New Imperialism _____________________Imperialism
• Often referred to as the “___________________________________-”, this is a time in which European nations, and later the U.S., dominated the Globe
– ___________________________________________ is: extending control or authority over foreign territories with the intent of dominating economic, political, and social life of the people
Global Domination
• Imperialism is nothing new, but this is different in terms of the extent of control over the majority of the globe
• About ____________________________________________ is controlled by less than 10 nations: Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Italy, Portugal, and United States
Driving Forces
• During the mid to late 1800s several factors combined to drive and enable this form of global domination:
– __________________________________________ : the need for more resources to fuel industrialism, and for more markets to sell manufactured goods was a primary reason this new period of European expansion took place
– __________________________________________ : make your own country better—more money, power, and influence (super patriotism)
– __________________________________________: nationalism drove the need to expand Empires for prestige – nation’s status was reflected in size of its empire
Other Motivators
• In addition to industrialism, nationalism, and empire building, several other factors contributed to the process of Imperialism
– ___________________________________________ : Belief that white Europeans are the “fittest race” and should “civilize” people of other nations – duty to bring western culture to those who are inferior – improve the human species
– ___________________________________________ : missionaries had the belief that it was their religious duty to Christianize the world
– ___________________________________________ : merchant fleets needed harbors and ports to refuel/resupply and trade from – naval vessels as well
– ___________________________________________ : belief that peace is maintained through even power distribution in western nations – once one does it…
New Levels of Control
• A key question for this unprecedented level of global conquest is how was it done? How did a handful of nations control so much of the globe?
– ___________________________________________ : Industrial revolution came first to Europe and gave Europeans, and then Americans, a huge advantage over there African and Asian counterparts
• Steam ships, railroads, guns and cannons, better medicine, and communications all factored into controlling large territories long distances away
– ____________________________________________ : European wealth had been building for centuries sense the America’s were colonized. European control of trade markets and a robust banking/investment industry also played a part (wealth isn’t just land anymore). This wealth would fund the expenses of Imperialism
– ____________________________________________ : European political unity and national drive allowed them to concentrate their resources to overcome the many different cultures and peoples of Europe and Asia. (Nationalism)
Imperial Targets
• Since the political revolutions of the America’s reduced colonial holdings, Europeans looked elsewhere to expand to, and America was looking to compete.
• African and Asia (Middle East, Far East Asia, South East, India, etc.) were prime targets.
– _____________________________ : weak technologically and bursting with raw materials
– _____________________________ : in addition to raw materials, control of the well-established Asian trading markets were strongly desired
• The ____________________ sought to expand its influence by controlling Islands throughout the Caribbean and Pacific Ocean, and nations of Latin America (Central America)
– Access to markets and plantations
Types of Imperialism
• __________________________ (two types, similar goals):
– ____________________ - governed by foreign officials while no self-rule was given to natives. The goal was assimilation of the colony into an empire. Government institutions were based on European governments.
• ________________________ : “fatherly” way of ruling – give them needs but not rights
• ________________________ : “Westernize” people by replacing their culture – schools, churches, architecture, courts, businesses
– ____________________ - local government officials might be used, while the native upper-class was given limited self-rule over the colony. The goal was to westernize future leaders of a colony in order to perpetuate a power’s control.
1. In which management method are the people less empowered to rule themselves? Explain. -_______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. In what ways are the two management methods different? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• __________________________________________________ :
– S.O.I. is when a foreign power has control over another country’s economy, usually by claiming exclusive investment or trading privileges.
– A protectorate has own government but is controlled by the imperial nation that “protects” it by stating it is off-limits to others – imperial nation benefits through trade and access to ports
• _________________________________________________ : when a private company controls a less developed country, or that country’s economy or main industries
– Dole fruit company controlled Hawaii before it became a State
– United Fruit (Chiquita) in Central America – Banana Republics
– British East Indian Company in India
1. Which two forms are guided by interests in business or trade? -
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What is the difference between a protectorate and a
colony? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Imperialism In AfricaOn to Africa
• In the 1870s Europeans looked to and explored Africa for _____________________________________to fuel industrialism
• Representatives secured _________________________________ with native leaders for access to raw materials and labor
• Eventually competition caused _______________________________ for access to these resources
Peaceful Division
• European leaders agreed to meet in Berlin to peacefully divide Africa = __________________________________________
• ________________ of the African continent was divided between 7 European states:
– ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Free States
• Only two nation’s remained free = ________________________________________________________________________
– Liberia was a state created by the U.S. for freed slaves = protected
– Ethiopia was the only African state to successfully resist colonization by defeating the Italians in war.
