ACADEMIC REGULATIONS, COURSE STRUCTURE

AND DETAILED SYLLABUS

FOR B.PHARMACY SECOND YEAR DEGREE COURSE(Applicable for the batches admitted from 2012-2013)

SCHOOL OF PHARMACYANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

(AUTONOMOUS)Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad – 501301

B - PHARMACY

2013-2014

Academic Regulations - for B. Pharm (Regular)

(Effective for the students admitted into II year from the Academic Year 2012-2013 onwards)

1. Award of B. Pharm. Degree

A student will be declared eligible for the award of the B. Pharm. Degree if he fulfils the

following academic regulations:

i. Pursued a course of study for not less than four academic years and not more than

eight academic years.

ii. Register for 200 credits and secure 200 credits

2. Students, who fail to fulfil all the academic requirements for the award of the degree

within eight academic years from the year of their admission, shall forfeit their seat in

B. Pharm course.

3. Credits

I Year – per semester II,III,IV years per semesterPeriods / Week Credits Periods / Week Credits

Theory 0302

03 02

04 03

0403

Practicals 0303

0203

03 02Remedial Biology LabSeminar --- --- --- 02Project and viva --- --- --- 04

4. Distribution and Weightage of Marks

i. The performance of a student in each semester shall be evaluated subject –wise

with a maximum of 100 marks for theory and 75 marks for practical subject. In

addition, Industry oriented mini-project, seminar, comprehensive viva-voce and

project work shall be evaluated for 50, 50,100 and 200 marks respectively.

ii. For theory subjects the distribution shall be 25 marks for Internal Evaluation and

75 marks for the End-Examination.

iii. For theory subjects, during the semester there shall be 2 midterm examinations.

Each mid term examination consists of Part-A (Short Answer) for 5 marks and

Part-B (subjective paper) for 15 marks with duration of 90 Minutes and one

assignment carrying 5 marks.

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Subjective paper shall contain 5 questions of which student has to answer

3 questions each 5 marks. First mid term examination shall be conducted for

1 - 2.5 units of syllabus and second mid term examination shall be conducted for

2.5 – 5 units. First Assignment should be submitted before the conduct of the first

mid, and the second Assignment should be submitted before the conduct of the

second midterm examination.

The total marks secured by the student in each mid term examination for

25 marks is considered and the average of the two mid term examinations shall be

taken as the final marks secured by each candidate. If he/she is absent for any

test / assignment, he/she is awarded zero marks for that test / assignment.

iv. For practical subjects there shall be a continuous evaluation during the semester

for 25 sessional marks and 50 end examination marks. Out of the 25 marks for

internal, day-to-day work in the laboratory shall be evaluated for 15 marks and

internal examination for practical shall be evaluated for 10 marks conducted by

the concerned laboratory teacher. The end examination shall be conducted with

one external examiner and one internal examiner. The external examiner shall be

appointed from the panel of examiners as recommended by Chairman, Board of

Studies in respective Branches.

v. There shall be a seminar presentation in IV year I Semester. For the seminar, the

student shall collect the information on a specialized topic and prepare a technical

report, showing his understanding over the topic, and submit to the department,

which shall be evaluated by the Departmental committee consisting of Head of

the department, seminar supervisor and a senior faculty member. The seminar

report shall be evaluated for 50 marks. There shall be no external examination for

seminar.

vi. There shall be a Comprehensive Viva-Voce in IV year II semester. The

Comprehensive Viva-Voce will be conducted by a Committee consisting of (i)

Head of the Department (ii) two Senior Faculty members of the Department. The

Comprehensive Viva-Voce is aimed to assess the students’ understanding in

various subjects he / she studied during the B.Pharm course of study. The

Comprehensive Viva-Voce is evaluated for 100 marks by the Committee. There

are no internal marks for the Comprehensive viva-voce.

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vii. Out of a total of 100 marks for the project work, 25 marks shall be for Internal

Evaluation and 75 marks for the End Semester Examination. The End Semester

Examination (viva-voce) shall be conducted by the committee. The committee

consists of an external examiner, head of the department, the supervisor of project

and a senior faculty member of the department. Seminar and project work shall be

on the same topic. The evaluation of project work shall be conducted at the end of

the IV year. The internal evaluation shall be on the basis of two seminars given by

each student on the topic of his project.

5. Attendance Requirements:

i. A student shall be eligible to appear for the end examinations if he / she acquires a

minimum of 75% of attendance in aggregate of all the subjects.

ii. Condonation of shortage of attendance in aggregate up to 10% (on genuine

medical grounds) in each semester may be granted by the College Academic

Council on the basis of recommendation by the principal.

iii. Shortage of Attendance below 65% in aggregate shall in NO case be condoned .

iv. Students falling short of attendance as specified above will be detained.

v. A student will not be promoted to the next semester unless he satisfies the

attendance requirement of the present semester. They may seek re-admission for

that semester when offered next.

vi. Students whose shortage of attendance is not condoned in any semester, are not

eligible to take their end examination of that class and their registration shall

stand cancelled.

vii. A stipulated fee decided by the Academic Council shall be payable towards

condonation of shortage of attendance.

6. Minimum Academic Requirements:

The following academic requirements have to be satisfied in addition to the attendance

requirements mentioned in item no.5

i. A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the minimum academic requirements

and earned the credits allotted to each theory or practical design or project if he

secures not less than 35% of marks in the end examination and a minimum of

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40% of marks in the sum total of the internal evaluation and end examination

taken together.

ii. A student shall be promoted from II to III year only if he fulfils the academic

requirement of

Rule (I): 30 credits (out of 75 credits) secured from all the exams (both regular

and supplementary) conducted up to end of II year, excluding the performance in

II – B.Pharm – II – Semester examination.

(OR)

Rule (II): 40 credits (out of 100 credits) secured from all the exams (both regular

and supplementary) conducted up to end of II year, including the performance in

II – B.Pharm – II – Semester examination.

iii. A student shall be promoted from third year to fourth year only if he fulfils the

academic requirements of

Rule (I): Total 50 credits (out of 125 credits) secured from all the exams (both

regular and supplementary) conducted up to end of III year, excluding the

performance in III – B.Pharm – II – Semester examination.

