkVma}j jt yb ybub je`b ql fmna trpp`bkbnqju} kjqbumj`t flu lrudlrutbt jna j`tl nby jna mnqbubtqmni kjqbumj`t flu lru fmnj` }bju pulg+bdqt. Mq yjt jn luijnmtba dl``bdqmln lf vmabl bdqrubt jna bdqrubnlqbt mn j`` tregbdqt fulk rnmvbutmqmbt j`` lvbu qcb i`leb. Klub jna

klub bdqrubt ln qcb tjkb tregbdq cb`pba rt ql tbb kjn} vmbyplmnqt. Mn j ylu`a qcjq mt

ebdlkmni klub kr`qm+dr`qruj` jna ubtbjudc ebdlkmni klub mnqbu+amtdmp`mnju}, tqrabnqtnbba eb bspltba ql kjn} fmb`at #jna nlq grtq qcbmu lyn- qcjq dlnvbuib mn tl`vmni ubj`pule`bkt. Jna Vma}j yjt j ijqbyj} ql jdcmbvb trdc j vmtmln. Tpbdmfmdj``}, M ebnbfmqba j`lq rtmni vmabl bdqrubt ln Njqruj` @jnirjib _uldbttmni jna Kjdcmnb @bjunmni. M ylr`a`mhb ql qcjnh qcb Vma}j qbjk tl krdc flu dubjqmni trdc j ubtlrudb flu rt. M ymtc Vma}jiulyt kr`qmfl`a jna tbuvb qcb tqrabnq dlkkrnmq} mn j`` yj}t plttme`b.

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Vma}j J Tqrabnqt Aubjk b+Irur.Jt j vbu} pulra tqrabnq & j`rknrt lf Jkumqj, M cjvb tbbn qcbqujntflukjqmln lf qcb Bqqmkjajm djkprt ql jn mnqbunjqmlnj`}ubdlinmwba mntqmqrqmln. Ycm`b qcb mnfujtqurdqrub abvb`lpkbnqcjt ebbn jq j uldhbqmni pjdb mn Jkumqj, ycmdc tdlubt yb``lvbu kjn} dlnqbkpluju} mntqmqrqmlnt, M fbb` qcjq qcb tmni`b`juibtq mnf`rbndb qcjq dcjniba qcb `bjunmni jqqmqrab lf tqr+abnqt yjt mnmqmjqba e} Vma}j qcb b+@bjunmni ubpltmqlu} lf

Jkumqj. Ycbn M yjt j tqrabnq #5??5- Vma}j yjt mn Cbu f`bai+`mni tqjib #dlkpjuba ql ycjq Tcb mt nly-, erq bvbn qcbn Tcb

yjt k} tjvmlru flu 5 lf k} fmnj` }bju b`bdqmvbt #FBK & Kbdcjqulnmdt-. Vma}jflu kb yjt jn mntpmujqmln jna irmab ql k} frqrub lf lppluqrnmqmbt, qbjdcmnikb qcb bttbnqmj`t lf bnimnbbumni, kjnjibkbnq, pcm`ltlpc}, crkjnmqmbt, tpmum+qrj`mq}, jna dubjqmvmq} j`` djptr`ba ymqcmn j klrtb+d`mdh. Ymqcmn j dlrp`b lf}bjut Vma}j cjt dcjniba jdjabkmd jqqmqrabt lf tqrabnqt fulk qcjq lf ulrqmnbbardjqmln ql kbjnmnifr` `bjunmni jna cl`mtqmd abvb`lpkbnq7 qcb `jqqbu ebmniqcb jdqrj` prupltb lf qcb flukbu. Vma}j qujntdbnat eb}lna qbjdcmni tregbdqt,flu Tcb irmabt tqrabnqt cly ql @bjun.

Nlycbub b`tb dlr`a M cjvb ilq ql kbbq Dcjnjh}j, Ltdju Tdcmna`bu, Bmntqbmn,_jqjngj`m, Bayjua ab Elnl, Gjdh Yb`dc, _ulf. Kjudc, Tum Ijnacm, UmdcjuaFb}nkjn jna Jkkj, lvbu lnb tmni`b qje`b* Jna mkjimnb juumvmni jq j dlnf`r+bndb lf qcbmu mabjt jna dlnqbkp`jqmni lvbu qcbk< Qcjqt bsjdq`} ycjq Vma}jkjab kb al7 Qcmnh. Erq, qcjq mt qcb plybu lf Vma}j, tclymni }lr qcb euljabujtpbdqt lf `bjunmni jna imvmni }lr jn lppluqrnmq} ql jttmkm`jqb ymqcmn. Tcbyjt #mt- qcb ijqbyj} lf jddbtt ql jn} pbutlnj`mq} M yjnqba ql `bjun jelrq,jna Ltdju Tdcmna`bu yjt j iubjq mnf`rbndb ln k} dlndbpqt lf bqcmdt jnakluj`mq}. Nlycbub b`tb dlr`a M cjvb mkjimnba ql kbbq Tdcmna`bu*

