Virtual IoT Meetup: Connecting Sensor Networks

Connecting Sensor Networks 1|Matthias Kovatsch

http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc

Matthias Kovatsch

[email protected]

Virtual IoT Meetup #3

Connecting Sensor Networks

Tuesday, 23 Sep 2014Virtual IoT Meetup #3

http://www.meetup.com/Virtual-IoT/

mailto:[email protected]



Agenda

1. Wireless Sensor Networks

2. Introduction to 6LoWPAN

3. IPv6 & 6LoWPAN Setup

Focus on “Connecting”

Pointers for Sensor Nodes

4. Outlook

Questions?

#virtualiot

Hangouts Q&A

Connecting Sensor Networks



Smart Dust in 2000

the advent of Wireless Sensor Networks



e.g., TinyDB

Focus on resource constraints

Sink nodes and custom software

Wireless Sensor Networks

Mica2 (AVR)

Tmote Sky / TelosB (MSP430)

BTnode (AVR + Bluetooth)



First Proposals for Low-power IPv4 in 2003

A. Dunkels. Full TCP/IP for 8-bit Architectures.

In Proceedings MobiSys, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2003

Z. Shelby, P. Mahonen, J. Riihijarvi, O. Raivio, and P.

Huuskonen. NanoIP: The Zen of Embedded Networking.

In Proceedings ICC, Anchorage, AK, USA, 2003

http://contiki-os.org

http://contiki-os.org/



6LoWPAN for Sensor Networks



Low-power IP Stack

Layer Protocol

Application CoAP

Transport UDP

Network IPv6

Adaption 6LoWPAN

MAC CSMA

Radio Duty Cycling IEEE 802.15.4e / ContikiMAC

Physical IEEE 802.15.4



Low-power IP Stack

Layer Protocol

Application CoAP

Transport UDP

Network IPv6 ( + RPL routing protocol )

Adaption 6LoWPAN

MAC CSMA





Low-power IP Stack

Layer Protocol

Application CoAP

Transport UDP

Network IPv6

Adaption 6LoWPAN

MAC CSMA





Low-power IP Stack

Layer Protocol

Application CoAP

Transport UDP

Network IPv6

Adaption 6LoWPAN

MAC CSMA





Edge Networks

LoWPAN Local

server

Border Router

6LoWPAN adaption

PC

Backbone (LAN)

Internet

ServerRouter



Number of fixed bits in prefix

8 bytes prefix 8 bytes interface identifier

IPv6 Addresses

128 bits = 16 bytes

xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:yyyy:yyyy:yyyy:yyyy /zz



Leading zeros can be omitted

Zero blocks can be omitted with “::”

xxxx:xxx : : / zz

IPv6 Addresses

Localhost

::1/128

Default route

::/0

Link-local

FE80::/64

Multicast

FF00::/8



… prefixes

IPv6 Addressing

LoWPAN

ISP

Router

Border Router

Backbone (LAN)

2001:470:CAFE::/48

2001:470:CAFE:10::/64

2001:470:CAFE::/64

EUI-64 = MAC address

212:7400:DEAD:BEEF2001:470:CAFE:10:

2001:470:CAFE::1

2001:470:CAFE::10

Mote

Laptop



Nice ISP

Check athttp://www.ipv6forum.com/ipv6_

enabled/isp/approval_list.php

IPv6 tunnel

For instance

Register at

https://tunnelbroker.net/

Your Own IPv6 Prefix

http://www.ipv6forum.com/ipv6_enabled/isp/approval_list.php

https://tunnelbroker.net/





Your WAN IP

Choose something close





Firmware with good IPv6 support

Pick one that supports your model

Find lots of support online (flash router, DD-WRT, Tomato, …)

For instance

Tomato by Shibby (continuation of TomatoUSB)

http://tomato.groov.pl/

Good old WRT54GL has not enough flash

for good IPv6 builds

Model list

http://tomato.groov.pl/?page_id=69

Router

http://tomato.groov.pl/

http://tomato.groov.pl/?page_id=69





Linksys E900

Cheap ($ ~30)

Netgear WRN3500L

More features ($ ~50)

Router Hardware



Perform a hard reset

with the “30/30/30”

Use the Web interface

to upload new binary

Search for help

firmware name + router model

Flash Firmware



Routed /48 (e.g., 2001:470:cafe::)