(OR)

Rule (II): 60 credits (out of 150 credits) secured from all the exams (both regular

and supplementary) conducted up to end of III year, including the performance in

III – B.Pharm – II – Semester examination.

iv. A student shall register and put up minimum attendance in all 200 credits and earn

the 200 credits. Marks obtained in all 200 credits shall be considered for the

calculation of percentage of marks.

v. Students who fail to earn 200 credits as indicated in the course structure within

eight academic years from the year of their admission shall forfeit their seat in

B.Pharm course and their admission shall stand cancelled.

7. Course pattern:

i. The entire course of study is of four academic years. All years shall be on

semester pattern.

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ii. A student eligible to appear for the end examination in a subject, but absent at it

or has failed in the end examination may appear for that subject at the

supplementary examination.

iii. When a student is detained due to lack of credits / shortage of attendance he may

be re-admitted when the semester is offered after fulfilment of academic

regulations.

8. Award of Class:

After a student has satisfied the requirement prescribed for the completion of the program

and is eligible for the award of B.Pharm degree he shall be placed in one of the following

four classes:

Class Awarded % of marks to be securedFrom the

aggregate marks secured for the

best 200 Credits.

First Class with Distinction 70% and aboveFirst Class Below 70% but not less than 60% Second Class Below 60% but not less than 50% Pass Class Below 50% but not less than 40%

(The marks in internal evaluation and end examination shall be shown separately in the marks

memorandum)

9. Minimum Instruction Days:

For each semester there shall be 90 clear instruction days.

10. There shall be no branch transfers after the completion of admission process.

11. General:

i. Where the words “he”, “him”, “his”, occur in the regulations, they include “she”, “her”, “hers”.

ii. The academic regulation should be read as a whole for the purpose of any interpretation.

iii. In the case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of the above rules, the decision of the

Academic Council is final.

iv. The college may change or amend the academic regulations or syllabi at any time and the changes

or amendments made shall be applicable to all the students with effect from the dates notified by

the college.

*-*-*

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Academic Regulations for B. Pharm. (Lateral Entry Scheme)

(Effective for the students getting admitted into II year from the Academic Year 2013-2014 and

onwards)

1. The Students have to acquire 150 credits from II to IV year of B.Pharm. Program

(Regular) for the award of the degree.

Register for 150 credits and secure 150 credits.

2. Students, who fail to fulfil the requirement for the award of the degree in 6

consecutive academic years from the year of admission, shall forfeit their seat.

3. The same attendance regulations are to be adopted as that of B. Pharm. (Regular).

4. Promotion Rule:

A student shall be promoted from third year to fourth year only if he fulfils the

academic requirements of

Rule (I): 30 credits (out of 75 credits) secured from all the exams (both regular and

supplementary) conducted upto end of 3rd year, excluding the performance in

III - B.Pharm – II semester Examination.

(OR)

Rule (II): 40 credits (out of 100 credits) secured from all the exams (both regular and

supplementary) conducted upto end of 3rd year, including the performance in

III - B.Pharm – II semester Examination.

5. Award of Class:

After a student has satisfied the requirements prescribed for the completion of the

program and is eligible for the award of B. Pharm. Degree he shall be placed in one

of the following four classes:

First Class with Distinction 70% and above From the aggregate marks secured for

150 Credits.(i.e. II year to IV

year)

First Class Below 70% but not less than 60% Second Class Below 60% but not less than 50% Pass Class Below 50% but not less than 40%

(The marks in internal evaluation and end examination shall be shown separately in

the marks memorandum)

6. All other regulations as applicable for B. Pharm. Four-year degree course (Regular)

will hold good for B. Pharm. (Lateral Entry Scheme)

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MALPRACTICES RULES

DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR IMPROPER CONDUCT IN EXAMINATIONSNature of Malpractices/Improper conduct Punishment

If the candidate:

1. (a) Possesses or keeps accessible in examination hall, any paper, note book, programmable calculators, Cell phones, pager, palm computers or any other form of material concerned with or related to the subject of the examination (theory or practical) in which he is appearing but has not made use of (material shall include any marks on the body of the candidate which can be used as an aid in the subject of the examination)

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject only.

(b) Gives assistance or guidance or receives it from any other candidate orally or by any other body language methods or communicates through cell phones with any candidate or persons in or outside the exam hall in respect of any matter.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject only of all the candidates involved. In case of an outsider, he will be handed over to the police and a case is registered against him.

2. Has copied in the examination hall from any paper, book, programmable calculators, palm computers or any other form of material relevant to the subject of the examination (theory or practical) in which the candidate is appearing.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted to appear for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that Semester. The Hall Ticket of the candidate is to be cancelled.

3. Impersonates any other candidate in connection with the examination.

The candidate who has impersonated shall be expelled from examination hall. The candidate is also debarred and forfeits the seat. The performance of the original candidate who has been impersonated, shall be cancelled in all the subjects of the examination (including practicals and project work) already appeared and shall not be allowed to appear for examinations of the remaining subjects of that semester. The candidate is also debarred for two consecutive semesters from class work and all END examinations. The continuation of the course by the candidate is subject to the academic regulations in connection with forfeiture of seat. If the imposter is an outsider, he will be handed over to the police and a case is registered against him.

4. Smuggles in the Answer book or additional sheet or takes out or arranges to send out the question paper during the examination or answer book or additional sheet, during or after the examination.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of performance in that subject and all the other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester. The candidate is also debarred for two consecutive semesters from class work and

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all END examinations. The continuation of the course by the candidate is subject to the academic regulations in connection with forfeiture of seat.

5. Uses objectionable, abusive or offensive language in the answer paper or in letters to the examiners or writes to the examiner requesting him to award pass marks.

Cancellation of the performance in that subject.

6. Refuses to obey the orders of the Chief Superintendent/Assistant – Superintendent / any officer on duty or misbehaves or creates disturbance of any kind in and around the examination hall or organizes a walk out or instigates others to walk out, or threatens the officer-in charge or any person on duty in or outside the examination hall of any injury to his person or to any of his relations whether by words, either spoken or written or by signs or by visible representation, assaults the officer-in-charge, or any person on duty in or outside the examination hall or any of his relations, or indulges in any other act of misconduct or mischief which result in damage to or destruction of property in the examination hall or any part of the College campus or engages in any other act which in the opinion of the officer on duty amounts to use of unfair means or misconduct or has the tendency to disrupt the orderly conduct of the examination.