Qlaj}, M fmna qcjq tqrabnqt jub mn j iubjqbu pjdb qcjn yb ybub, erq tqm`` fmnamnimq cjua ql hbbp rp ymqc Vma}j. Fulk qcb `jqbtq vmabl `bdqrubt ql iulrna eubjh+mni tdmbnqmfmd mnvbnqmlnt, Vma}j cjt klub ql lffbu qcjn qcb tqrabnqt dlr`a plt+tme`} yjnq. Erq M jk mkkbntb`} cjpp} qcjq tqrabnqt cjvb fr``} ubj`mtba qcbmnamtpbntjem`mq} lf Vma}j jna jub yluhmni qlibqcbu ql ubabfmnb qcb puldbtt lf`bjunmni. Vma}j, mn kjn} yj}t, cjt pltmqmvb`} mnf`rbndba qcb pbbu elnamniymqcmn Jkumqj. Qlaj}, tqrabnqt tqj} ejdh arumni vjdjqmlnt ql bngl} qcb je+tl`rqb e`mtt lf bjunmni qculric Vma}j, flu qcb frn lf mq #prupltb ym`` fl``ly`jqbu*-. Jt puleje`} qcb kltq fubzrbnq`} vmtmqmni j`rknrt lf Bqqmkjajm djkprt,M cjvb ebbn je`b ql ymqnbtt qcb tm`bnq qujntflukjqmln mn qcb tqrabnqt `bjunmniklab, ibqqmni cbj`qcmbu bvbu} klnqc, jt fruqcbu dlnfmukba qculric k} mnqbu+jdqmln ymqc qcbk. Vma}j cjt qlrdcba jna dcjniba `mvbt jq Bqqmkjajm, jna Tcbym`` dlnqmnrb ql irmab ibnbujqmlnt lf tqrabnqt ql dlkb.

Jt j triibtqmln M ylra ubzrbtq bvbu} abpjuqkbnq ql dlnardq jn lumbnqjqmlntbttmln ql mqt fmutq }bju tqrabnqt, ql jdzrjmnq qcbk yb`` mn javjndb ymqc qcbubtlrudb pll` lf Vma}j. Jna, Vma}j cjt ql ebdlkb j ubir`ju pjuq lf qbjdcmniqll, flu Tcb djn eumni qcb Kjtqbut ql qcb d`jttullkt. Qcmt ym`` tbq qcb tqr+abnqt mn pjdb ql imvb j cbja tqjuq ql qcbmu `bjunmni puldbtt. Jt j`rknm, ybylr`a eb mkkbntb`} cjpp} jna clnlruba ql dlnqumerqb mn jn} jtpbdq, qlcjvb lru Vma}j iulymni.

Vma}j

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H. Tumnmvjtj Vjujacjn,

Kbdcjnmdj` Bnimnbbumni, 5??4 ejqdc, J`rknm _ubtmabnq 5??1+5??2, 5??2+5??6.Flukbu Qbdcnl`li} Dlntr`qjnq ql Arn& Eujatqubbq, @lnaln

Druubnq`} Mnqbunjqmlnj` KEJ Tqrabnq jq Njqmlnj` Rnmvbutmq} lf Tmnijplub.

Tumnmvjtjn Gjnjuqcjnjk mt j RHMBUM _c.A. Tdcl`ju mn Mnflukjqmdt jq Qcb Rnm+

vbutmq} lf Bamneruic. Cmt mnqbubtqt jub Tplhbn Amj`lirb T}tqbkt, Njqruj` @jnirjib_uldbttmni jna Juqmfmdmj` Mnqb``mibndb. Cb cjt jn K.Td mn Mnqb``mibnq T}tqbkt abiubbfulk qcb Rnmvbutmq} lf Trttbs jna E.B abiubb fulk Jkumqj Tdcll` lf Bnimnbbumni qcbnrnabu Ecjujqcm}ju Rnmvbutmq}. _ubvmlrt`}, cb tbuvba jt j Ubtbjudc Jttldmjqb jq qcb

Jkumqj Rnmvbutmq}

Dcjnaujtbhcju Gj}jujkj Humtcnjn

E.Qbdc # Kbdcjnmdj` Bnimnbbumni - 5??3 ejqdc

Druubnq`} prutrmni KT mn Jbultpjdb Bnimnbbumni jq Dujnfmb`a Rnmvbutmq}, RH

Vma}j.

M djkb ql hnly jelrq

Vma}j mn k} fmutq }u, fmutq

ybbh rn mhb k} lqcbu

fumbnat. M irbtt M yjt

`rdh}, ebdjrtb qcjq

aj} mq yjt lru fmutq je

jna qcb kjdcmnb ln

ycmdc M tjq cja qcb Vma}j pjib lpbn.

Jq qcjq qmkb Vma}j `llhba mhb j kbnr,

`llht ymtb nlq qcjq jppbj mni erq dln+

qbnq ymtb qll illa. Qcjq aj} yb grtq

eulytba qculric qcb fmicqbu p`jnb tbd+

qmln. Mq yjt jkjwmni, jna yb j`yj}t

djkb ejdh flu klub. Erq nlnb lf rtjdqrj``} hnby cly ql jdqrj``} rtb mq, lu

`bqt tj} ycbub ql rtb mq. M amanq hnly

qcjq tlln M ylr`a eb lnb lf qcb iubjq+

btq rtbut lf Vma}j.

Qmkb pjttba. Fmutq }bju, tbdlna }bju

jna nly qcmua }bju. Fulk jn bnimnbbu+

mni fubtcbu M ebdjkb j qbdcmb j`yj}t

crniu} flu mnflukjqmln, vmablt pjpbut

jna b+ellht. Jna qurtq kb M ybnq ln+

`mnb flu nlnb lf qcbtb. Bvbu}qcmni yjt

qcbub mn Vma}j. J` M nbbaba ql al yjt

fmna mq, ycmdc yjt yj} bjtmbu qcjq

illi mni ln mnb. M j`yj}t yumqb ycjq+

bvbu M nbba ln DA lu AVA. Nly M cjvb

j juib dcrnh lf b+ellht flu k} pbu+

tlnj` ubfbubndb jna dl``bdqmln tqluba mn

k} cjua amth. Jna arumni qcmt pbumla

bvbn Vma}j dcjniba mn jppbjujndb

jna tmwb.

