CREATING TOMORROW’S SOLUTIONS

VINNOL® SURFACE COATING RESINSVINYL CHLORIDE COPOLYMERS AND TERPOLYMERS

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VINNOL®-COATING RESINS –A STRONG SYSTEM

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ContentsGeneral product information 4– Product overview VINNOL® 5– Applications

VINNOL® without functional groups 8VINNOL® with functional groups 10

– Solubility table 12– Viscosity graphs 16– Polymer compatibility table 18

VINNOL® for industrial coatings 20VINNOL® for printing inks 24VINNOL® for heat-sealable coatings 27WACKER at a glance 31

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The brochure “VINNOL® SURFACE COATING RESINS – VINYL CHLORIDECO- AND TERPOLYMERS“ describes the properties, application areas andadvantages that VINNOL® offers for theformulation of– Industrial coatings,– Printing inks and– Heat-sealable and heat-seal-resistant

coatings for aluminum foil.

WACKER and VINNOL® are registered trademarks of Wacker Chemie AG.

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GENERAL PRODUCT INFORMATION

The product range currently contains– VINNOL® surface coating resins

without functional groups– VINNOL® surface coating resins with

carboxyl groups – VINNOL® surface coating resins with

hydroxyl groups.

VINNOL® surface coating resins are further classified as E and H grades inaccordance with the polymerization process employed in their production,namely emulsion or suspension poly-merization.

VINNOL® E resins are made by an emulsionpolymerization process, and VINNOL® Hresins by a suspension process. Theexcellent pigment wetting properties ofVINNOL® E grades render them ideal forpigmented systems, whereas VINNOL®

H grades are best used in transparentcoatings.

VINNOL® resins without functional groupsare copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylacetate of different molar compositionsand degrees of polymerization.

VINNOL® resins containing carboxyl groups,the VINNOL® M grades, are terpolymersof vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and dicarb-oxylic acids. The VINNOL® M grades also differ in their molar composition, anddegree and method of polymerization.

VINNOL® resins containing hydroxylgroups, the VINNOL® E/A grades, arecopolymers and terpolymers of vinylchloride, hydroxy acrylate and, some-times, dicarboxylic acid ester. They, too, differ in their compositions anddegrees of polymerization.

The physical and chemical properties ofthe VINNOL® surface coating resins varywith the degree of polymerization andthe molar distribution of the individualconstituents in the polymer backbone.

Given otherwise constant polymer com-position, as the molecular weight (K value)increases, the solution viscosity alsoincreases. So, too, do the mechanicalstrength and softening range.

A rise in the polymer’s vinyl acetate con-tent greatly increases the flexibility ofVINNOL® coatings. In direct contrast tothe effect of increasing the molecularweight, increasing the vinyl acetate con-tent lowers the solution viscosity andsoftening range. Vinyl chloride-vinylacetate copolymers, with very high vinylacetate content, such as the grades inour VINNOL® H 40 series, are frequentlyused to enhance the flexibility of coatingsystems that are subject to stretchingand to reduce the heat-sealing tempera-ture of heat-sealable coatings.

WACKER markets vinyl chloridecopolymers and terpolymers underthe trade name VINNOL® surface coating resins.

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Products containing a dicarboxylic acid inaddition to vinyl chloride and vinyl acetateexhibit excellent adhesion, particularly tometal substrates. Adhesion to mineralsubstrates is also enhanced.

Vinyl chloride copolymers containinghydroxyl groups are ideal for producing2-pack resin coatings, such as bakingenamels. The desired properties can be selected by choosing the reactioncomponents carefully.

These cross-linking systems show in-creased thermomechanical resistanceand, depending on the extent of cross-linking, improved surface hardness andabrasion resistance.

Suitable reaction components for vinylchloride copolymers and terpolymerscontaining hydroxyl groups are mainly:– Phenolic resins,– Epoxy resins,– Melamine resins and– Isocyanate resins.

WACKER currently markets the followingVINNOL® surface coating resins:

VINNOL® resins without functionalgroups:– VINNOL® E 15/45– VINNOL® E 20/45– VINNOL® H 14/36– VINNOL® H 15/42– VINNOL® H 15/50– VINNOL® H 11/59– VINNOL® H 40/43– VINNOL® H 40/50– VINNOL® H 40/55– VINNOL® H 40/60

VINNOL® resins with carboxyl groups:– VINNOL® E 15/45 M– VINNOL® H 15/45 M– VINNOL® H 15/45 M special– VINNOL® H 30/48 M

VINNOL® resins with hydroxyl groups:– VINNOL® E 15/40 A– VINNOL® E 15/48 A– VINNOL® E 22/48 A

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VINNOL® SURFACE COATING RESINSPRODUCT OVERVIEW

1) 20 % solution in methyl ethyl ketone, dissolved at 50 °C2) WACKER method3) Method: SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatography)

Solvent: THFStandard: Polystyrene

4) The information contained is for guideline only.We make no warranty as to the accuracy of these data and they should not be interpreted as a specification.

