Viral Anatomy

Viral AnatomyEnvelope

Forms from host membrane Viral genome includes genes

for surface proteins

Reproductive Cycles

Budding

HIV (retrovirus)

TreatmentVaccines

Virus unable to replicate in host

Antiviral Drugs Inhibit nucleic acid

synthesis Inhibit capsid

synthesis

Viral EmergenceMutation from existing viruses

Influenza

Viral EmergenceInterspecific infection

Hantavirus from rodents

Viral EmergenceSpread from formerly isolated location - Ebola

Subviral ParticlesViroids Infectious RNA disrupts metabolism in plants

Prions Misfolded proteins misfold normal proteins in

animals

Review Questions1.What materials are found in every virus?2.How do viroids and prions vary from

virions?3.What are effective ways to combat

retroviruses?4.How might new viruses emerge?