• African Dismantled
• In the process of _________________________________________________ into territories based around resources and access to waterways, the Africans themselves were not considered
• Kingdoms, tribes, cultures, language groups were divided and forced to live under European rule
Africa is Changed
• Africa was used for its raw materials
– Oil, ____________________, Coal, Timber, __________________, Copper, _________________________, Tin
• Africa was also used to farm cash crops (crops produced for their trade value rather than for local consumption)
– Cotton, _________________________, Tobacco,___________________, _________________________________________________________________, Wheat, Corn, Oils (palm, peanuts)
• As a result local economies and landscapes were changed, and sometimes cash cropping would result in famines
Imperialism In Asia
On to Asia
• Similar to Africa, Asians were not able to resist European Imperialism
• Asia also has valuable raw materials, but more importantly long establish __________________________________ and large markets to purchase European goods
• Imperialism in Asia was a mixture of __________________________________ colonial control and __________________________________
• Unlike in Africa, Asia was also a place were other imperial powers like the U.S., as well as the rapidly modernizing Japan, competed with Europeans for influence and control.
British Control Over India
• In the 1700s the British East India Company began to strengthen its trade monopoly by controlling parts of India
• Later, the British government would take full control over India and run it as part of its colonial Empires
• The wealth built from this process was so great that _________________ became known as the ____________________________________________________________
“Jewel in the Crown”
• ________________________________ was a source of raw materials and a market to sell manufactured goods
– Cotton (textiles), jute (to make rope), tea, indigo (blue dye), and opium (drug traded with China)
• In the process India was _________________________________________ and _______________________________________was imposed
– Railroads, roads, schools, hospitals, etc.
• Cash cropping replaced much of the traditional food crops grown in India, leading to famines
Growing Resentment
• Control and altering of Indian society led to a loss of self-sufficiency and to resentment towards British rule
• Several armed rebellions, including the Sepoy (Indian Soldiers) rebellion in 1857, let to _________________________________________________ and movements towards _____________________________
• The British would retain control of Indian until after World War II in 1947
Imperialism in China
• Unlike Africa and India, China was never fully colonized
• European powers established _____________________________
______________________________ to control its government and economy, usually through forced trade treaties and control of trade ports
Trade Wars
• Early Imperialism in China began with trade problems
• China had little interest in the European goods that they viewed as inferior – instead they insisted on silver (cash) for products
• To avoid draining the British treasury they began to import __________________________ (highly addictive drug) into Chinese port cities
– China wanted to preserve their culture so port cities were limited (partial _______________________________________________________ – limited contact with foreigners)
War on Drugs
• This __________________________________________would create a product that the Chinese would demand and hence trade their goods (tea, silk, etc.) for
• This drug was destructive to Chinese society and the Chinese went to war with Great Britain to stop its importation (________________________________________________)
China Dominated
• _______________________________________________________ led to a series of treaties (ex. Treaty of Nanjing) that granted Europeans and Americans special privileges (ex. Extraterritoriality), and control of trade ports (ex. Hong Kong)
• Resentment towards “foreign devils” (ex. Christian missionaries) in Chinese society led to conflict (ex. ________________________________) and more control over China
Imperialism in South East Asia
• Other _______________________________nations also became Spheres of Influence but were put under more direct control
• Spanish ________________________________________ would fall to ________________________________________ control after the Spanish American War
America and Japan Play the Imperial GameAmerican Imperialism
• Due to ______________________________________________, the U.S. did not typically seek to build colonies in Africa or Asia
• _________________________________________________________ was the form of choice in most cases (Latin America)
• Some territories were seized in the __________________________________________________________(Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam) and Pacific Islands (ex. Hawaii) were annexed to provide refueling stations to the lucrative trade with Asia
Japanese Imperialism
• Eager to avoid being dominated in the way that China was, Japan ____________________________________________and began its own Imperial conquest
• Beginning with the __________________________________________________(1868 - restore the Emperor to rule), Japan employed western industrialism to develop it’s army and navy
• They conquered __________________________________ and then parts of __________________________________
Effects of Imperialism
• The process of the New Imperialism had many effects:
– Spread western culture
– Increased wealth of Europeans, Americans, Japanese
– Spread Christianity
– Impoverished (made poor) many places in the world that were colonized
– Brought modern technology to many places in the world
– Spread western medical practices
– Changed traditional patterns in societies
• ___________________________________________ would eventually __________________________________