5) DIN EN ISO 1628-2

Grades

E 15/45

E 20/45

H 14/36

H 15/42

H 15/50

H 11/59

H 40/43

H 40/50

H 40/55

H 40/60

E 15/45 M

H 15/45 M

H 15/45 M special

H 30/48 M

E 15/40 A

E 15/48 A

E 22/48 A

without functional groups

with carboxyl groups

with hydroxyl groups

Vinyl chloride

% by wt2

85.0 ± 1.0

80.0 ± 1.0

85.6 ± 1.0

86.0 ± 1.0

85.0 ± 1.0

89.0 ± 1.0

65.7 ± 1.0

63.0 ± 1.0

62.0 ± 1.0

61.0 ± 1.0

84.0 ± 1.0

84.0 ± 1.0

84.0 ± 1.0

70.0 ± 1.0

84.0 ± 1.0

83.5 ± 1.0

75.0 ± 1.0

Other monomers

% by wt2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

ca. 1.0

ca. 1.0

ca. 0.5

ca. 1.0

ca. 16.0

ca. 16.5

ca. 25.0

Vinyl acetate

% by wt2

15.0 ± 1.0

20.0 ± 1.0

14.4 ± 1.0

14.0 ± 1.0

15.0 ± 1.0

11.0 ± 1.0

34.3 ± 1.0

37.0 ± 1.0

38.0 ± 1.0

39.0 ± 1.0

15.0 ± 1.0

15.0 ± 1.0

15.0 ± 1.0

29.0 ± 1.0

-

-

-

Acid value

mg KOH/g

polymer2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7.5 ± 1.5

7.0 ± 1.5

4.5 ± 1.5

7.0 ± 1.5

-

-

-

Hydroxyl content

% by wt2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.8 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.2

Glass transition

temperature

Tg (DSC) °C 4

ca. 75

ca. 68

ca. 69

ca. 70

ca. 74

ca. 75

ca. 58

ca. 60

ca. 60

ca. 62

ca. 73

ca. 74

ca. 73

ca. 65

ca. 69

ca. 69

ca. 61

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K value5

45 ± 1

45 ± 1

35 ± 1

42 ± 1

50 ± 1

59 ± 1

42 ± 1

50 ± 1

55 ± 1

60 ± 1

45 ± 1

48 ± 1

48 ± 1

48 ± 1

39 ± 1

48 ± 1

48 ± 1

Molecular weight

average

Mw (SEC)3,4

45–55 x 10 3

45–55 x 10 3

30–40 x 10 3

35–50 x 10 3

60–80 x 10 3

80–120 x 10 3

40–50 x 10 3

60–80 x 10 3

80–120 x 10 3

100–140 x 10 3

50–60 x 10 3

60–80 x 103

60–80 x 103

60–80 x 103

40–50 x 10 3

60–80 x 10 3

60–80 x 10 3

Viscosity1

DIN 53015

[mPa·s]

37 ± 5

35 ± 5

13 ± 3

28 ± 5

70 ± 10

450 ± 100

25 ± 5

55 ± 10

100 ± 20

180 ± 30

40 ± 5

60 ± 10

60 ± 10

45 ± 10

20 ± 5

60 ± 10

45 ± 7

Particle

size mm2

< 2.5

< 2.5

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 2.5

< 1

< 1

< 1

< 2.5

< 2.5

< 2.5

Efflux time

ISO 2431

4 mm cup1, 4

ca. 36

ca. 32

ca. 20

ca. 26

ca. 66

-

ca. 26

ca. 45

ca. 80

ca. 145

ca. 34

ca. 50

ca. 50

ca. 45

ca. 22

ca. 69

ca. 46

Monomers in section

A/B of EU Directive

2002/72/EG

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/no

yes/yes

FDA regulation

§ 175.300

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

no

no

no

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APPLICATIONSVINNOL® WITHOUT FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Application

Adhesives

Adhesive for PVC-P

Adhesive for PVC-U

Industrial coatings

Artificial leather coatings

Coil coatings

Corrosion-protection coatings

Marine paints

Metal coatings

Plastic coatings

Strippable coatings

Vinyl wallpaper top coats

Wood varnishes

Magnetic storage media

Audio and video tape coatings

Magnetic stripes

Masonry paints

Concrete paints

Floor paints

Road-marking paints

Roof paints

Packaging coatings

Barrier coatings

Can coatings

Heat-sealable coatings

Primers for metallization

Protective coatings for metallized film

Pigment preparations

Chips/Liquid/Paste

Printing Inks

Gravure printing

Ink-jet printing

Screen printing

Transfer printing

= Recommended = Suitable

VINNOL®

E 15/45

VINNOL®

E 20/45

VINNOL®

H 14/36

VINNOL®

H 15/42

VINNOL®

H 15/50

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VINNOL®

H 11/59

VINNOL®

H 40/43

VINNOL®

H 40/50

VINNOL®

H 40/55

VINNOL®

H 40/60

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APPLICATIONSVINNOL® WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Application