Lru dl``bib mt e`bttba ql cjvb tlkb+

qcmni mhb Vma}j. Qcb ubtlrudb jvjm`je`b

mn Vma}j mt tlkbqcmni ycmdc M ym`` vbu}

krdc kmtt jfqbu M pjtt lrq fulk dl`+

`bib. M bna e} tqjqmni lnb tmkp`b fjdq.

Klnb} albtnq kjhb j tqrabnq umdc,

hnly`baib albt.

Ujgbtc Ujgjn E.Qbdc # Kbdc-5??3 ejqdcDruubnq`} prutrmni KT mn JbultpjdbBnimnbbumni jq Rnmvbutmq} lf _mtj, Mqj`}

& Jbultpjdb Rnmvbutmq} jq Qlr`lrtb,Fujndb

Tqra} @ldj``}, @bjun I`lej``}

Ql Mnfluk, Mntpmub jna Mnnlvjqb

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VMA]J mt jn mkpbujqmvb pjuq lf bvbu} Jkumqjmqbt tqr+

abnq `mfb jna vbu} krdc j pjuq lf qcb Jkumqj qujamqmln

jt bardjqmlnj` mntqmqrqmln.

Lnb lf qcb ebtq bvbu fbjqrubt lf lru rnmvbutmq} mt qcmt Kr`qm

Qbuj E}qb vmuqrj` `meuju} abtminba ymqc j vmtmln lf dlkp`b+kbnqmni j tqrabnq)t dlkp`bqb bjunmni puldbtt. Vma}j mt jn

bsdbpqmlnj ubtbuvlmu lf bdqrubt jna pubtbnqjqmlnt fulk

pubtqmimlrt rnmvbutmqmbt jna luijnmwjqmlnt fulk jdultt qcb

i`leb flu qcb tl`b prupltb lf bspjnamni j tqrabnqt hnly`+

baib ejtb ql krdc klub qcjn ycjq mt alnb mn d`jttullkt

jna meujumbt ql pubpjub qcbk flu qcb dlkpbqbnq jqkltpcbub qcb} ym ` cjvb ql

fjdb jq bvbu} plmnq lf qcbmu djubbu mfb.

M cjvb ebbn ebnbfmqqba e} mq umicq fulk qcb vbu} fmutq }bju lf k} jdjabkmd

qbnrub jq Jkumqj. Eb mq tbkmnju qlpmdt, lu ubtlrudbt flu kmnm pulgbdqt, vmabl

`bdqrubt lf ubnlynba tdmbnqmtqt lu grtq `bmtrub ubjamni flu clee}mtqt Vma}j

cjt mq j``.

M pjuqmdr`ju`} yjt ebnbfmqqba e} qcb %Cly tqrff yluht% tbdqmln jna qcb vjumlrt

dl`rknt lf mnflukjqmln ln amvbutb fmb`at mn b`bdqumdj` bnimnbbumni. Qcb mnqbu+

vmbyt jna dlnvbutjqmln tbdqmln qculyt micq ln qcb tlkb lf qcb vbu} mntpmuj+

qmlnj` jddlkp`mtckbnqt e} bkmnbnq pbutlnj`mqmbt. Qcb tpmumqrj`mq} jna

pcm ltlpc} tbdqmln imvbt j abbp mntmicq mnql qcb pcm ltlpc} ebcmna Wbn Era+

acmtk #ycmdc M pjuqmdr`ju`} ubja- ebtmabt qcjq lf qcb Ecjijvja Imqj #qcjq M fl`+

`ly-. M cjvb nl rndbuqjmnqmbt jelrq qcb tminmfmdjndb lf Vma}j mn bvbu} tqrabnqt

`mfb nly lu mn frqrub.

Qcb bffluq qjhbn ql eumni mnql bsmtqbndb trdc j p`bqcluj lf hnly`baib jna mn+

flukjqmln mnql qcb vmuqrj` ylu`a qcjq mt jddbttme`b e} j`` tqrabnqt lf Jkumqj mt mn+

abba dlkkbnaje`b jna abtbuvbt krdc jppubdmjqmln fulk j` lf qcb tqrabnqt.

Jna M pjuqmdr`ju`} yjnq ql qcjnh qcb kjtqbukmna ebcmna qcmt bjunbtq jna qum+

rkpcjnq bnabjvlru, Jgjm Tmu, flu cjvmni imvbn rt qcmt ylnabufr` lppluqrnmq} ql

ebnbfmq fulk qcmt. J`` hralt ql Tmu flu kjhmni qcmt cjppbn jna qcb ebtq ymtcbt

ql qcb Vma}j qbjk ql dlnqmnrb qcb nle`b yluh lf tpubjamni hnly`baib. Qcb

djpqmln dcltbn flu qcb Jkumqj Amimqj` @meuju}+ Ql Mnfluk, Mntpmub jna Mnnlvjqb

dlr`anq cjvb ebbn jn} ebqqbu jt mq dlnvb}t grtq ycjq mq mkp`bkbnqt.

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#Jkumqj Tdcll` lf Bnimnbbumni, E.Qbdc # BBB - , 5??3 ejqdc

Druubnq`} prutrmni Kjtqbut mn B`bdqumdj` Bnimnbbumni jq Rnmvbutmq} lf Qbsjt

jq Ju`mniqln, RTJ.

J Kr`qm Rnmvbutmq} @bjunmni Bspbumbndb ymqcmn j kr`qm amtdmp`m

nju} , kr`qm djkprt t}tqbk ... J`` yluat lf pujmtb jub mntrffmdmbnq flu qcmtiubjq jna jkjwmni vbnqrub elun mn qcb kmna

lf lnb lf qcb qur`} iubjqbtq dubjqmvb jna mntpm+

ujqmlnj` qcmnhbu M cjvb kbq qm`` ajqb. Ql qj`h

jelrq Vma}j ymqclrq qj`hmni jelrq Jgjm Tmu, mqt

dubjqlu mt mqbuj``} mhb qj`hmni jelrq j dcm`a

ymqclrq jn} kbnqmln lf qcb klqcbu ycl djubt

flu mq tl abbp`}.

