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1 Which Personality Theory?
BEHAVIORISM!!!
“Give me any child and I’ll shape him into anything.”--Burrhus Frederic Skinner
“Give me a dozen healthy infants ... and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select — doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.“--John Broadus Watson
2 Behaviorism @ Work!!!
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B-ZoqiiMdC15azlieGdmeFItUm8
3 Cuteness Overload
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B-ZoqiiMdC15RndiWW9naC1zZVU
5 Overview
Background Introduction & Differences from a few other theories Main Foci & Concepts of Logotherapy Logotherapy as a technique Summary & Conclusion Final Thoughts
9
What do you consider “very important” to you right NOW in your life?
Are you living for these things?Would you die for them?
10 Main Foci Logotherapy focuses on the future and
meaning Patients are confronted and reoriented to
meaning in their lives Primary motivational force is meaning of
existence Will to meaning more important than will to
pleasure and will to power This meaning is unique and specific b/c only
the person can achieve it People are able to live and sometimes die for
their ideals and values We need something for which to live or die Surveys show that most people prefer to find
purpose and meaning in life than just to have money
11 Existential Frustration
Will to meaning can be frustrated (existential frustration)
Existential refers to three thingsExistence itselfMeaning of existenceStriving to find tangible,
personal meaning Existential frustration can lead to
neuroses
12 Neuroses Neuroses caused by existential frustration
are called noogenic neuroses Originates in the mind—not
psychological or from conflicts of drives and instincts
Not all conflicts are neurotic; some are healthy and normal
Logotherapy rather than psychotherapy is needed in such cases
Man’s concern or sadness due to worthlessness is existential distress—NOT mental disease
Logotherapy’s job or goal is to help patients find meaning in life
13 Noo-Dynamics Search for meaning can cause inner tension instead
of balance, equilibrium, or homeostasisMan needs noo-dynamics
polar poles: 1 is meaning to be fulfilled and the other is the man who will fulfill it
Such tension is good (prerequisite) for mental health
Having something to live for can help one endure many harsh situations
14 Existential Vacuum & Meaning of Life
Vacuum-void/emptiness withinManifest itself in boredom
Sunday Neuroses; mask/compensated
Man have to make choices; nothing will tell them what to doCan choose for oneself or
conform/totalitarianismMeaning differs from person to
person, day to day, hour to hourLIVE in the MOMENT
15 Essence of Existence Essence of life is to live as if one is living for
the second time and wants to improve life Logotherapy makes patient aware of
responsibilities (eye dr. vs painter)Man is responsible to achieve self-actualization
True meaning is found in the world and not in man (self-transcendence)
Actualization is a side effect/result—don’t pursue it
Meaning of life always changes
16 Meaning of Love & Suffering Love—primary phenomenon; not side effect of sex
Allows us to fully understand othersSex is a way to express togetherness, which is
love Suffering can also help us find meaning
Must transform personal tragedies into victoriesSuffering is no longer suffering once meaning is foundWe must change our attitudes—don’t seek suffering thoughUnhappiness is not a symptom of maladjustment
17 Some Extra Thoughts Inviting people to think of their last days can motivate
them to live in the nowThis helps people to find meaning or get motivation to
live People need to be able to see and understand different
views and approaches “Having been is the surest kind of being” Lootherapy recognizes the transitoriness of existence
18 Logotherapy as a Technique Logotherapy established the special technique called
“Paradoxical Intention” w/ 2 aspects1. Fear engenders the very thing of which a person is afraid 2. Hyper-tension makes it impossible to get what someone
wishes This technique allows people to be okay with their fears by
Making fun of it or themselves (paradoxical wish and paradoxical intention)
Self-detachment innate in sense of humorLearning to laugh at oneself leads to self-management
Can also be applied w/ sleep disturbances, obsessive-compulsive disorder
19 Summary Every age has its own collective neurosis and need its own
psychotherapy Psychotherapy denies that man is free Freedom is restricted but man can defy and brave the worst
conditions Man is self-determine Man is more than psyche Whether neurotic or healthy, there will always be freedom
available to people--even if it’s small Psychotherapy needs to re-humanized people See the person behind the disease
20 Conclusion
Sometimes, we may have to change our attitudes
Freedom can NEVER be taking away
There are always choices
22 References
Atherton J S (2013) Learning and Teaching; Figures in Behaviourism [On-line: UK] retrieved 9 November 2015 from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/figures_behaviourism.htm
[Between stimulus and response]. Retrieved from http://coachcampus.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Aleka_Thorvalson_coaching-model1.png
Existential vacuum. Retrieved from www.critical-theory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/existential-vacuum.jpg Existential frustration. Retrieved from http://
images.8tracks.com/cover/i/001/993/750/exfr-1875.png?rect=0,0,700,700&q=98&fm=jpg&fit=max&w=640&h=640 LifespanLearning LA. (2009, January 19). Search for meaning in life today with Viktor Frankl [Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_Cey-UZX-E [Meaning of life humor]. Retrieved from https://
s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/96/fe/fb/96fefb6e8fcdf797104df4e2019686e2.jpg NanaBorderCollie. (2014, August 24). Awesome, amazing rat tricks [Video File]. Retrieved from https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=7g2rxtWu_FMSteve W’s Channel. (2009, January 9). Viktor Frankl “man alive" 1977 1 of 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hX4eaMUiIw0Steve W’s Channel. (2009, January 9). Viktor Frankl “man alive" 1977 2 of 2 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpN2D_tGsiY