Adhesives

Adhesive for metal

Two-Pack adhesive

Industrial coatings

Artificial leather coatings

Coil coatings

Corrosion-protection coatings

Marine paints

Metal coatings

Plastic coatings

Baking enamels

Vinyl wallpaper top coats

Wood varnishes

Magnetic storage media

Audio and video tape coatings

Magnetic stripes

Masonry paints

Concrete paints

Floor paints

Road-marking paints

Roof paints

Packaging coatings

Barrier coatings

Can coatings

Heat-sealable coatings

Heat-seal-resistant coatings

Primers for metallization

Protective coatings for metallized film

Pigment preparations

Chips/Liquid/Paste

Printing Inks

Gravure printing

Ink-jet printing

Screen printing

Transfer printing

= Recommended = Suitable

VINNOL®

E 15/45 M

VINNOL®

H 15/45 M

VINNOL®

H 15/45 M special

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VINNOL®

H 30/48 M

VINNOL®

E 15/40 A

VINNOL®

E 15/48 A

VINNOL®

E 22/48 A

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SOLUBILITY OF VINNOL®

IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS

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Methanol

Ethanol

n-Propanol

i-Propanol

n-Octanol

i-Butanol

Benzyl alcohol

Diacetone alcohol

Ethylene glycol

Diethylene glycol

Glycerol

Acetone

Methyl ethyl ketone

Methyl isobutyl ketone

Diisobutyl ketone

Cyclohexanone

Isophorone

Diethyl ether

Dioxane

Tetrahydrofuran

Glykol ethers

2-Methoxyethanol

2-Ethoxyethanol

2-Butoxyethanol

3-Methoxy-butanol-1

1-Methoxy-propanol-2

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Toluene

Xylene

Tetralin

Solvent naphtha

soluble insoluble partially soluble

20 % solids; H11/59: 10 % solids

Alcohols

Ketones

Ethers

Glykol ethers

Aromatic hydrocarbons

E 15/45 E 20/45 E 15/40 A E 15/48 A E 22/48 A E 15/45 M H 11/59 H 14/36

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soluble insoluble partially soluble

20 % solids

Alcohols

Ketones

Ethers

Glykol ethers

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Methanol

Ethanol

n-Propanol

i-Propanol

n-Octanol

i-Butanol

Benzyl alcohol

Diacetone alcohol

Ethylene glycol

Diethylene glycol

Glycerol

Acetone

Methyl ethyl ketone

Methyl isobutyl ketone

Diisobutyl ketone

Cyclohexanone

Isophorone

Diethyl ether

Dioxane

Tetrahydrofuran

2-Methoxyethanol

2-Ethoxyethanol

2-Butoxyethanol

3-Methoxy-butanol-1

1-Methoxy-propanol-2

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Toluene

Xylene

Tetralin

Solvent naphtha

H 15/42 H 15/50 H 15/45 M H 15/45 M special H 40/43 H 40/50 H 40/55H 30/48 M H 40/60

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n-Hexane

Cyclohexane

Petroleum spirit 100/140

White spirit 180/210

Decalin

Methyl acetate

Ethyl acetate

Propyl acetate

Isopropyl acetate

Butyl acetate

Isobutyl acetate

Amyl acetate

2-Methoxyethyl acetate

Methoxypropyl acetate

Methoxybutyl acetate

Butyl hydroxyethanoate

Methylene chloride

Ethylene chloride

Propylene chloride

Chloroform

Tetrachloromethane

Trichloroethylene

Tetrachloroethylene

Others

Dimethyl acetamide

Dimethyl formamide

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone

Dimethyl sulfoxide

Acetic acid

Propylene oxide

Pyridin

SOLUBILITY OF VINNOL®

IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS

soluble insoluble partially soluble

20 % solids; H11/59: 10 % solids

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Ester

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Others

E 15/45 E 20/45 E 15/40 A E 15/48 A E 22/48 A E 15/45 M H 11/59 H 14/36

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soluble insoluble partially soluble

20 % solids

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Ester

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Others

n-Hexane

Cyclohexane

Petroleum spirit 100/140

White spirit 180/210

Decalin

Methyl acetate

Ethyl acetate

Propyl acetate

Isopropyl acetate

Butyl acetate

Isobutyl acetate

Amyl acetate

2-Methoxyethyl acetate

Methoxypropyl acetate

Methoxybutyl acetate

Butyl hydroxyethanoate

ns

Methylene chloride

Ethylene chloride

Propylene chloride

Chloroform

Tetrachloromethane

Trichloroethylene

Tetrachloroethylene

Dimethyl acetamide

Dimethyl formamide

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone

Dimethyl sulfoxide

Acetic acid

Propylene oxide

Pyridin

H 15/42 H 15/50 H 15/45 M H 15/45 M special H 40/43 H 40/50 H 40/55H 30/48 M H 40/60

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VISCOSITY OF VINNOL® SURFACECOATING RESINS SOLUTIONSBASED ON % SOLIDS

H 40/60 H 40/55 H 40/50 H 40/43

Solids content

5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 35 % 40 %

Plate cone rheometer at shear rate 10 1/s

Vis

cosi

ty [

mP

a·s]

Solids content

5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 %

Plate cone rheometer at shear rate 10 1/s

Vis

cosi

ty [

mP

a·s] 10 000

1000

100

10

1

VINNOL® without functional groups solutions in methyl ethyl ketone

H 11/59 H 15/50 E 15/45 E 20/45 H 15/42 H 14/36

10 000

1000

100

10

1

VINNOL® without functional groups solutions in methyl ethyl ketone

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E 15/48 A E 22/48 A E 15/40 A

