Technologies with Minimal Environmental Technologies with Minimal Environmental Footprint: Footprint:
Search Search forfor Scientific Solutions with Traditional Scientific Solutions with Traditional WisdomWisdom
Vinod TareVinod Tare-IIT Kanpur
Reach SymposiumReach Symposium
Theme: Environment, Health and Theme: Environment, Health and
LifeLife
October 10-12, 2010October 10-12, 2010
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Eutrophication Eutrophication Causative AgentsCausative Agents SolutionsSolutions Realization – P Realization – P
BanBan
Condition of Rivers and Condition of Rivers and Lakes Lakes
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Ozone HoleOzone Hole
Sources that harm ozone layer
Causative AgentsCausative Agents SolutionsSolutions Realization – Ban Realization – Ban
CFCsCFCs
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Encourages Water ConsumptionDoes Not Reduce Nutrient Pollution Requires Expensive Piped Infrastructure and Treatment Facilities
Pollutes the Earth and/or Bodies of Water with the Concept “Solution to Pollution is Dilution”
…Is Unsustainable
As organic fertilizer
Composting (2%)
Land-Filling (95%)
Directly used as soil-conditioner
POLLUTION
(3%)
Sludge
Surface Water
Ground
Water
Water Supply
Agriculture
Food
Chemical Fertilizer
Present Sanitation Present Sanitation ModelModel
Wastewater(Blackwater +
Graywater)
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Untreated Wastewater
POLLUTION
Partially Treated Effluent
Thirteen actions must be prohibited on arrival at the sacred water of the Ganga, namely: Defecation, ablutions, ……..• This doctrine has been misunderstood/inappropriately
followed!
Brought the concept of BOD/COD limits 30 mg/l/250 mg/l.
Legalized defecation in water bodies
“The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn,
and relearn.”-Alvin Toffler “Rethinking the Future”
A Paradigm Shift in Human Excreta Management Practices: Blend of Advanced Technologies with Traditional Wisdom
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur
Briefing on Green ToiletsKrishi Bhawan, New Delhi
Vinod TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Use Rather than WasteUse Rather than Waste
Do business and not only Service Do business and not only Service
A Paradigm ShiftA Paradigm Shift
Pay rather than Charge Pay rather than Charge
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Yellow water Gray water
Black water
Solid-Liquid Separation
Alternative Mode - EcoSanAlternative Mode - EcoSan
AsOrganic Fertilizer
Reuse
Recycle
Recycle
Solid/Fecal Matter Liquid
Treatment
Treatment
Composting
Agriculture
Food
Ground
WaterWater Supply
Surface Water
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
A Simple Device
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
A Simple Device: Solid-Liquid Separator
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
A Simple Device: Solid-Liquid Separator
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
The System for the Houseboats
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Start: First Toilet at IITK Campus
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Community Zero Discharge Toilet @ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh@ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
The Back End
The Front End
Community Zero Discharge Toilet @ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh@ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
First Prototype Mounted on SR First Prototype Mounted on SR 0822408224
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Zero Discharge Environmental Zero Discharge Environmental Friendly Toilet Friendly Toilet Portable Version @ Shopping Centre, Portable Version @ Shopping Centre, IIT KanpurIIT Kanpur
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Slurry Tank
S – L – S
Overflow Collection Tank
Filtered Solution Tank
Vermicomposting
WExcess
WVC
WR
Recycle
Precomposting
WLoss
WS + WR
Evaporation & Concentration
Liquid/Powder Fertilizer
QEW
QEWQFO
Flush Water Tank
Fresh Water Tank
QU + QFM
QF
QAC
Pump Hand/Motor
QFR
Schematics Representation Schematics Representation of a Typical Community of a Typical Community Toilet SystemToilet System
Pump Hand/Motor
Solid Reactor
WS
Intermediate Slurry Tank
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Energy from waste (as electricity from biogas) is waste of energy
Use human feces for producing quality Organic Manure than Biogas
Get Urea, Ammonia, Potash and Phosphate from Urine than Fertilizer Industries
Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
At the Toilet siteAt the Toilet site
Transport of Fecal Slurry Transport of Fecal Slurry from the Toilet to the from the Toilet to the
Humanure PlantHumanure PlantBack End of the Community Toilet at Aligarh
Transfer of Fecal Slurry at the Toilet Site
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Excess Source Separated Flush Water• Enhanced Solar Evaporation Pond
• Microbial Treatment• Chemical Treatment
– Struvite (Ca, Mg) (K, NH4) (PO4)Co-precipitation of montgomeryite,
brucite, epsomite
Mixing and Pre-composting
Vermibins
Treatment Plant or Humanure Plant!Treatment Plant or Humanure Plant!
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
9.8
0.4
0.2
9.2
Equivalent Reduction in CO2
Emissions (Carbon Credits)
MT
3292
285
172
2835
Energy Savings
MW
0.75
0.12
1.5
Plausible Recovery
MT
Total
K
P
N
Business! Quality Fertilizer Carbon Credits Cleaner Water Bodies Prevent Desertification of Dry Lands and
Even Arrest Climate Changes
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Old Cities/Towns – Sewage is a Source of Water, Organics and Nutrients
FOOD
TOWNSHIP
Agriculture
Nutrient
Influent Loading
Effluent Loading Sludge Nutrient Content
Proposed Conventional Proposed Conventional
Kg/d
N 3336.00 2099.60 2620.60 1236.40 715.40
P 750.60 517.50 615.70 233.10 134.90
Comparison of Nutrient Leakage
Reuse
Wastewater
PCMBR
UV
Vermicomposting
Organic Fertilizer
Shift: Disposal to Water Recycle Oxidation of Organics to Sludge Production Biogas to Quality Manure
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
High Biomass Growth High F/M ratio Low MLSS Low Oxygen Requirement, Better nutrient capture;
Clarification ? Membrane Filtration High MLSS; Membrane
Performance at Low MLSS? Subsequent combined composting-vermicomposting of
excess biomass to produce good quality organic manure for agricultural use
Paradigm Shift in Wastewater Treatment
High-Growth Membrane BioreactorHigh-Growth Membrane Bioreactor
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Volume of reactor : 10 LVolume of hopper bottom : 2.5 LVolume of membrane housing: 7.5 L
Lab-scale high-growth MBR
1 aeration tank; 2 sludge zone; 3 sludge waste outlet; 4 flow controller; 5 membrane housing; 6 hollow fibre membrane; 7 suction pump; 8 compressor; and 9 air supply pipe
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
Scale-up high-growth MBR
1 aeration tank (flow channel); 2 motor; 3 pulley; 4 belt; 5 gear box; 6 gear; 7 axle; 8 bearing; 9 rotor; 10 hollow fibre membrane; 11 PVC pipe; 12 vacuum gauge; 13 suction pump
Volume of aeration tank: 50 L
Section at A-A:
1
2 23
3
4
566
67 8 8
99
10 11
1213
Dr Vinod TareProject Investigator
December 3, 2008IIT Kanpur Vinod
TareIIT Kanpur
Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010
MLSS Window 1000 - 2500 mg/L High F/M ratio, for better nutrient capture and effluent quality comparable to conventional MBR operation.
The activated composting-cum-vermicomposting system potentially converts and recycles sewage sludge into nutrients-rich organic fertilizer
Low availability of heavy metals: Ni>Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu≈Co>Cd≈Zn≈Cr>As
Paradigm Shift in Wastewater Treatment
Thank You !