In case of students of the college, they shall be expelled from examination halls and cancellation of their performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate(s) has (have) already appeared and shall not be permitted to appear for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester. The candidates also are debarred and forfeit their seats. In case of outsiders, they will be handed over to the police and a police case is registered against them.

7. Leaves the exam hall taking away answer script or intentionally tears of the script or any part thereof inside or outside the examination hall.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of performance in that subject and all the other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester. The candidate is also debarred for two consecutive semesters from class work and all END examinations. The continuation of the course by the candidate is subject to the academic regulations in connection with forfeiture of seat.

8. Possess any lethal weapon or firearm in the examination hall.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester. The candidate is also debarred and forfeits the seat.

9. If student of the college, who is not a Student of the colleges expulsion from the

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candidate for the particular examination or any person not connected with the college indulges in any malpractice or improper conduct mentioned in clause 6 to 8.

examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester. The candidate is also debarred and forfeits the seat. Person(s) who do not belong to the College will be handed over to police and, a police case will be registered against them.

10. Comes in a drunken condition to the examination hall.

Expulsion from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has already appeared including practical examinations and project work and shall not be permitted for the remaining examinations of the subjects of that semester.

11. Copying detected on the basis of internal evidence, such as, during valuation or during special scrutiny.

Cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects the candidate has appeared including practical examinations and project work of that semester examinations.

12. If any malpractice is detected which is not covered in the above clauses 1 to 11 shall be reported to the PRINCIPAL/DIRECTOR for further action to award suitable punishment.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

II YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Code Subject Lectures T/P

Credits

Pharmaceutical Unit Operations-I 3 1 3

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II 4 1 4Statistical Methods and computer Applications 3 1 3Physical Pharmacy -I 4 1 4Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology 3 1 3Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry- Lab II 0 3 2Statistical Methods and computer Applications Lab

0 3 2

Physical Pharmacy Lab - I 0 3 2Health Education and Pathophysiology- Lab 0 3 2

Total 17 17 25

II YEAR II SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE

Code Subject Lectures T/P CreditsPharmaceutical Unit Operations-II 3 1 4Pharmaceutical Analysis-I 4 1 4Pharmacognosy-I 3 1 3Physical Pharmacy-II 4 1 4Environmental Science 3 1 3Pharmaceutical Unit Operations-II Lab 0 3 2Pharmaceutical Analysis-I Lab 0 3 2Pharmacognosy-I Lab 0 3 2Physical Pharmacy-II Lab 0 3 2

Total 17 17 26

Note: All the end examinations (Theory and Practical) are of Three hours duration.

T – Tutorial P – Practical

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem. C L T/P

3 1/- 3

PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS – I

UNIT-IUnit operation: Definition of laboratory scale, pilot scale, and industrial scale operations. Unit processes, material and energy balance, molecular units, mole fractions, gas laws, mole volume, primary and secondary quantities, equilibrium state, rate process, steady and unsteady states, dimensionless equations, dimensionless formulae, dimensionless groups, different types of graphic representation, mathematical problems.

UNIT-IIExtraction: Theory of extraction, seed extraction, equipment, counter current extraction, leaching of solids and equipment.Evaporation: Basic concept of phase equilibria, factors affecting the evaporation. Principle, construction, working, advantages, disadvantages and pharmaceutical applications of following evaporators, film evaporators, single effect and multiple effect evaporators.

UNIT-III Distillation: Raoult's law, volatility, simple steam and flash distillations, principles of rectification, Azeotropic and extractive distillation.Drying: Moisture content and mechanism of drying, rate of drying and time of drying calculations, classification and types of dryers. Principle, construction, working, advantages, disadvantages and pharmaceutical applications of tray dryer, Fluid bed dryer, spray dryer and freeze-dryer.

UNIT-IVSize Reduction and size separation: Definition, objectives of size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, laws governing energy and power requirements of a mill, Principle, construction, working, advantages, disadvantages and pharmaceutical applications of ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill. Official standards for powders, modes of motions in size separation. Sieve analysis: testing of powders, equipment for size separation.

UNIT-VMixing: Theory of mixing, solid solid, solid liquid and liquid liquid mixing equipment. Principle, construction, working, advantages, disadvantages and pharmaceutical applications of double cone, twin-shell, silverson mixer, colloid mill, sigma blade mixer, planatery mixer, propeller mixer.

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TEXT BOOKS1. Carter SJ, Cooper and Gunss's Tutorial Pharmacy (2005). Tutorial Pharmacy.

6th ed. Delhi: CBS publisher.2. Subramanyam CVS (2009). Pharmaceutical Unit Operation. Delhi: Vallabh

Prakashan.3. Sambamurty K (2008). Pharmaceutical Engineering. Delhi: Newage INT(P) LMT.4. Badger and Banchoro (2010). Introduction to Chemical Engineering. Delhi: Tata

Mc graw hill Education pvt lmt.5. DERLY (2010). Pharmaceutical Engineering. 2nd ed. Hyderabad: Pharma Med

Press.6. Mc Cabe and Smith (2005). Unit operations. 7th ed. delhi: Mc Graw-Hill

Companies7. M.C Cabe and Smith (2001). Elements of Chemical Engineering. 6th ed.

Newyork: Mc graw-hill.8. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2010). Remingtons Pharmaceutical sciences.

4th ed. New-Delhi: Wolters Kluwer(India) Pvt ltd.9. Rawlin's EA, Bentley's (2004). Textbook of Pharmaceutics. 8th ed. Delhi: All

India traveller book seller.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem. C L T/P

4 1/- 4

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III

Note: Definition, nomenclature, structure, acidity-basicity and characteristic reactions of the following heterocyclic compounds of Unit I and II.Few examples of drugs which contain the cited ring system UNIT – IFive membered and six membered ring systems with one hetero atom: Furan, Pyrrole and Pyridine. Fused ring systems with one hetero atom: Indole, Quinoline and Iso-quinoline

Five membered and six membered ring systems with two hetero atoms: Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole, Isoxazole, Thiazole and Pyrimidine. Fused ring systems with two hetero atoms: Benzimidazole, Phenothiazine

UNIT - IIStereochemistry of Carbon compounds: Optical rotation, optical activity, chirality, notations (assignment of configuration), relative configuration (Fischer DL configuration), absolute configuration(R&S), sequence rules (with examples), enantiomers, meso compounds, racemic mixture and resolution.Stereochemistry of alkenes: Concept of E & Z configurations. Elements of symmetry.