Solids content

5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 %

Plate cone rheometer at shear rate 10 1/s

Vis

cosi

ty [

mP

a·s]

Solids content

5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 %

Plate cone rheometer at shear rate 10 1/s

Vis

cosi

ty [

mP

a·s] 10 000

1000

100

10

1

VINNOL® with hydroxyl groups solutions in methyl ethyl ketone

H 15/45 M, H 15/45 M special H 30/48 M E 15/45 M

10 000

1000

100

10

1

VINNOL® with carboxyl groups solutions in methyl ethyl ketone

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Maprenal® MF 590/55IBX

Maprenal® MF 800/72IB

CYMEL® 300

EPIKOTE®/EPON® 828

EPIKOTE®/EPON® 834

EPIKOTE®/EPON® 1001

DEGALAN® P 24

DEGALAN® PM 555

DEGALAN® LP AL 23

DEGALAN® MB 319

DEGALAN® M 345

PARALOID® A 11

PARALOID® B 82

NeoCryl® B 805

NeoCryl® B 842

Macrynal® SM 510

COMPATIBILITY OF VINNOL® WITHOTHER BINDERS AND PLASTICIZERS

melamine-formaldehyde resin, isobutylated

hexamethoxymethylmelamine resin, solvent-free

melamine-formaldehyde resin, alkylated

medium viscosity liquid bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin epoxy resin

high viscosity liquid bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin epoxy resin

solid bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin epoxy resin

polyacrylate resin based on n-butylmethacrylat and

methylmethacrylate

organic dispersion of copolymers based on

methacrylacidester and olefines

polyacrylate resin based on n-butylmethacrylat and

methylmethacrylate

polyacrylate resin based on methylmethacrylat and

ethylacrylate

polyacrylate resin based on methylmethacrylate

polyacrylate resin based on methylmethacrylate

polyacrylate resin based on methylmethacrylate

polyacrylate resin based on methylmethacrylate

polyacrylate resin based on butylmethacrylate

hydroxy functional polyacrylate resin

Amino-formaldehyde resins

Epoxy resins

Acryl resins

Binders Chemical Characterization* VINNOL®

soluble insoluble partially soluble

* according to manufacturer/supplier

The information contained in this leaflet is for guidelineonly. It should also be pointed out that information oncompatibility cannot be applied to systems which con-tain other components.We make no warranty as to the accuracy of these data.

Maprenal® and Macrynal® are products of CYTEC Surface Specialties.CYMEL® is a product of Cytec Industries Inc.EPIKOTE® and EPON® are products of Resolution Performance Products.DEGALAN® is a product of Evonik/Degussa.PARALOID® is a product of Rohm & Haas.NeoCryl® is a product of DSM.

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E 22/48 A

E 15/45

E 20/45

H 11/59

H 14/36

H 15/42

H 15/50

H 40/43

H 40/50

H 40/55

H 40/60

E 15/40 A

E 15/48 A

E 15/45 M

H 15/45 M

H 15/45 Mspecial

H 30/48 M

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Adhesion Resin LTH

Adhesion Resin LTW

Plastopal® ATB

ALRESAT® KM 140

ERKAMAR 2100

Desmodur® N

Desmodur® L

Walsroder Nitrocellulose E 510

CAB 551-02

Phenodur® PR 285

short oil alkyd resin, based on synthetic fatty acid

middle oil alkyd resin, based on linseed oil

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Polyester resin

Urea resin

Maleic resin

Polyisocyanate

Cellulose derivates

Phenol resin

Alkyd resin

VINNOL® grades are compatible with a large number of plasticizers, such as:– Phthalates– Adipates– Sebacates– Citrates– Phosphates– Epoxides– Chlorinated paraffins

Binders Chemical Characterization* VINNOL®

styrene-free unsaturated polyester resin

styrene-free unsaturated polyester resin

urea-formaldehyde resin, butylated

maleic acid modified colophony resin

maleic acid modified colophony resin

aliphatic polyisocyanate

aromatic polyisocyanate

ester soluble grade (app. 12 % nitrogen)

cellulose acetate butyrate

unplasticizec phenolic resin

Adhesion Resin LTH and Adhesion Resin LTW are products of Evonik/Degussa.Plastopal® is a product of BASF.ALRESAT® is a product of AKZO Nobel.ERKAMAR is a product of KRAEMER.Desmodur® is a product of Bayer AG.Walsroder Nitrocellulose is a product of Wolff Cellulosics.CAB 551-02 is a product of Eastman Chemical Company.Phenodur® is a product of CYTEC Surface Specialties.

E 22/48 A

E 15/45

E 20/45

H 11/59

H 14/36

H 15/42

H 15/50

H 40/43

H 40/50

H 40/55

H 40/60

E 15/40 A

E 15/48 A

E 15/45 M

H 15/45 M

H 15/45 Mspecial

H 30/48 M

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VINNOL® SURFACE COATING RESINSFOR INDUSTRIAL COATINGS

This section describes in detail theuses of VINNOL® surface coatingresins as binders for the formulationof industrial coatings and corrosionprotection paints.