/48 + ‘1’ (e.g., 2001:470:cafe::1)

Server IPv4 Address

Client IPv6 Address



ip -6 r add 2001:470:cafe:10::/64 via 2001:470:cafe::10

6LoWPAN prefix Gateway with

border router



ip6tables -A FORWARD -p udp --dport 5683–d 2001:470:cafe:10:<mote EUI-64> -j ACCEPT

See ip6tables manual for more options

(e.g., source filtering)



Raspberry Pi

Shortcut: Use a Linux PC (avoids cross-compiling)

Beagle Bone (Black)

Gateway



SSH or direct connection

Add static IPv6 address for routing (see slide 24)

sudo ip -6 a add 2001:470:cafe::10 dev eth0

Enable routing in the kernel

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding

Install the border router

Gateway Configuration



Tmote Sky / TelosB(old, hard to get)

Search “MTM-CM5000-MSP”

Zolertia Z1

http://zolertia.com/

OpenMote(up-to-date, growing support)

http://www.openmote.com/

Econotag IIhttp://redwirellc.com/

Border Router Hardware

http://zolertia.com/

http://www.openmote.com/

http://redwirellc.com/



Get Contiki

git clone https://github.com/contiki-os/contiki

Relevant projects are in contiki/examples/ipv6/

Seek further help online

https://github.com/contiki-os/contiki/wiki

http://www.openmote.com/getting-started-with-contiki-and-openmote/

Check the 6lbr project by Cetic

http://cetic.github.io/6lbr/

Contiki OS



http://cetic.github.io/6lbr/



Old RPL border router

rpl-border-router running on the mote

make TARGET=sky border-router.upload

tunslip6 (in contiki/tools/) running on the gateway

make tunslip6 (compile on gateway or with cross-compiler)

New native border router (recommended)

slip-radio running on the mote

make TARGET=sky slip-radio.upload

native-border-router running on the gateway

make border-router (compile on gateway or with cross-compiler)

Projects in contiki/examples/ipv6/



sudo ./{tunslip6|border-router.native} 2001:470:cafe:10::1/64

Opens tun0 interface

Adds route into 6LoWPAN subnet

Starting the Border Router

$ sudo ./border-router.native 2001:470:cafe:10::1/64Contiki 3.x started with IPV6, RPLRime started with address 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8MAC nullmac RDC br-rdc NETWORK sicslowpanTentative link-local IPv6 address fe80:0000:0000:0000:0302:0304:0506:0708RPL-Border router started********SLIP started on ``/dev/ttyUSB0''opened tun device ``/dev/tun0''ifconfig tun0 inet `hostname` upifconfig tun0 add 2001:470:cafe:10::1/64ifconfig tun0

tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.1.1 P-t-P:127.0.1.1 Mask:255.255.255.255inet6 addr: 2001:470:cafe:10::1/64 Scope:Global

[…]

Setting prefix 2001:470:cafe:10::1created a new RPL dagServer IPv6 addresses:0x806a6b8: =>2001:470:cafe:10:212:7400:da0:d7480x806a6d8: =>fe80::212:7400:da0:d748

Border router address





Use Erbium (Er)

CoAP in Contiki

Examples in contiki/examples/er-rest-example/ make TARGET=sky er-example-server.upload MOTE=2

Sensor Nodes (“Motes”)

Avoid reprogramming

the border-router/slip-radio



Mote address



https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/copper-270430/

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/copper-270430/



Build Applications with CoAP

Web Sensor Nodes

Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)



Californium Tutorial: Hands-on with CoAP

http://goo.gl/LLQ03whttp://eclipse.org/californium

http://goo.gl/LLQ03w

http://eclipse.org/californium



Current Efforts



Interoperable, scalable security

Elliptic curve cryptography

Public key cryptography?

Crypto hardware acceleration

DTLS Profiles (DICE)

Authentication/Authorization in Constrained Environments (ACE)

Secure multicast?

Next Big Step for Low-power IP

Questions?

Matthias Kovatsch https://github.com/mkovatsc/

[email protected] http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/

https://github.com/mkovatsc/

mailto:[email protected]

http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/

Date post:	25-Jan-2015
Category:	Technology
Upload:	matthias-kovatsch
View:	5,649 times
Download:	2 times

Virtual IoT Meetup: Connecting Sensor Networks

Technology