UNIT - IIICarbohydrates: Definition, classification, nomenclature, study of glucose structure, mutarotation, ring structure, oxidation-reduction reactions, osazone formation, epimerization, Lobry De Bruyn – Van Ekenstein reaction, structure of the disaccharide sucrose, glycosidic linkage, non-reducing nature; structural components of starch and cellulose. A brief account on pharmaceutical importance of various carbohydrates.

UNIT - IVa) Amino acids: Definition, classification, essential amino acids, configuration, three important methods of preparation of amino acids, physical properties. Zwitter ionic nature, isoelectric point, peptide synthesis and important reactions of amino acids.

b) Polypeptides and proteins: Definition, Classification, denaturation, C-terminal and N-terminal concept. A brief account of the pharmaceutical importance of amino acids, polypeptides and proteins..

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c) Lipids (oils and fats): Definition, fatty acids, characterization of lipids (Saponification value, acid value and Iodine value), hydrogenation and rancidity of oils and fats.

UNIT - Va) Purine derivatives (xanthine bases): Chemical structures of uric acid and methylated xanthines (caffeine, theophylline and theobromine) of physiological/ pharmaceutical significance..b) A study of the mechanism and application in synthesis of the following named reactionsA. Beckmann rearrangementB. Birch reductionC. Mannich reactionD. Michael addition reaction

TEXT BOOKS1. Morrison TR, Boyd RN, Bhattacharjee SK. Organic chemistry. 7 th Ed. New Delhi:

Pearson Prentice hall of India private limited; 2011.2. Arun bhal, Bhal BS. Advanced Organic chemistry. New Delhi: S.Chand & Company

Ltd; 2010 3. Agarwal OP. Reactions and Reagents in Organic Chemistry. 43rd Ed. Meerut: Goel

Publishing House; 2008. 4. Finar IL. The Fundamentals Principles of Organic Chemistry. 6 th Ed. New Delhi: Vol.I

Pearson Education Ltd; 2009. 5. 1. Jerry March. Advanced Organic Chemistry. 6th Ed. New Delhi: John Wiley & Sons

Publishers; 2007 6. Tatchell AR, Furniss BS, Hannaford AJ, Smith PWG. Vogel's Textbook of Practical

Organic Chemistry. 5th Ed. New Delhi: Pearson Education Ltd; 2008.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem. C L T/P

3 1/- 3

STATISTICAL METHODS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Section - A: Bio-statistics

UNIT-I Data collection and methods: Significant digits and rounding of numbers, data collection, random and non-random sampling, sample size calculation, data organization, diagrammatic representation of data, measures of dispersion and correlation, co-efficient of variation, confidence (fiducial) limits, probability and events. 

Probability and Distributions: Bayer’s theorem, probability theorem, probability distribution, elements of binomial and poison distribution, normal distribution curve and properties, kurtosis and skewness. 

UNIT.IIRegression: Correlation and regression analysis, method of least squares and non-linear regression.Statistical inference: Tests of hypothesis, Common parametric and non-parametric tests, elements of ANOVA and post hoc test.

UNIT.III Design of experiments: Basic concepts of CRD, RBD and Latin square designs.

UNIT IVOverview of Computer with general applications: Components of computers, computer languages useage of computers. Interrdutions of operations system.INTRODUCTION TO MS-OFFICE: MS-Word: Basics, working with files, working with text, formatting paragraphs, styles, lists, tables, graphics, spellings and grammer and page formatting macros, table of contents.Ms-Excel: Basics, spreadsheets, data types, formulas, formatting charts, graphs.MS-PowerPoint: Power Point Basics, views, slide controls, applied design, page setup, templates, back ground control, colour screens, transitions and animations, working with texts and working with graphics.Ms-Access: Database concepts, screen layouts, creating tables, data sheet records, table relationships, sorting and filtering, queries forms, form controls, sub forms, reports, importing, experoting, linking.UNIT VInformation Technology today: internet and world Wide Web (WWW): structure and organization of the www, browsers, information search in www, search engines, pharmaceutical resources in www types of indexing tools and search strategies, Hyper Text Manuscripts Language (HTML) and E mail.

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Database Management: Concepts and objectives of database management systems, advantages of the database management systems and examples of DBMS packages (DBASEIII)Introduction to structured Query language (SQL): over view of SQL, Reserved words, SQL commands.Computer Applications in pharmaceutical and clinical studies, computer validation introduction.

TEXT BOOKS1. Pranab Kumar Benarjee, (2007). Introduction to Biostatistics. New Delhi. S

Chand Publications.2. Khan and Khanum, (1994) Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 2 nd edition, Kolkatta,

Ukaaz Publications.3. Ron Mansfiled, (1996) Working in Microsoft Office. Osborne McGraw-Hill, United

states.4. Ivan Bayross, (2002) SQL, PL/SQL The Programming Language of oracle.

London, BPB Publications.5. Dona E. Knath, The Art of Computer Programming, New Delhi, Pearson

Education (Singapore) Pvt. 6. Remez Elmasi, Shankar B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database System, New

Delhi, Pearson Education (Singapore ) Pvt. 7. Collins, Dictionary of computers and IT by Ian Sinclair, Glasgow,Harper Collins

Publishers. 8. Y. Raja Raman, (1994) Computer Programming in C. New Delhi, K Ghosh

Prentice Hall.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem. C L T/P

4 1/- 4

PHYSICAL PHARMACY-I

UNIT-IIntermolecular forces and states of matter : Binding forces between molecules, the states of matter, the gaseous state, the liquid state, solids and the crystalline state.Phase equilibria and the phase rule.: Systems containing one, two and three components,Thermal Analysis: Differential scanning Calorimetry; Diffrential thermal analysis and Thermogravimetric analysis.Physical properties of Drug Molecules: Dielectric constant, induced polarization, dipole moment, refractive index and molar refraction, optical rotatory dispersion .

UNIT-2Thermodynamics: The first law of thermodynamics. Thermochemistry. The second law of thermodynamics. The third law of thermodynamics, Free energy functions and applications.