Vma}j yjt dubjqba mn j tkj`` je ymqc lnb

pbutln jna lnb t}tqbk. Mq mt qurb qcjq iubjq

mabjt ejdhba e} pjttmln, qbnjdmq} jna jelvb

j` j ym ` ql al tlkb iubjqbu illa ql qcb pblp`b j`yj}t trddbba.

Trdc yjt Vma}j.

Illi`b cjt qcmt mnqbubtqmni kmttmln7 Ql kjhb qcb mnflukjqmln lf qcb

ylu`a rnmvbutj``} jvjm`je`b jna jddbttme`b #lu tlkbqcmni ql qcjq

bsqbnq-. M j`yj}t qclricq qcjq Jgjm Tmu cja qcmt tmkm`ju vmtmln. Lnbnqbumni qcb ybetmqb }lr ebdlkb bnijiba jna tpb` elrna e} mqt

abpqc jna vjtqnbtt. ]lr dlr`a mqbuj``} fmna bvbu}qcmni ln bvbu}+

qcmni. JramlVmabl bdqrubt, nlqbt, tdumee`bt, qj`ht, _AFt, ellht

qcb} jub j`` qcbub. Nlq grtq dlkprqbu tdmbndb jna mnflukjqmln qbdc+

nl`li} erq ln kjnjibkbnq, tpmumqrj mq}, ibnbuj` qj`ht, klqmvjqmlnj`

jna mntpmujqmlnj` qclricqt, bvbu}qcmni. Mq yjt `mhb Jkumqj Vmtcyj

Vma}jpbbqcjkt Illi`b. Ila hnlyt cly kjn} nmicqt jna cly

krdc tybjq ylr`a cjvb ilnb ql kjhb qcmt dlkb qurb.

M yjt rdh} ql kbbq Jgjm Tmu vbu} bju`}8 j`kltq jt tlln jt M glmnba

dl` bib. M yjqdcba cmk d`ltb`} yluh ln cmt eje} ebflub M djkb

jdultt mq. M yjt djricq e} cmt bnqcrtmjtk, cmt yb`` eubbamni jna

cmt iubjq jna vjtq ibnbuj` hnly`baib. M yjt `llhmni lrq flu tlkb

mnflukjqmln jna qclricq M ylr`a cjvb ql tpbna j nbuvb ujdhmni

tbjudc ln Illi`b erq j` cb ama yjt il ql Vma}j jna ymqc j fby

d mdht tclyba kb ycjq M yjnqba. M yjt qcbn `bfq ln k} lyn jna M

tqjuqba bsp`lumni jna nbvbu tqlppba flu qcb nbsq flru }bjut.

Qculric Vma}j, M bjunq ql ibq ql mnql qcb kmnat lf `bjabut, M djkb

ql hnly klub jelrq ylu`a cmtqlu} jna dr`qrub, M flrna lrq qcjq

kjnjibkbnq yjt j ylu`a abbpbu jna umdcbu qcjn qcb lnb M kjab mq

lrq ql eb

M flrna gl} mn yjqdcmni Qcb Ymniba Kmiujqmln, qcb tqlu} ebcmna

qcb Ebukraj Qumjni`b, `bjunmni jelrq qcb crkjn kmna jna ela}

M dlr`a ubja jna mvb Jtqulnlk}, k} dcm aclla pjttmln jna Jgjm

Tmut qll

Ln pjttmni lrq lf dl` bib qcb lnb qcmni qcjq bvbu} tqrabnq ama yjt

qjhb j ejdhrp lf Vma}j. Qcb} hnby qcjq qcb} ylr`a nbvbu ibq j

tretqmqrqb. M ama qcb tjkb qll. Ql trkkjumwb Vma}j mt bvbu} tqr+

abnqt aubjk tbjudc bnimnb drk aubjk ajqjejtb lf ubtlrudbt.

@lni mvb Vma}j jna Jgjm Tmu. Ila E`btt*

_um}jnhj Kj`hjn, E.Qbdc # DTB- 5??9 Ejqdc,

_uliujkkbu Jnj}tq, KmnaQubb @qa. Ejnij`lub

Mn qcmt ylu`a lf hnly`baib bnumdckbnq jna mnnlvjqmln mq mt

mkpluqjnq flu bvbu} tqrabnq ql amvbutmf} qcb tdlpb lf bjunmni.

Qcb qujamqmlnj` d`jttullk bjunmni mt grtq nlq bnlric ql kbbq

qcb abkjnat lf qcb pubtbnq buj. Ycjq tqrabnqt nbba mt ycjq

qcb qji`mnb lf VMA]J tj}t + )Tqra} `ldj``}, @bjun i`lej``}).

Ycm`b d`jttullkt jna qbsqellht djn ibq rt qcb jabzrjqb mn+

flukjqmln ql ibq mnql j kbamldub djubbu, ql kjhb j amffbubndb

mn mq jna ql mnnlvjqb yb nbba ql tqbp eb}lna qbsqellht jna `bjun fulk

vjumlrt ubtlrudbt. Qcmt mt bsjdq`} ycjq VMA]J pulvmabt qcb tqrabnq dlk+

krnmq} cbub + J `bjunmni eb}lna qbsqellht.

_butlnj``}, M cjvb ebnbfmqqba j lq fulk qcb b+ellht jna vmabl `bdqrubt mn

VMA]J. Erq flu cbu M ylr`a nlq cjvb ebbn je`b ql kjmnqjmn qcb dlntmtqbnq

= plmnqt. Tcb cjt cb`pba kb tymk qculric qcb dlndbpqt lf nbqyluhmni,

Gjvj, ymub`btt nbqyluht, bqd. Qcb vmabl bdqrubt lf Gmk hrultb mn nbq+

yluhmni abtbuvbt tpbdmj` kbnqmln cbub.

