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Violence PreventionThe Public Health Response
Violence PreventionThe Public Health Response
Dr Syed Jaffar Hussain
Regional Advisor Health Promotion/Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability
World Health Organization, Regional Office for EMR
Inevitable or Preventable? Inevitable or Preventable?
ViolenceViolence
First comprehensive review of the problem on a global scale
Magnitude and impact
Key risk factors
Interventions and policy responses
Recommendations
World Report on Violence and Health
ViolenceViolence
CollectiveCollectiveInterpersonalInterpersonalSelf-directedSelf-directedSelf-directedSelf-directed
Typology of Violence
• 815,000 suicides
• 520,000 homicides
• 310,000 war deaths
• 815,000 suicides
• 520,000 homicides
• 310,000 war deaths
In the year 2000:In the year 2000:
Source: WHO database, 2000Source: WHO database, 2000
Numbers
MalariaMalaria
Traffic injuriesTraffic injuries
ViolenceViolenceTuberculosisTuberculosis
Global Estimated Deaths due to Selected Health Problems
2.94
1.66
1.65
1.25
1.08
0 1 2 3 4Millions of deaths per year
VIOLENCE IN PERSPECTIVE
HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS
Estimated Mortality due to intentional Injury by age (000) in EMR year 2000
14
5
20
11
75
0-4
5/14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60 and above
Source: World Report on Violence and Health, WHO Geneva 2002
Public Health ApproachPublic Health Approach
SurveillanceWhat is the Problem?
Identify risk and protective factors
What are the causes?
ImplementationScaling up
effective policy and programmes
Develop andevaluate
interventionsWhat works and
for whom?
Why Public Health Approach?
Population-based
Emphasizes primary prevention
Multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral in nature
Scientific, evidence-based
Levels of prevention
IndividualRelationshipCommunitySocietal
Individual-level prevention
IndividualRelationshipCommunitySocietal
Solutions
Examples •Pre-school enrichment •Life skills training•Incentives to complete schooling•Vocational training
Relationship-level prevention
IndividualRelationshipCommunitySocietal
Solutions
Examples • Parenting programmes• Home visitation• Family therapy
Community-level prevention
IndividualRelationshipCommunitySocietal
Solutions
Examples• Reducing alcohol availability• Economic and social empowerment• Improve school settings• Improve emergency medical services
Societal-level prevention
IndividualRelationshipCommunitySocietal
Solutions
Examples• Reduce media violence• Strengthen police and judicial systems• Reduce poverty and inequality • Educational reform • Reduce access to lethal means• Job creation programmes
Preventing firearm-related deaths through regulatory reform, AustraliaPreventing firearm-related deaths through regulatory reform, Australia
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002year of death
rate
pe
r 1
00
,00
0 p
op
ula
tio
n
Victoria
Rest of Australia
Regulations 1 1Regulations 2 2
Primary Prevention Works
10 “best buys” in violence prevention:
1. Increase safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between children and their parents
2. Reduce availability and misuse of alcohol
3. Reduce access to lethal means
4. Improve life skills and enhance opportunities for children and youth
10 “best buys” in violence prevention:
5. Promote gender equality & empower women
6. Change cultural norms that support violence
7. Improve criminal justice systems
8. Improve social welfare systems
9. Reduce social distance between conflicting groups
10. Reduce economic inequality & concentrated poverty
Thank you !