UNIT-3Solutions of Non electrolytes: Concentration expressions, ideal and real solutions, colligative properties, molecular weight determinations. Solutions of Electrolytes: Properties of solutions of electrolytes. The Arrhenius theory of electrolyte dissociation. The modern theory of strong electrolytes and other coefficients for expressing colligative properties.Ionic equilibria: Modern theories of acids, bases and salts, Sorensen's pH scale, specific concentration as a function of pH, calculation of pH, acidity constants.

UNIT -4Buffers and buffered isotonic systems: The buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions, methods of adjusting tonicity and pH (relevant numerical problems).

UNIT-5Electromotive force and oxidation Reduction systems: Electrochemical cells. Electrometric determination of pH and redox. Hydrogen and glass electrodes, operation of pH meter, ion elective electrodes, Applications of Oxdn – Redn Potentials (Redox potentials) in pharmacy.

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Text Books

1. Subrahmanyam C.V.S , Essentials of Physical Pharmacy, 2005, Delhi ,Vallabh Prakashan, 1st edition .

2. Martin A.N & Cammarata .A ,Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences,1983 Philadelphia, 6th Edition,

3. Hougen and Watson K.M, Chemical Process principles,2004, New Age International ,2nd edition

4. Shoton & Ridgway, Physical Pharmaceutics ,2004,London , Oxford press ,2nd

edition,5. Gennaro A.R , Remington’s Pharmaceuticals Sciences , 2010 , Mack

Publishing ,21st edition

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem. L T/P C 3 1/- 3

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGYUNIT-I

Basic Principles of Cell Injury, Adaptation & Process of Inflammation: Causes of cellular injury, pathogenesis, morphology of cell injury. Cellular adaptations, atrophy, hypertrophy, acute and chronic inflammation, mediators of inflammation, brief outline of the process of repair.

UNIT-IIUrinogenital system: Various parts, structures and functions of the kidney and urinary tract. Physiology of urine formation and acid base balance, Male and Female reproductive systems, physiology of menstruation, coitus and fertilization. Sex differentiation, spermatogenesis. Urological Disorders-urinary incontinence, cystitis, BPH

UNIT-IIIDigestive System: Gross anatomy of the gastro intestinal tract, functions of its different parts including those of the liver, pancreas and gall bladder, various gastrointestinal secretions and their role in the absorption and digestion of food, peptic ulcer, IBD, hepatic disorders

UNIT-IVRespiratory System: Anatomy and functions of respiratory system, mechanism and regulation of respiration, respiratory volumes and vital capacity. Respiratory diseases

UNIT-VHormones and functions in Health and disease: Basic anatomy and physiology of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, testes and ovary, their hormones and functions.

TEXT BOOKS1) Gerard Tortora, J., Bryan Derrickson, H. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and

Physiology. 12th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

2) Elaine Marieb, N. (2009). Essential of Human Anatomy & Physiology. 8th ed.

New Delhi: Pearson education Inc.

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3) Anne Waugh, Allison Grant, Ross & Willson. (2010). Text Book of Human

Anatomy and physiology in health and illness.11th Ed.UK: Elsevier Ltd.

4) Robbins. (2012). Basic Pathology. 8th Ed. Noida: Elsvier Ltd.5) Harsh Mohan. (2010). Text Book of Pathology. 6th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee

Brothers Medical Publidshers Pvt. Ltd.6) Arthur Guyton, C., John Hall, E. (2005). Textbook of Medical Physiology. 10th

Ed. New Delhi: Elsevier Ltd.7) Sembulingam, K., and Prema Sembulingam. (2004). Essentials of Medical

Physiology. 3rd Ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Bros Medical publishers Ltd.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem L T/P C 0 -/3 2PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB – III

I. Synthesis of some simple heterocyclic compounds.a. 5,5-diphenyl hydantoin from Benzil.b. Benzotriazole from O-phenylene diamine.c. 2,3-Diphenyquinoxaline from O-phenylene diamine.d. Piperazine-2,5-dione from Glycine.e. 2,5-dimethyl furan from Hexane-2,5-dione.f. Oxazolone from Benzoylglycine.

II. Molecular rearrangements and named reactionsa. Benzimidazole from o-phenylenediamine (Phillip’s Reaction).b. Benzanilide from benzophenone oxime (Beckmann’s rearrangement)c. Preparation of 2-phenylindole from Phenyl hydrazine by Fischer’s method.  

III. Systematic analysis of organic binary mixtures

IV Analysis of oils & fats

a. Determination of Acid value of fixed oils.b. Determination of Saponification value of a fixed oil.c. Determination of Iodine value of a fixed oil.

REFERENCES

1. Tatchell AR, Furniss BS, Hannaford AJ, Smith PWG. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. 5th Ed. New Delhi: Pearson Education Ltd; 2008.

2. Bansal RK. Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry. 5th Ed. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd; 2010.

3. Mann FG, Saunders BC. Practical Organic Chemistry. : 4th Ed. New Delhi: Orient Longman Limited; 2001.

4. Ahluwalia V.K., Renu Aggarwal. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry Preparation and Quantitative Analysis. Hyderabad: University Press (India) Private Limited; 2000.

5. Indian Pharmacopoeia. – 2010`.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem L T/P C 0 -/3 2

STATISTICAL METHODS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS LAB

1.Solving biostatistics problems related to inference, sampling, graphical representation of data etc., with the help of calculators and software programs like Graph-pad.Sample programs in C: Program to calculate simple and complex arithmetic expressions, program using structures, program using loops and nested loops, program using functions and simple programs using arrays.3. Operating systems like WINDOWS, UNIX, etc4. Software packages like MS-WORD, EXCEL, ACCESS and POWER POINT.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem L T/P C 0 -/3 2

PHYSICAL PHARMACY-1 LAB

1. Percent composition – Capillary Flow method2. Molecular weight – Rast-camphor method3. Molecular weight – Landsberger method. 4. Calibration of pH Meter5. pH Estimation – pH meter 6. Phenol water system – CST7. Effect of impurity on CST of Phenol –Water system. 8. Determination of Refractive index of liquids. 9. Preparation of Buffers and Buffer Capacity Determination.10.Ternary phase diagram.11. pH Estimation – colourimetric method.12.Percent composition – polarimeter & refractometer 13.Lower consolute temperature – Tea and Water14.Determination of viscosity using Ostwald viscometer.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem L T/P C 0 -/3 2

Health, Education and Pathophysiology Lab

1. Study of reproductive system with the help of charts and models – 2 Experiments.2. Various devices used in Famliy planning like Copper T, Lippers loop, Pills, Diaphram and Condom. 3. Microscopic studies of abnormal tissue sections – 4 Experiments.4. Simple experiments involved in the analysis of normal and abnormal urine; collection of specimen, appearance, determination of pH, sugars, proteins, urea and creatinine – 4 Experiments.5. Physiological experiments on nerve muscle preparations – 4 Experiments.