Industrial coatings is a collective term thatembraces, in addition to corrosion pro-tection, paints and coatings for the follow-ing areas of application:– Automotive refinishes– Automotive finishes– Coil coatings– Packaging coatings (flexible, rigid)– Wood varnishes– Artificial leather coatings– Plastic coatings– Powder coatings – Marine paints– Other industrial coatings

Vinyl chloride copolymers generally offer:– High toughness and permanent

flexibility– High abrasion resistance– High water and chemical resistance– Flame retardance– Good solubility and ease of processing

as well as wide formulation latitude, yielding– Physiologically safe, – Odorless and tasteless films.

They are therefore the preferred bindersfor formulating industrial coatings.

VINNOL® surface coating resinswithout functional groupsVINNOL® surface coating resins withoutfunctional groups adhere outstandingly to porous and absorbent substrates, suchas paper and wood, but they only bondwell to metal substrates if modified withVINNOL® resins containing carboxylgroups (VINNOL® M grades). VINNOL®

surface coating resins without functionalgroups are therefore used mainly in con-nection with monomeric or polymericplasticizers to formulate permanentlyelastic strippable coatings that can with-stand high mechanical loads. The extentof adhesion can be regulated via theamount of added VINNOL® M.

The low-molecular grades, VINNOL® H14/36 and H 15/42, facilitate the produc-tion of high-solids, easy-to-apply, high-build coatings for a host of differentapplication areas.

Good adhesion to PVC and PVC-contain-ing substrates permits use in coatings forartificial leather and plastic tarpaulins.

The vinyl acetate content of the VINNOL®

H 40 range is 30–40 % and so theseproducts may not only serve in the appli-cation areas mentioned above. They canalso be used to produce permanentlyelastic coatings for flexible substratessubject to high stress. In combination withother VINNOL® surface coating resins orVC copolymers, they also function asinternal plasticizers.

The VINNOL H 40 range may also becombined with ester-soluble NC coatingsfor increasing chemical resistance andelasticity of such coatings.

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VINNOL® surface coating resins withcarboxyl groups (VINNOL® M grades)VINNOL® surface coating resins with carb-oxyl groups (vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate/dicarboxylic acid-based terpolymers)adhere outstandingly to ferrous and non-ferrous metals. This property and thepossibility of combining the VINNOL® Mgrades with VINNOL® surface coatingresins without functional groups and lowK-value facilitate the formulation of high-build industrial coatings for metals. Thecoatings’ flexibility can be varied throughjudicious blending with VINNOL® H 40resins.

Further application areas are primers forhot-dip-galvanized substrates, under-water paints, sterilization-resistant organo-sols and coil coatings.

The adhesion of epoxy-based coatingsto untreated metals is markedly enhancedby blending with VINNOL® resins contain-ing carboxyl groups.

The good chemical stability of VINNOL®

M grades as well as their freedom fromtaste and odor permits the production ofsterilization-resistant interior can coatings.

VINNOL® M grades frequently serve in theproduction of primers for PVC plastisols,as well.

VINNOL® surface coating resins withhydroxyl groups (VINNOL® E/A grades)By virtue of their hydroxyl groups and theirgood polymer compatibility, VINNOL® E/Agrades may be combined with alkyd,epoxy, urea, ketone, melamine, phenolic,acrylic and isocyanate resins.

The widest polymer compatibility of anyVINNOL® E/A grade with other resins is shown by VINNOL® E 22/48 A. Thisproduct also displays very high aromatictolerance in solvent mixtures. Ester-soluble alkyd resins may be modified withVINNOL® E/A grades to enhance chemi-cal resistance, permanent elasticity andthe water resistance of the coating.

Even high-build coatings with a high urearesin content can be rendered much lessprone to cracking through blending withVINNOL® E/A grades.

VINNOL® resins containing hydroxylgroups may be used both alone and incombination with other polyol compo-nents in two-pack PUR coatings. In thelatter case, they function as reactive thickeners, i.e., VINNOL® E/A grades may be used to control the consistency.They crosslink with the curing agentcomponent during drying. In addition, the VINNOL® surface coating resinsaccelerate initial physical drying of thecoating.

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The good pigment wetting of the VINNOL®

E/A grades facilitates the formulation ofhighly-filled coatings having especiallygood adhesion to polyvinyl butyral primers,which serve primarily as the intermediatelayer in multilayer coatings. Such coatingsystems are mainly used in shipbuilding.

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APPLICATION AREAS OFVINNOL® SURFACE COATING RESINSIN THE INDUSTRIAL COATING SECTOR

VINNOL® M grades have good chemical stability and are odorless and neutral in taste, enabling the production of

sterilization-resistant interior can coatings.

VINNOL® resins containing carboxyl groups are suitable for this application area on account of their good metal

adhesion, but are less widespread than PVC organosols and plastisols.

VINNOL® resins containing carboxyl groups, with their excellent metal adhesion, combined with high resistance to

acids, alkalis and salt solutions, good pigment wetting and low water absorption, are ideal for formulating primers

and corrosion-protection paints.

See plastics coatings

VINNOL® resins containing carboxyl groups, with their excellent metal adhesion, combined with high resistance to

acids, alkalis and salt solutions, good pigment wetting and low water absorption, are ideal for formulating primers

and corrosion-protection paints. The good pigment wetting of the VINNOL® E/A grades allows the formulation of

highly-filled coatings with especially good adhesion to primers based on polyvinyl butyrals, which serve above all

as the intermediate coating in multilayer coatings. One application area limited not only to ship building is the manu-

facturing of primers for hot-dip-galvanized substrates and for underwater paints.