Nlq ln`} al yb ibq qcb ubzrmuba bsquj mnfl cbub, erq yb ibq ql hnly qcb

jdjabkmd pbutpbdqmvb & tdlpb, druumdr`rk jna qbjdcmni kbqclal`limbt

lf j nrkebu lf flubmin rnmvbutmqmbt qculric qcb KMQ+LDY, Tqjnflua bd+

qrubt, bqd. Qcmt mnabba cb`pt rt euljabn lru pbutpbdqmvb lf bardjqmln

jna cb`pt rt cjvb j tkllqc qujntmqmln ycbn yb klvb flu pltq iujarj+qmln lrqtmab Mnamj.

Jnlqcbu mkpluqjnq dlndbpq mt qcb mnqbu+amtdmp`mnju} jppuljdc ql bnimnbbu+

mni. Vma}j mt qcb dlkkln p`jdb j tqrabnq mn DTB ylr`a vmtmq ycbn

cbtcb cjt ql al j pulgbdq mnvl`vmni qcb qbdcnmdj`mqmbt lf Kbdcjnmdj` bnim+

nbbumni. J`tl tcb cjt tclyn kb jvbnrbt ql j`qbunjqb djubbu pjqct. Erq

flu qcb ellht ln tqjqmtqmdt jna pulejem`mq} mn VMA]J M ylr`an)q cjvb ub+

j`mtba k} qurb mhmni jna jpqmqrab flu fmnjndb.

Ycm`b cb`pmni rt lrq ymqc jdjabkmdt, Vma}j j`tl lffbut rt j ymab ujnib

lf ellht jna jraml ellht flu lru bmtrub.Nly ycbub b`tb al yb fmna j``

qcb yb`` hnlyn jrqclut mn lnb p`jdb*Ycm`b eulytmni qculric qcb ubpltm+

qlumbt yb fmna kr`qmp`b ellht qcjq mnqbubtq rt jna yb bsp`lub mnql qcbk

jna qcmt mn j yj} bspjnat lru hnly`baib clumwln qcrt bn`micqbnmni qcb

minlujndb qcjq mbt ymqcmn rt. Ymqc pjttmni }bjut tcb pulardbt kr`qmp`b

eujndcbt jna tqubniqcbnbt qcb bsmtqmni lnbt ycm`b abbp`} ullqba mn cbu

vmtmln lf tbuvmni qcb tqrabnq dlkkrnmq} mn qcbmu bnabjvlrut flu j trddbt+

fr` djubbu. Tcb mt mnabba j kbnqlu + irmamni tqrabnqt qcb umicq yj}.

Bjdc }bju qcb nby tbq lf tqrabnqt bscmemq iubjqbu plqbnqmj`, bnqcrtmjtk

jna vmilru8 nlq ln`} ql trddbba erq ql kjhb j amffbundb qll. M)k trub

Vma}j ym`` irmab qcbk jna lpbn nby jvbnrbt ql qcbk jt tcb ama ql kb.

Vma}j mt mnabba j )rnmzrb) elln ql Jkumqj.

Hlqcjm pum}jajutcmnm, E.Qbdc # DTB - , Fmnj` ]bju # 5??3 ejqdc -

Bsqubkb`} illa yluh. M ilq lq lf bjunmni kjqbumj`t jna vmabl

`bdqrubt flu k} ubtbjudc jna d`jtt yluh jt yb``. Mq imvbt j fbb` lf

tmqqmni ln j kr`qm+rnmvbutmq} nbqyluh. Cjqt lff ql r jna ru qbjk.

Yb ubj``} bngl} %Vma}j pulgbdq% j lq.

Ejer Abvjtbnjpjqm.T

Jttq. _ulfbttlu,

Abpjuqkbnq lf Kbdcjnmdj` Bnimnbbumni.

5

Vma}j cjt tclyba kb ycjq mt lrq qcbub mn qcb ylu`a lf

qbdcnl`li}. M ylr`a cjvb nbvbu bjunba kjn} qcmnit ymqclrq

Vma}j. Lymni ql qcb vjumbq} lf jubjt qcjq Vma}j tpjn, dultt+

dlnqbsqrj` `bjunmni j`tl cjppbnba. Mq mt qcb bjtb lf jddbtt

qcjq kjhbt Vma}j tpbdmj`, mq mt d`bju`} jn luijnmwba amimqj`

judcmvb, mqt nly tbjudcje`b j`tl. Cjvmni Vma}j, M)a nbvbu

cjvb ql ylnabu cly puliujkkmni lu ulelqmdt yjt qjricq mn

Tqjnflua, mqt j`` judcmvba cbub mn vmablt jna pubtbnqjqmlnt. Krdc lf ycjq M

tqrke`ba rpln mn Vma}j cjt bspltba kb ql bjun tlkbqcmni nby bvbu}

qmkb.Rqm`mwmni Vma}j ymqc k} dl``bib bardjqmln cjt dbuqjmn`} kjab j emi

amffbubndb.

Nmvjtc Hrkju, E.Qbdc # MQ- 1qc ]bju # 5??3 ejqdc -

NMvjtc dlnfmiruba qcb tbjudc bnimnbjna e`li pluqj` flu Vma}j

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VMA]J + Fbbaejdh

VMA]J, qcb hnly`baib judcmvb cja mnf`rbndba kb tl krdc jq Jkumqj btpbdmj``} arumni qcb

pcjtb ycbn m yjt j Ubtbjudc tdcl`ju. VMA]J pulgbdq tmkp`mfmba qcb bardjqmln puldbtt e}

mqt rnmzrb jn}qmkb+jn}ycbub yjqdc jna `bjun jppuljdc. Lnb nbbaba ql p`rimn cmt bju+

pclnbt jna vlm`j qcbub ilbt KMQ LDY d`jttbt ln qcb qlpmd lf dclmdb.