REFERENCES1. Gerard J Tortora, Bryan H Derrickson.Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Vol -

1&2 .12th Ed New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2009.

2. S. R. Kale and R. R. Kale, Practicl Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology, 12th Ed,

Pune, Nirali Prakashan, 2011

3. David T. Plummer, An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3rd Ed, Delhi, Tata

McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2011

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year II Sem. L T/P C 3 1/- 4

PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS-II

UNIT –IFluid Flow: Types of flow, Reynold's number, viscosity, concept of boundary layer, basic equations of fluid flow, valves, flow meters, manometers and measurement of flow and pressure.Heat Transfer: Nature of heat flow Conduction: - Fourier's law, thermal conductivity, compound resistance in series, heat flow through a cylinder - mean radius and mean area.Convection: - Natural and forced convection, temperature gradients in forced convection, surface and over all coefficients. Parallel current and counter current flow.Radiation: -black body, Stefan Boltzaman law, and gray body. Heaters, heat interchangers, scraped surface exchangers, extended surface equipment.Steam as heating medium: - properties and uses of steam traps, vacuum pumps, condensers, entrainment separators, foam and its prevention.

UNIT-IIFiltration and Centrifugation: Theory of filtration, filter aids, filter media, industrial filters including filter press, rotary filter, edge filter, etc. Factors affecting filtration, mathematical problems on filtration, optimum-cleaning cycle in batch filters.Principles of centrifugation, industrial centrifugal filters, centrifugal filters, and centrifugal sedimeters.

UNIT-III  Crystalization: Characteristics of crystals like; purity, size, shape, geometry, habit, forms, size and factors affecting it. Solubility curves and calculation of yields. Material and heat balances around Swenson Walker Crystallizer. Supersaturation theory and its limitations. Nucleation mechanisms, crystal growth. Study of various types of crystallizers, tanks, agitated batch, single vacuum, circulating magma and crystal crystallizers. Caking of crystals and its prevention. Numerical problems on yields.

UNIT-IVDehumidification and Humidity control :Basic concepts and definition, wet bulb and adiabatic saturation temperature. Psychrometric chart and measurement of humidity, application of humidity measurement in pharmacy, equipments for dehumidification operations.

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UNIT-VIndustrial hazards and safety precautions: Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, fire and dust hazards. Industrial dermatities, accident records etc.

TEXT BOOKS1. Carter SJ, Cooper and Gunss's Tutorial Pharmacy (2005). Tutorial Pharmacy.

6th ed. Delhi: CBS publisher .2. Subramanyam CVS (2009). Pharmaceytical Engineering. Delhi: Vallabh

Prakashan3. Sambamurty K (2008). Pharmaceutical Engineering. Delhi: Newage INT(P) LMT.4. Mc Cabe and Smith (2005). Unit operations. 7th ed. Newyork: Mc Graw-Hill

Companies.5. Macebe WI, Smith Macro JC (2001). Unit operations To Chemical Engineering.

London: Hill Int. Book CO.6. Lachman L, Lieberman H, Kaniz JL (1991). The Theory and Practice of Industrial

Pharmacy. 3rd ed. Lee and Febiger Philadelphia,USA: Varghese Publisher house.

7. Badger and Banchoro (2010). Introduction to Chemical Engineering. New-Delhi: Tata Mc graw hill Education pvt lmt.

8. Perry. (2007). Handbook of Chemical engineering. Newyork: McGraw Hill Professional.

9. Aulton ME (2002). Pharmaceutics-The science of dosage form design. Churchill livingstone: Harcourt publications limited.

10.Rawlin's EA, Bentley's (2004). Textbook of Pharmaceutics. 8th ed. India: All India traveller book seller.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year II Sem. L T/P C 3 1/- 4

PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I

UNIT –IComputation of analytical results, significant figures, concept of error, precision, accuracy, standard deviation, rejection of doubtful values with special reference to volumetric analysis.Calibration of analytical equipment used in volumetric analysis.A)Theory of Neutralization Titration: Acidimetry, Alkalimetry and pH indicators.B) General Principles and theory of oxidation-reduction methods. An account of the indicators used in these titrations.Application of the above methods in the analysis of drugs.

UNIT-IIA)Complexometric titration: Theory, types and application in pharmaceutical analysis. Masking and demasking and their applications.

B) Non-aqueous Titration: Theory, types, solvents used and application in pharmaceutical analysis.  C) Precipitation Titration: Theory, types and application in pharmaceutical analysis.D)Karl-Fisher method of estimation of water and other methods of moisture determination.

UNIT-III A)Potentiometry: Potentiometric titrations, applications in pharmaceutical analysis.B)Conductometric titrations: Basic concepts, different types of conductometric titrations, apparatus used, applications in pharmaceutical analysis.C)Polarography: basic concepts, apparatus and principles, general polarographic analysis, applications in pharmaceutical analysis.

UNIT – IVA)Flamephotometry: Introduction, study and working principles and instrumentations used for analysis, applications applications in pharmaceutical analysis.B)Principle, instrumentation and applications involved in the followingi) Refractometryii) Polarimetryiii) Nephlometry and turbidimetry

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UNIT – VStudy of seperations and determinations involving the following techniques and their applications in pharmacy.A)Column Chromatography: Adsorption and partition theory, preparation, procedure, methods of detection.B)Thin layer chromatography: Theoretical consideration, preparation, procedure, detection of compounds.C)Paper chromatography: Theory of partition, different techniques employed, filter papers used, quantitative and qualitative detection.d)Introduction to paper electrophoresis.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Dr A.V Kasture, DR S.G Wadodkar, Dr K.R Mahadik, Dr H.N More (2011)Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol I&II, 17th edn., Pune: Nirali Prakashan.2. Dr Gurudeep R. Chatwal, Dr Sham K.Anand (2002) Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th edn., Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House.3. Dr B.K Sharma (2011) Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 27th edn., Meerut: Goel Publishing House.4. A.A Napoleon (2006) Pharmaceutical Titrimetric Analysis, 1st edn., Vellore: Kalaimani Publishers and Distributors.5. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stanlake (1997) Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol I&II, 1st edn., New Delhi: CBS Publishers.6. J Mendham, R.C Denny, JD Barnes, M.Thomas, B.Sivasankar (2000) Vogel's Text book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th edn., India: Pearson Education Ltd.Indian Pharmacopoeia 2011

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year II Sem. L T/P C 3 1/- 3

PHARMACOGNOSY – I

Systematic Pharmcognosy study, which includes sources (Biological and Geographical)

macroscopic characters, microscopic characters, chemical constituents, chemical tests,

uses, substituent and adulterants of the crude drugs mentioned in the following units.

MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS OF ONLY THE DRUGS UNDERLINED SHALL BE

STUDIED.

UNIT-IIntroduction to pharmacognosy: Definition, History, Scope and Development of

Pharmacognosy. Crude drug: Definition, Classification:-Alphabetical, morphological,

taxonomical and chemical classification with examples.

Natural sources of drugs with examples: - Plant source, Animal source, Mineral

source, Marine source and microorganisms. Organized and unorganized crude drugs

with examples.

UNIT-II Cultivation, collection, harvesting, drying, garbling, packing, storage and preservation of

medicinal plants. Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants.

Plant hormones and their applications. Definitions and examples for Polyploidy,

mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants.

UNIT-III Systematic Phamacognostic study of Carbohydrates and derived products:

Acacia, Agar, Guar gum, Starch, Pectin, Isabgol, Honey.

Systematic Phamacognostic study of fallowing fibers: Cotton, Jute, Wool, and Silk.

UNIT-IV Systemic Pharmacognostic study of the following LipidsPlant sources: Castor oil, Linseed oil, Coca butter, and Olive oil.

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Animal sources: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil, Bees wax, Wool fat, Spermaceti wax,

Lard and Emu bird oil.

UNIT-V Systemic Pharmacognostic study of the following volatile oils: Coriander, Cinnamon, Clove, Fennel.

Ajowain, Celery oil, Calamus, Cedar wood oil, Gaultheria, Lavender, Patchouli, Valerian and Vetiver.

TEXT BOOKS1. Kokate, C.K., et al., Pharmacognosy , 2010, Pune, Nirali Prakashan, 45th edition.

2. Trease and Evans, Pharmacognosy, 2006, New Delhi, Elsevier, 15th edition.

3. Tyler, V. E.et al., Pharmacognosy 2011, India, Wolters Kluwer, 9th edition

4. Walls, T. E. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 2005, New Delhi, CBS Publishers and

distributors, 5th edition.

5. Vinod Rangari.D Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, 209, Maharashtra, India,

Nishad deshmukh, 2nd edition.

6. Govt. of India, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India, 2001, New Delhi, The

Controller of Publication, Civil Lines, 1st edition, Volume I- II.

7. Handa and Kapoor, V. K., Text book of Pharmacognosy, 2004, New Delhi, Vallabh

Prakashan, 3rd edition.

8. Ali. Mohd. Pharmacognosy, 2008, New Delhi, CBS Publishers and Distributors, 1st

edition, Volume I- II.

9. Mukherjee. K, Quality Control Herbal Drugs, 2010, New Delhi, Business Horizons,

4th edition.

10.Farooqi, A. A. and Sree Ramu. B.S, Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops,

2010, India, University press, Hyderabad, 3rd edition.

11.Ansari.S.H, Essentials of pharmacognosy, 2011, New Delhi, Birla Publications,

4th edition.

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year II Sem. T T/P C 4 1/- 4

UNIT-I Solubility and Distribution Phenomena: Solvent-solute interaction, solubility of gases in liquids, liquids in liquids, solids in liquids, Distribution of solutes in immiscible solvents. Application of Partition-coefficient in Pharmacy.Introduction to phenomena of diffusion: Ficks first law and second law. 

UNIT-2Chemical Kinetics: Rates and orders of the reaction. Influence of temperature and other factors on reaction rates. Decomposition and stabilization of medicinal agents, kinetics in the solid state and accelerated stability analysis (relevant numerical problems).Complexation: Metal complexes, organic molecular complexes in inclusion complex, and methods of analysis, complexation and drug action. 

UNIT- 3Interfacial Phenomena: Liquid interfaces, measurement of surface and interfacial tensions, adsorption at liquid interfaces. Surface-active agents and systems of hydrophilic lipophillic classification, Solubilization and detergency, Adsorption at solid interfaces. Electrical properties of interfaces. , Nernst and zeta potentials.

UNIT- 4Micromeritics: Particle size and size distribution, methods for determining surface area, methods for determining practicle size, pore size, particle shape and surface area,Porosity, derived properties of powders.Colloids: Introduction, types of colloidal systems, solubilization, Stability of colloids,Gold number, optical properties, kinetic properties, electrical properties and Donnan Membrane equilibrium. Coarse Dispersions: Suspensions, emulsions: suspensions, interfacial properties of suspended particles. Settling in suspensions. Formulation of suspensions: emulsions- theories of emulsification, physical stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions and suspensions

 UNIT- 5Rheology: Newtonian system, non-Newtonian system, thixotropy, measurement and applications in formulations. Determination of viscosity, Psychorheology Types of viscometer and its applications. Polymers: Definition, Types of Polymers, Water Soluble and Water Insoluble Polymers; Polymers as Thickening Agents; Pharmaceutical Application of Polymers.

Text Books

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1. Subrahmanyam C.V.S , Textbook of Physical Pharmaceutics, 2005, Delhi ,Vallabh Prakashan, 1st edition .

2. Martin A.N & Cammarata .A ,Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences,1983 Philadelphia, 6th Edition,

3. Hougen and Watson K.M, Chemical Process principles,2004, New Age International ,2nd edition

4. Shoton & Ridgway, Physical Pharmaceutics ,2004,London , Oxford press ,2nd

edition,5. Gennaro A.R , Remington’s Pharmaceuticals Sciences , 2010 , Mack

Publishing ,21st edition

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year II Sem. T T/P C 3 1/- 3

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

UNIT-I:  The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies:Definition, scope and importance.  Natural Resources:a. Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people.b. Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, dams-benefits and problems.c. Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies.d. Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-agrochemicals problems, water logging, salinity, case studiese. Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources, case studies.f. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification.