VINNOL® H 40 resins are also suitable for blending with ester-soluble NC coatings for increasing their

chemical resistance and elasticity.

Can coatings

Coil coatings

Corrosion-protection

coatings

Film coatings

Marine paints

Nitrocellulose coatings

Additional informationApplication area

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Plastic coatings

Primers

Baking enamels

Strippable coatings

Tarpaulin coatings

Wire enamels

23

VINNOL® surface coating resins adhere well to PVC, PET and other plastics, in some cases in conjunction

with other resins, and are used for formulating coatings for artificial leather and plastic tarpaulins.

VINNOL® H 40 resins can be used to produce permanent-elastic coatings for flexible substrates subject to

high stress.

VINNOL® M grades are suitable for producing adhesive primers for PVC-P (e.g. for crown caps)

The hydroxyl groups of the VINNOL® E/A grades and their good polymer compatibility facilitate blending with

alkyd, epoxy, urea, ketone, melamine, phenol, polyacrylic and polyisocyanate resins. The widest polymer

compatibility of all VINNOL® E/A grades with other blending resins is shown by VINNOL® E 22/48 A.

VINNOL® surface coating resins without functional groups serve mainly in conjunction with monomeric or

polymeric plasticizers for formulating permanently-elastic strippable coatings that can withstand high loads.

The extent of adhesion may be regulated by adding VINNOL® M.

See plastics coatings

See baking enamels

Application area Additional information

5568EN.qxd 03.12.2010 15:54 Uhr Seite 23

This section details the uses of VINNOL® surface coating resins as binders for the formulation of printing inks.

Vinyl chloride copolymers generally offer:– High toughness and permanent

flexibility,– High abrasion resistance,– High water and chemical resistance,– Flame retardance,– Good solubility and ease of processing

as well as wide formulation latitude, yielding films that are– Physiologically safe,– Odorless and tasteless.

They are therefore the main binders forformulating:– Screen-printing inks,– Gravure inks, – Inkjet inks, – Transfer printing inks, as well as– Overprint varnishes.

It is not usual to employ VINNOL® surfacecoating resins for formulating flexographicprinting inks, as the solvents (ketonesand esters) cause the printing plates tosoften or swell.

24

VINNOL® SURFACE COATING RESINSFOR PRINTING INKS

Flexographic and gravure printing arethe dominant processes employed forprinting flexible packaging primarily used in the food industry, and to a lesser extent in the pharmaceutical andchemical industries.

Printing inks in the food industry mustbasically meet the following require-ments:– Suitability for food packaging– Adhesion to the substrate– Stability to the packaging contents– Light fastness– Gloss– Hiding power– Sealability or non-sealability

Printing inks on food packaging mustnot have any odor or taste and mustalso satisfy the corresponding foodstuffslegislation, e.g., FDA rules. Printing inksmeeting these demands may be formu-lated with VINNOL® surface coatingresins. Additional information is avail-able upon request.

VINNOL® surface coating resins are there-fore used as binders for formulatingmodern printing inks in the packagingsector.

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25

VINNOL® E grades are produced byemulsion polymerization and are therefo-re particularly suitable for formulatingpigmented systems for pigment concen-trates and for milling pigments that arehard to disperse. VINNOL® E productsare also highly recommended wherehigh gloss and short milling times arerequired.

Printing inks based on VINNOL® surfacecoating resins may be pigmented by– Milling the pigments in the binder

solution (varnish) and– Blending with pigment preparations.

When pigment preparations are used,particular care must be taken to ensurethat the base resin of the pigment pre-paration is compatible with VINNOL®

surface coating resins and is soluble inthe same solvent or solvent mixture.

Among the best solvents for VINNOL®

surface coating resins are ketones andesters. Detailed information on solubilityis contained in the solubility tables forVINNOL® surface coating resins onpages 12–15.

VINNOL® surface coating resinswithout functional groupsVINNOL® surface coating resins withoutfunctional groups adhere outstandinglyto porous and absorbent substrates,and particularly to PVC. VINNOL® E15/45 and E 20/45 are excellent bindersfor formulating screen-printing, inkjetand gravure inks as well as overprint varnishes. VINNOL® E 15/45-based and E 20/45-based overprint varnishes

serve primarily to increase the water, oil, alcohol and abrasion resistance ofprinted images on absorbent substrates,such as paper and cardboard.

The VINNOL® surface coating resins inthe H 40 range, whose vinyl acetatecontent is between 30 and 40 %, maybe combined with ester-based NC coatings. This combination is utilized intop coats to improve the gloss and thechemical resistance, to increase thesolids content and to vary the blockingand sealing point over a wide range.

The VINNOL® H 40 range may also becombined with the VINNOL® M range(VINNOL® resins containing carboxylgroups) to formulate high-solids screen-printing inks for metal substrates.

They can also be combined with ketoneresins, PVC, chlorinated PVC, acrylics,epoxy and polyester resins, and can therefore be regarded as co-binders with a broad spectrum of applications.