Hb} b`bkbnqt mn ubtbjudc yjt mnflukjqmln jna kr`qmamtdmp`mnju} tqrambt nbbaba j `lqklub. Vma}j judcmvb yjt lnb qlrdc jyj} `meuju} qcjq lnb ylr`a pubfbu qcjq kltq

lqcbu flukt lf mnfl amttbkmnjqmln. Qcbub ybub klnqct ycbn m dlr`a jvlma urnnmni julrna

ql tbjudc jq qcb kjmn `meuju}. Ebtmabt tdmbndb, mq ymabnba k} hnly`baib ln qcb jndmbnq

jna druubnq dr`qruj` vj`rbt qcjq lru dlrnqu} cjt ebbn umdc lf ebtmabt j``lymni kb ql ub`js

ymqc mqt dl``bdqmlnt lf djuqllnt jna yumqmnit ln vjumba qcbkbt.

VMA]J klqmvjqba k} ilj`t ql prutrb dlkprqjqmlnj` nbrultdmbndb jna kjn} qcjnht ql qcb

VMA]J, m cl`a j _cA ln qcjq qlpmd lf k} dclmdb. M yjt ubdbnq`} ql`a mq cjt iulyn ql j fby

qbuje}qbt jna bvbn qclric fju jyj} m ymtc ql amvb mnql VMA]J tlkb aj} tlln ycbn m djn

vmtmq k} i`lumlrt JKUMQJ djkprt.

Tc}jk Amyjhju Krhrnajnrnn} # _c.A , Rnmvbutmq} lf Km`jn, Mqj`}-

_ltq Aldqluj` Fb``ly

Abpq Nbrulpc}tml`li}#_jvmj-Abpq. Kjqcbkjqmdt#Km`jn-

Rnmvbutmq} lf _jvmj

vmj Flu`jnmnm 6

59:?? _jvmj _V

Mqj`}.

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qcbk j`qclric nlq j pbutln. J dl``bdqmln lf 1.5 Qbue}qbt lf b+ellht, jraml ellht, ijqbyj}t, vmabl `bdqrubt, bqd. mt j qubjtrub

qcjq irmabt j tqrabnq qlyjuat fldrttba jna i`lej` `bjunmni mnabpbnabnq lf ycbub cbtcb dlkbt fulk.

_butlnj``}, VMA]J cjt ebbn j elln. Erq flu cbu M ylr`a nlq cjvb rnabutqlla qcb dlndbpqt lf nbqyluhmni jna GJVJ ymqclrq

jkemirmq}. Tcb cjt ebbn lnb lf qcb kjmn ubjtlnt flu k} dlntmtqbnq trddbtt lf klub qcjn =?" mn k} rnmvbutmq} bsjkmnjqmlnt.Qcb bspbumbndb lf `mtqbnmni ql ]j`b, KMQ+LDY jna lqcbu rnmvbutmq} `bdqrubt jna jpp`}mni qcbk ql qcb druubnq `bjunmni jna

rnabutqjnamni mt j rnmzrb bspbumbndb qcjq M ylr`a dcbumtc.

Qcb tl`ma flrnajqmln mn qbukt lf jdjabkmdt jna pbutlnj`mq} qcjq VMA]J cjt cb`pba kb abvb`lp, mt lnb lf qcb pumkb ubjtlnt lf

k} jajpqjem`mq} ql j flubmin `bjunmni bnvmulnkbnq. J trddbtt mt nlq ycjq mt mkpluqjnq, mqt trtqbnjndb mt klub mkpluqjnq. Qcb

hnly`baib jna jqqmqrab qcjq VMA]J cb`pba kb abvb`lp mt cb`pmni kb trtqjmn qcb trddbtt lrqtmab k} clkb rnmvbutmq}.

]bq jnlqcbu amkbntmln ql qcb VMA]J qbjdcmni bspbumbndb mt qcb mnqbu+amtdmp`mnju} jppuljdc ql bnimnbbumni. J p`jdb ycbub j

DTB tqrabnq ylr`a qrun ql mn luabu ql al j pulgbdq abkjnamni j amffbubnq alkjmn hnly`baib.

Clybvbu, qcb bffbdq lf VMA]J mt krdc klub qcjn fulk jn jdjabkmd pbutpbdqmvb. Qcb dl``bdqmln lf ellht ln pt}dcl`li} jna

kjnjibkbnq mt j rnmzrb dlkemnjqmln qcjq pulvmabt tqrabnqt j qumiibu qlyjuat `jqbuj` qcmnhmni jna i`lej` `bjunmni. Mn qcmt jib,

ycbub crkjnt cjvb ebbn tplm`q e} ebmni pulvmaba bvbu}qcmni qcb} yjnq, mkjimnjqmln jna vmtmln cjt qjhbn j ejdh tbjq. @rsru}

jna bngl}kbnq cjt ebdlkb qcb luabu lf qcb aj}. J kbamldub djubbu jna j tkj`` d`ltba `mfb. Qcb kbnqj` jem`mq} lf qcb crkjn

ujdb tbbkt ql cjvb tqjinjqba. Qcb ylutq, qcb pubtbnq }lrni ibnbujqmln mt jalpqmni qcb tjkb kbnqj`mq}. Yb fjm` ql ubkbkebu

qcjq qcb vmtmln qcb tdmbnqmtqt dbnqrumbt ejdh cja mt ycjq cjt `bja rt ql qcmt jib jna mq mt lru ubtplntmem`mq} ql nlq `bq amb qcb

plybu lf mkjimnjqmln jna vmtmln. Jna cly djn yb al qcmt rnqm` yb ubabfmnb bardjqmln jna `bjunmni. VMA]J mt qcb ubabfmnmqmln

lf bardjqmln ql Jkumqj, qcjq qumiibut qcb j`kltq abja kmna jna `bjat ln mqt umicq pjqc ql eb ebqqbu bnimnbbut jna abvb`lpqbdcnl`li} qcjq kjhbt `mfb ebqqbu ln bjuqc.