UNIT-II:Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem. Structure and function of an ecosystem. Producers, consumers and decomposers. Energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession. Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem:a) Forest ecosystem b) Grassland ecosystem, c) Desert ecosystem, d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

UNIT-III:Biodiversity and its conservation: Introduction, definition: genetic species and ecosystem diversity.

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Biogeographically, classification of India. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, and social, ethical, aesthetic and option values, biodiversity at global, national and local levels. India as a mega-diversity nation. Hot spots of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India.Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ conservation of biodiversity

UNIT-IV :Environmental Pollution: Definition, causes, effects and control measures of:a) Air pollution, b) Water pollution, c) Soil pollution, d) Marine pollution, e) Noise pollution, f) Thermal pollution and g) Nuclear hazards. 

Solid and liquid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Pollution case studies. Disaster management: Floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

UNIT-VSocial Issues and the Environment: From unsustainable to sustainable development. Urban problems related to energy. Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case studies. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear Accidents and holocaust. Case studies: Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products. 

Environment protection Act. The air (prevention and control of pollution) act 1981. The Water (prevention and control of pollution) act 1974.The wildlife protection Act 1972. The Forest conservation Act 1980. Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness. Human population and the EnvironmentPopulation growth, variation among nations. Population explosion – Family welfare programme. Environment and human health, human rights. Value education, role of information technology in environment and human health. Case studies.

TEXT BOOKS

1. M. Anji Reddy , (2007) Text Book of Environmental Sciences & Technology, Hyderabad, BS Publications.

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2. Connar, (1997) Basic Concepts of Environmental Chemistry, New York, Lewis Publications.3. D.K Asthana and Meera, (2006) Text book of Environmental studies, New Delhi, S Chand Publications.4. Y. Anjaneyulu (2004), Introduction to Environmental Science, Hyderabad, B.S. Publication.5. William P. Cunningham & Mary Ann Cunningham (2007), Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry & Applications, New York, MC GrawHill Publications.6. W. P. Cooper (2008), Environmental Encyclopedia, , Mumbai, Jaico Publishing House7. K. C. Agarwal (2008), Environmental Biology, Bikaner, Nidi Publishers Ltd, 8. R.Rajagopalan, (2005), Environmental Studies, India, Oxford University Press. 

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS(AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year I Sem L T/P C 0 -/3 2

PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS-II LAB1. Measurement of flow of fluids and their pressure, determination of reynold's number

and calculation of frictional losses.

2. Evaluation of filter media, determination of rate filtration and study of factors affecting

filtration including filter aids. 

3. Determination of Humidity use of Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb thermometers and

Psychometric charts.

4. Determination of overall Heat Transfer Coefficient.

5. Determination of rate of evaporation.

6. Determination of rate of drying, free moisture content and bound moisture content.

7. Experiments to illustrate the influence of various parameters on the time of drying.

8. Experiments to illustrate principles of size reduction, Laws governing energy and

power requirements of a size reduction.

9. Experiments to illustrate solid solid mixing, determination of mixing efficiency using

different types of mixers.

 

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year II Sem. L T/P C 0 -/3 2

PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – I LAB

1. Assay of Pharmaceutical compounds based on chemical methods such as a) acid baseb) oxidation-reductionc) non-aqueousd) complexometric titration methods.

2. Conductometric determination of equivalent point of titration of HCI with NaoH.3. Potentiometric determination of strength of unknown solution and HCL with

NaoH4. Nephelometric determination of sulfate.5. Fluorimetric estimation of quinine.6. Flame photometric determination of Sodium.7. Flame photometric determination of Potassium.8. Determination of refractive index of liquids by Abbe refractrometer.

TEXT BOOKS1.M.M Alam, mumoona Akthar, Asif Husain, M.Shaquiquzzaman (2011) Practical Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, New Delhi: Elsevier.2. Sonali Sheorey, Meera Honrao (2003) Practical Pharmaceutical Analysis-I, 1st edn., Nashik: Career Publishers.3.Indian Pharmacopoeia 2011

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year II Sem. L T/P C 0 -/3 2

PHYSICAL PHARMACY-2 – I LAB

1. Determination of bulk density, true density and percentage porosity. 2.Determination of Surface tension using Stalagmometer3. Effect of particle size and effect of glidant on angle of repose.4. Microscopic size analysis.5. Determination of particle size by Andreason Pippette.6. Determination of CMC of a surfactant.7. Partition coefficient determination.8. Determination of sedimentation volume and degree of flocculation.9. Determination of Order of reaction – First order..10. Effect of temperature on solubility of solid in liquid.11. Effect of addition of Salt/pH/cosolvent on the solubility 12. HLB value estimation of surfactants.13. Preparation of Multiple emulsion - Demonstration.14.Demonstration of Brook field viscometer.15. Calculation of Zeta potential –Demonstration

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ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Pharmacy II year II Sem. L T/P C 0 -/3 2

PHARMACOGNOSY - I LAB

1. Spotting of crude drugs mentioned in the theory.2. Collection of natural herbs and preparation of herbarium / laminated photos for

five drugs. 3. Measurement of particle size range of potato starch.4. Isolation and determination of volatile oil content in caraway fruit/clove.5. Measurement of size range of phloem fibers in Cinnamon powder.6. Chemical test for identification and detection to adulteration in acacia,

tragacanth, agar and honey.7. Determination of Swelling factor of isabgol seeds8. Perform the Transverse section of fallowing crude drugs Fennel, coriander,

clove, cinnamon.9. Perform the physical evaluation of olive oil/castor oil ( Solubility, density and

viscosity)10.Perform the chemical methods of evaluation of crude drugs containing fixed oils

and lipids, methods mentioned in IP for Castrol oil, Olive oil, Kokum butter, bees wax.

11.Extraction of pectin from orange peels.

TEXT BOOKS1. Kandhelwal, K.R., Practical Pharmacognosy, 2010, Pune, Nirali Prakashan, 22nd

edition.2. Kokate, C. K., Practical Pharmacognosy, 2004, Delhi, Vallabh Prakashan, 4th

edition.

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