Printing inks based on VINNOL® surfacecoating resins are ideal for printing onPVC substrates, such as floor coverings,wall coverings, electric cable insulation,truck tarpaulins and artificial leather.

The low-molecular VINNOL® surfacecoating resins– VINNOL® H 14/36– VINNOL® H 15/42– VINNOL® H 40/43 – VINNOL® E 15/40 A

are used on their own or in blends withother resins to formulate:– Gravure printing inks– Inkjet printing inks– Overprint varnishes

The higher-molecular VINNOL® surfacecoating resins– VINNOL® H 11/59– VINNOL® H 40/50, H 40/55, H 40/60– VINNOL® E 15/48 A and E 22/48 A

are used to produce screen-printing inksthat are mainly intended for printingtruck tarpaulins and plastic sheeting.

FORMULATION OF INKS BASED ON VINNOL® SURFACE COATING RESINS

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VINNOL® surface coating resins with carboxyl groups (VINNOL® M grades)VINNOL® surface coating resins with carboxyl groups (vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate/dicarboxylic acid-based terpoly-mers) adhere outstandingly to ferrousand non-ferrous metals. This propertyand the possibility of blending the VINNOL® M grades with VINNOL® surfacecoating resins without functional groupsand low K value allows the formulation of screen-printing and gravure inks formetals.

The adhesion of such inks to untreatedmetals can be greatly improved by blend-ing VINNOL® M grades with epoxies.

VINNOL® surface coating resins with hydroxyl groups (VINNOL® E/A grades)The good pigment wetting of the VINNOL®

E/A grades, which arises from theirhydroxyl groups, allows them to be blended with polyisocyanates to for-

mulate highly-pigmented screen andgravure printing coatings for OPP, PEand PETP film.

Furthermore, the good polymer compati-bility of the VINNOL® E/A grades permitsblending with alkyd, epoxy, urea, ketone,melamine, phenolic, acrylic and isocyan-ate resins. This again demonstrates thatthese VINNOL® surface coating resinsare blending resins with a broad range of applications.

The widest polymer compatibility of anyVINNOL® E/A grade with other resins is shown by VINNOL® E 22/48 A. Thisproduct also displays very high aromatictolerance in solvent mixtures.

26

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27

By virtue of its special properties, namely, – outstanding adhesion to aluminum,– high chemical resistance,– thermo-activability from approx.

140 °C and above, and the– possibility of reducing the sealing

temperature by adding plasticizers orVINNOL® H 40 grades according torequirements, the VINNOL® M range(VINNOL® resins containing carboxylgroups), is an ideal binder for heat-sealable coatings for aluminum foil inthe packaging sector.

Heat-sealing of aluminum foil to NC-coated papers is primarily carried outwith heat-sealable coatings based onthe VINNOL® E/A grades (hydroxy VINNOL® resins).

Key application areas for VINNOL®-based aluminum compounds are theheat-sealable coatings shown in the following table:

VINNOL®-BASED HEAT-SEALABLECOATINGS FOR ALUMINUM FOIL

Heat-sealable laminates One-coat system Two-coat system

Primer Sealing coat

Heat-sealable laminates One-coat system Two-coat system

Alu – Alu VINNOL® H 15/45 M VINNOL® H 15/45 M VINNOL® H 40/50

VINNOL® H 40/55

Alu – NC-coated paper Blend of VINNOL® H 40/43

VINNOL® H 15/45 M VINNOL® H 15/45 M VINNOL® H 40/50

VINNOL® H 40/50 in a VINNOL® E 22/48 A

ratio of 1/1

Alu – PET VINNOL® H 15/45 M - -

Alu – PP and OPP VINNOL® H 15/45 M DEGALAN® PM 555

Alu – PS Blend of VINNOL® H 15/45 M Blend of

VINNOL® H 15/45 M / VINNOL® resins /

polyacrylate* in a polyacrylate* in a

ratio of 1/4 to 1/1 ratio of 1/9

or pure polyacrylate*

Alu – PVC VINNOL® H 15/45 M VINNOL® H 15/45 M VINNOL® H 15/50

VINNOL® H 15/45 M + VINNOL® H 40/50

VINNOL® H 40/43 or VINNOL® H 40/55

VINNOL® H 15/45 M +

VINNOL® H 15/50 in a

ratio of 1/1

Alu – PVDC VINNOL® H 15/45 M / - -

polyacrylate*

in a ratio of 1/1

* DEGALAN® P 24, DEGALAN® PM 555, DEGALAN® LP AL 23, PARALOID® B 82, NeoCryl® B-842

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Aluminum – aluminum laminatesProcessed cheese is mainly packagedby sealing aluminum foil to itself at tem-peratures of less than 100 °C.

In view of the aggressiveness of thecheese ingredients, it is advisable toemploy a two-layer system consisting of VINNOL® H 15/45 M and a heat-sealable coating based on VINNOL® H40/50 or VINNOL® H 40/43. Externalplasticizers may be needed in order that sealing may be carried out at 75 to90 °C, with the precise temperaturedepending on the processed cheese.These plasticizers are usually citric acidesters.

Aluminum – polyvinyl chloride (PVC)laminatesOne-layer coatings based on VINNOL® H15/45 M are used for sealing aluminumto PVC. In two-layer coatings, the primeralso consists of VINNOL® H 15/45 M,with VINNOL® H 15/50 being used forthe heat-sealable coating.