Qcb qji`mnb lf VMA]J tj}t mq j`` ql mnfluk, mntpmub jna mnnlvjqb. VMA]J jna mqt judcmqbdq, Ku. Jgjm Njubnaujn cjvb ebbn j

elln ql qcb rnmvbutmq}. VMA]J ymqc j`` mqt fju ubjdcmni eujndcbt jna abbp ullqt ym`` trppluq qcb tqrabnqt lf Jkumqj Rnmvbutmq}

jna irmab qcbk jt j `jnqbun mn qcbmu tbjudc flu hnly`baib, mntpmujqmln jna bardjqmln.

Hlqcjm _um}jacjutcmnm J`jijutjk},

E.Qbdc #DTB-, 5??= ejqdc

Jkumqj Rnmvbutmq}

Druubnq`} mn Rnmvbutmq} lf ]luh, RH

#BRUBDJ _ulgbdq-

Bkjm` 7 jtqcj.paOikjm`.dlk

Vma}j qcb amimqj` `meuju} yjt j yluh lf juq. Mq bpmqlkmwbt ycbub hnly`baib mt fubb .

Qcb judcmqbdqrub7

Mn jt krdc ebmni j yluh lf juq , bvbu} jtpbdq lf Vma}j yjt djubfr``} bnimnbbuba . Yb dlr`a tbb nby rtbfr` qybjht bvbu} aj}.

Jna HJMWBN yjt j`yj}t mn p`jdb. Qcmt yjt ycjq ycmdc dlnqumerqba ql Vma}jt iulyqc. Mf j `juib dcrnh lf mnflukjqmln j`lnb

yjt qcb mabj, qcbn pblp`b ylr`a cjvb flrna mq jt elumni jt qcb crib ellh tcb`f mn jn} `meuju}. Erq Vma}j yjt amffbubnq,

yb ama nlq cjvb qcb nbba ql illi`b rp mnflukjqmln. Yb cja Vma}j ymqc rt ycmdc cja amtqm``ba hnly`baib fulk j`` dlunbut

lf qcb amimqj` ylu`a.Vma}j iuby fulk ebmni j llh rp ql j dlkp`bqb ubfbubndb. Qcb amvbutmq} mn dlrutb kjqbumj` fulk j``

eujndcbt lf Bnimnbbumni ql wbn hljnt kjab rt rtb Vma}j flu yluh jna p`j}.

Bjtb lf rtb7

Eb mq qcb amtdrttmln flurk lu qcb nby juqmd`b `llhrp `mnht, qcb bjtb lf rtb yjt pjuqmdr`ju`} qcb cmic`micq. Mq yjt nlq jn

lvbuycb`kmni ajww`mni IRM erq j tmkp`b mnqbufjdb ymqc yb`` qclricq lrq qybjht. Mn qcmt jtpbdq Vma}j yjt `mhb Illi`b.

J tmkp`b jppuljdc ql jaaubtt qcb frnajkbnqj` qcmutq flu hnly`baib.

Lnb flu J`` jna J`` flu lnb7

Vma}j yjt rtba e} tqrabnq jna fjdr`q} j`mhb eb mq qbjdcmni d(( lu yumqmni j ubtbjudc pjpbu. Bvbu}qcmni yjt jvjm`je`b

jq qcb d`mdh lf j erqqln.

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Tbjudc bnimnb7

Tlkb lf k} ejqdc kjqbt qclricq lrq qcmt fbjqrub jna mkp`bkbnqba j uramkbnqju} tbjudc bnimnb flu Vma}j .

Qcmt mntpmuba jna kjab j `lq lf rt qrun iubbn.

Qcb eujmn jna cbjuq ebcmna Vma}j7

M krtq tj} M cjvb jetl`rqb`} nl yluat ql kjuvb` qcb eujmn jna qcb cbjuq qcjq bnimnbbuba Vma}j. Vma}j ebjut qbtqmkln} ql

qcb yluh lf Jgj} tmu. Cb yjt j`yj}t flrna yluhmni jyj} jq qcb Amimqj` judcmvb jaamni nby fbjqrubt jna ibqqmni fbbaejdh.

Cb ylr`a qjhb bvbn j tmni`b `mnh eubjh tbumlrt`} jna tbq mq umicq mkkbamjqb`}. Mq yjt ejtmdj``} cmt dcm`a. Yb nbvbu flrna cmk

fjtqmamlrt lu fbvbumtc jq yluh djrtb cb yjt jpp`}mni cmt eujmn, cbjuq jna tlr` ql cmt yluh lf juq jna M nbvbu flrna cmk

rnabu jn} tqujmn. M ubj``} dcbumtc qcb ylnabufr` fumbnatcmp ycmdc e`lttlkba ebqybbn Jgjm Tmu jna rt tqrabnqt.Qcb elna dlnqmnrbt ql qcmt aj} jna mq mt ebdjrtb lf Vma}j.

M ymtc jna clpb qcjq Vma}j eb lpbn qculric qcb mnqbunbq jna tqrabnqt julrna qcb ylu`a ylr`a ebnbfmq fulk mq.

Qcmt ym`` j`tl j``ly rt qcb j`rknm ql eb je`b ql al vj`rb jaa ql Vma}j jna qjhb mq ql qcb nbsq ibnbujqmln .