If the heat-sealing temperature has to bereduced, the following options exist:– Use of monomeric plasticizers,– Use of polymeric plasticizers,– Use of VINNOL® H 40/50 or H 40/43 as

a blending resin or as the sole binder inthe heat-sealable coating of a two-layersystem.

Additions of up to 50 % of the generalVINNOL® grades to VINNOL® H 15/45 Mhave no negative influence on sealingstrength, or when serving as the solebinder in the sealing layer of a two-layersystem.

28

Aluminum – polypropylene (PP, OPP)laminatesWhere aluminum is sealed to polypro-pylene, this is most often done with atwo-layer system consisting of primerVINNOL® H 15/45 M, and heat-sealablecoating DEGALAN® PM 555.

Matching the sealing properties issomewhat more difficult in a one-coatsystem based on Morprime® than in thetwo-layer system mentioned above.

Seal bond strength of VINNOL® H 15/45 Mmixtures (20 % in methyl ethyl ketone)sealing temperature: 180 °Cpressure: 3 atm; time: 0,5 sec

Seal bond strength of VINNOL® H 15/45 Mmixtures (20 % in methyl ethyl ketone)sealing temperature: 180 °Cpressure: 3 atm; time: 0,5 sec

Morprime® is a product of Rohm & Haas.

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29

Aluminum – polystyrene (PS)An acrylic resin must be added to VINNOL® H 15/45 M to enhance itsadhesion to polystyrene.

One-layer systems consist of, e. g., 20 %VINNOL® H 15/45 M and 80 % acrylicresin. However, combinations of up to1/1 are in used, the exact proportiondepending on the substrate.

In two-layer systems, a prime coat basedon VINNOL® H 15/45 M is applied, followed by a heat-sealable coat of theabove-mentioned combination or justpure acrylic resin.

Suitable polyacrylic resins includeDEGALAN® P 24, DEGALAN® PM 555,DEGALAN® LP AL 23, PARALOID® orACRYLOID® B 82 and NeoCryl® B-842.

ACRYLOID® is a product of Rohm & Haas.

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For optimum heat-sealed laminates,observe the following rules of thumb:

SolventsIn the application areas mentionedabove, VINNOL® H 15/45 M is usuallyapplied as a 20 % solution in methylethyl ketone (MEK) or 1/1 mixtures ofmethyl ethyl ketone/ethyl acetate. Ethylacetate alone or acetone may also serveas solvent. However, these solventshave slightly less solvent power thanmethyl ethyl ketone and yield solutionsthat are more viscous.

Slightly higher temperatures acceleratethe dissolving process (often, the heat of rapid stirring is enough to warm thesolution) and allows the polymer todevelop its full potential.

The use of highly volatile solvents is fun-damentally advisable to minimize solventretention and therefore odor and tasteimpairment of the contents as well as toprevent any impairment of seal strength.

Modification of the heat-sealing temperatureThe heat-sealing temperature of heat-sealable aluminum foil based on VINNOL®

surface coating resins may be raisedand lowered to suit the contents or thedesired sealing conditions.

The heat-sealing temperature may belowered as follows:

– Use of monomeric plasticizers

In this case, the relevant legal recom-mendations and legislation, which mayvary from country to country, must beobserved. A suitable monomeric plasti-cizer is a citric acid ester.

– Use of polymeric plasticizers

Resamin® HF 480 (a carbamide resin) orPalamol® 632 (a polyester) may be used.

– Use of VINNOL® surface coating resinsin the VINNOL® H 40 range as a blend-ing resin or as sole binder in the heat-sealable coating of two-layer systems.

30

FORMULATION TIPS

VINNOL® H 40 surface coating resinshave higher thermoplasticity and a lowerglass transition temperature than VINNOL®

H 15/45 M and VINNOL® H 15/50 onaccount of their high vinyl acetate con-tent and can therefore be heat-sealed at temperatures from approx. 120 °C.This cuts down on plasticizer consump-tion and may even eliminate plasticizeraltogether. Additions of up to 50 % toVINNOL® H 15/45 M have no negativeeffects on seal strength. VINNOL® H40/50 and VINNOL® H 40/43 are idealfor this area of application. Compared toVINNOL® H 15/45 M, VINNOL® H 30/48 Mcan generally be sealed at lower temper-atures, since there is a higher proportionof vinyl acetate in the polymer backbone.

The seal-bond-strength can be loweredto a specific value by combination withVINNOL® H 14/36 or addition of minimalquantities of ester-soluble NC. Cautionmust be exercised if NC is used, however,since the decrease in sealing propertiescan be very abrupt.

Further information regarding individualproducts (technical data sheets, materialsafety data sheets) is available at:

Tel. +49 8677 83-7979Fax. +49 8677 83-8181info.polymers@wacker.comwww.wacker.com

Resamin® is a product of CYTEC Surface Specialties.Palamol® is a product of BASF.

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Wacker Chemie AGHanns-Seidel-Platz 481737 München, GermanyTel. +49 89 6279-0Fax +49 89 6279-1770info.polymers@wacker.com

www.wacker.com/vinnol

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