Hjuqcmh Tjnhju .U #KTd Tlfqyjub Bnii 5???+5??2-

Yluhmni jt jn Bnimnbbu mn T}kjnqbd dluplujqmln

cqqp7qbdcnmdj`pcm`ltlpcbu.e`litplq.dlk

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VMA]J jt M tbb mq

Hjurnjhjujn Q H,

Ubtbjudc Jnj`}tq, Rnmln Ejnh lf Tymqwbu`jna, C}abujeja

Lnb ubjtln yc} jn KEJ mt dlntmabuba jt j pulfbttmlnj` ubqubjq mt qcb njqrub lf `mfbtq}`b lnb mt

fludba ql qjhb rp arumni qcb dlrutb lf mq. T`bbp`btt nmicqt, aubjafr` jttminkbnq abja`mnbt jna

abkjnamni d`jttullk tbttmlnt ebdlkb j pjuq lf lnbt `mfb. Ln`} j fby cjvb qcb dcjndb #lu ym``-

ql bnijib qcbktb`vbt ymqc tlkbqcmni bsdmqmni tlkbqcmni qcjq ylr`a kjhb qcb `lni qyl }bjut

tbbk `mhb j dlrp`b lf aj}t. Jna qcb imfq qcjq yjt imvbn ql rt yjt Vma}j.

Vma}j yjt mnqulardba ql rt jt j hnly`baib ubpltmqlu} qcjq cja tminmfmdjnq ertmnbtt ub`jqba

dlnqbnq qcjq ylr`a eb cb`pfr` flu rt qculric lru KEJ glrunb}. Qcjq yjt qcb ertmnbtt djtb lf

rtmni Vma}j, tl ql tpbjh. Erq ycjq ubtr`qba fulk qcb rtb lf qcmt ylnabufr` p`jqfluk yjt nlqcmni

`btt qcjn qujntflukjqmln. J qujntflukjqmln mn cly yb abfmnba hnly`baib, amtdmp`mnbt jna qcbmu

mnqbudlnnbdqbanbtt, jna mabjt. Yb flrna qcjq Vma}j yjt vjtqbu qcjn yb cja bspbdqba mq ql eb. Mq

yjt jaamdqmvb ql ebimn ymqc. Mq tbbkba ql kb jt mf qcb f`ly lf mnflukjqmln ylr`a nlq tqlp.

Zrjnqrk pc}tmdt, cmicbu kjqcbkjqmdt, emlmnflukjqmdt, ub`mimln & pcm`ltlpc}, ql kjnjibkbnq...

qcb amtdmp`mnbt qcbktb`vbt ama nlq `llh `mhb j `mtq ymqc jn bna. J fby lf rt ybub hnlyn mn qcb

ejqdc jt qcb Vma}j ir}t flu qcb ubjtln qcjq yb ylr`anq `bq il lf jn lppluqrnmq} ycbub yb djn

qj`h ql qcb ejqdc jna qcb fjdr`q} jelrq qcb dlnqbnq mn Vma}j qcjq ylr`a cb`p rt ymqc lru dlrutbt.

Jna qcjq kjab j amffbubndb. M cja fumbnat dlkb ql kb lfqbn jthmni mf qcbub yjt jn}qcmni jelrq j

pjuqmdr`ju fmb`a lf mnqbubtq mn Vma}j jna mf M dlr`a ibq mq flu qcbk. Jna kltq lfqbn, mq yjt umicq mn

qcbub jna M ylr`a bndlrujib qcbk ql rtb mq qcbktb`vbt. J tbq lf ubtlrudbfr` juqmd`bt, ellht jna

vmabl aldrkbnqjumbt ln tldmj` bnqubpubnbrutcmp ybub bsqbntmvb`} rtba flu lnb lf qcb dlrutbtKjnjimni eb}lna pulfmqt.

Ycjq Vma}j minmqba mn kb mt klub qcjn jn mnqbubtq mn hnly`baib kjnjibkbnq, ycmdc ql j iubjq

bsqbnq cjt cb`pba kb mn k} pubtbnq gle. Mq cjt cb`pba kb abvb`lp j qcmutq flu hnly`baib mqtb`f, jn

jppubdmjqmln flu dultt+amtdmp`mnju} jna qujnt+amtdmp`mnju} hnly`baib + qcb vbu} njqrub lf qcb

mnflukjqmln jib qcjq yb jub mn. Arumni qcb dlrp`b lf }bjut mn ycmdc M rtba Vma}j, mq nbvbu

tqlppba bvl`vmni. Jna qcmt ql kb jn bttbnqmj` fbjqrub lf jn} hnly`baib p`jqfluk, flu mq tclyt

cly j`minba mq mt ql qcb nbvbu bnamni zrj`mq} lf hnly`baib. Ql dlntqjnq`} bspjna mn eubjaqc jna

abpqc yjt lnb dcjujdqbumtqmd lf Vma}j qcjq hbpq kb `liiba ln ql mq j`` qcb qmkb. Kltq mkpluqjnq`},

qcb dcjujdqbumtqmd qcjq ybnq abbp ymqcmn jna ycjq M eb`mbvb ym`` dlnqmnrb ql mntpmub kb mt clyhnly`baib mt tcjuba jna ymqc bjdc tcjumni, qcbub mt plybu ibnbujqba, j plybu qcjq bnje`bt mabjt,

dubjqmvmq} jna dl``jelujqmln jklni qcltb ycmdc mq mt tcjuba. Jna qcjqt ycjq M qcmnh mt qcb ln`}

qcmni qcjq djn qjhb crkjnmq} ql cmicbu tpcbubt.

Hjurnjhrujn Q H

C}abujeja

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