VirtualPowertoRealizetheSmartGridTheRoleofHardware-in-the-LoopSimula7oninTomorrow’sPowerSystems
Ravinder Venugopal, Ph. D.
SLAC Na(onal Laboratory
VADER Technical Workshop March 30, 2016 1
23/31/16
Source:wha,ssmartgrid.org
33/31/16
Source:DOEOfficeofElectricityDeliveryandEnergyReliability
43/31/16
Source:GTMResearch
Visualiza;onand
Analy;csofdistribu;onsystemswithdeeppenetra;onof
DistributedEnergyResources
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Viable
AutomatedDecentralizedEfficientReconfigurabledistribu;ongrid
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Visionofan
AutonomousDynamicEvolvingReliabledistribu;ongrid
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Whatdoweneedtogetthere?• Sensing(datacapture)
• ICT(datatransmission)
• Monitoring(bigdata)
• Complexprotec;onandadvancedcontrol(bigdynamicsandlearningsystems)
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Source:BBC
103/31/16
Source:DOEOfficeofElectricityDeliveryandEnergyReliability
CausesofFailuresofAutoma;onSystems• Func;onaldeficiencies
• Lackofrobustness(instabilityinfaultoroff-designcondi;ons)
• Interoperabilityissues
• CyberaZacks
113/31/16
ChallengesinTes;ngSmartGridSystems• Puresimula;on-basedtes;ngisinadequate
• Large,complexsystem;test-bedsmaynotberepresenta;veandareexpensive
• Tes;nginfailure/off-designmodesmaybeinfeasible/dangerous
• Requiresextensiveplanning
• Limitedbyrealcondi;ons(e.g.weather) 123/31/16
Plant Controller (Test Unit)
RCP Hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)Simula<on
Simulation of• Motor-drive controls• Power electronics control• FACTS• Protection, PMU
• MMC, HVDC, FACTS• PV, Wind Farm, DER • Plugin and hybrid vehicle• Power electronic converters• SCADA, WAM
SIL
Real-Time Simula(on-Based Tes(ng
• Real-;me:refersto;me-cri;caltechnologyordeterminis;ccomputa;onal;mes(ourusage)
50 µs
100 µs
0 µs
t
Inputs
ModelCalc.
Inputs
ModelCalc.
Outputs Outputs
What is Real-Time Simula(on ?
14
Whyreal-;me/HiL?• Latenciescanseverelyaffectcontrolandprotec;onalgorithms(racecondi;onin2003blackout)
• Noiseandquan;za;oneffectsalsoneedtobeconsidered
• Actualhardwarecanbestresstested
• Morerealis;cfaulttes;ng
153/31/16
MIT-Lincoln Laboratory – Test PlaIorm for Microgrid Controllers
• Testplabormtocomparemicrogridcontrollerperformance
• Developmetricstoevaluatecontrollerperformance(peak-shaving&valley-filling,powerfactorcorrec;on…)
• Evaluatefaultisola;onandrecovery
MIT-LL – Test PlaIorm for Microgrid Controllers
MIT-LL – Test PlaIorm for Microgrid Controllers
MIT-LL – Test PlaIorm for Microgrid Controllers
PNNL – NREL Inverter Test & Remote Co-simula(on
• HiLtestofadvancedPVinverters
• Distribu;ongridsimulatedinGridLab-DatPNNL,PCCvoltagestransmiZedoverinternettoHiLbenchatNREL
• PVmodelsruninreal-;meonHiLbench
• Communica;onlatencieslimitperformance
KTH Sweden
KTH Sweden
• PMUandWAMPACtes;ng
• ActualrelaysandPMUsintheloop
• Tes;ngofcommunica;onprotocolperformance
Smart Home Project in Japan
2kVADCAmplifier
REAL HOUSE
• Onerealsmarthomewithseveralsimulatedhomes
• Transmissionanddistribu;ondynamicssimulated
• 50µs;me-step
To&FromVirtualDevicesCommands,Status
GPSClock
PMU
Antenna
C37.118Analogout
TimesyncRF
Timesync
RelayIEC61850SV,GOOSE
VirtualDevices
AnalogoutDigitalComm
PhasorDataConcentrator(PDC)
ControlCenter:Control,Applica<onsandHMI
ControllerModbus,DNP3,etc.Analog,DigitalIO
Communica<onNetwork
Synchropasors
PowerAmplifier 9
ChallengesinReal-TimeSimula;onofPowerSystems
• Computa;onalintensity(largescalesystems,switchingchangessystemDAEs)
253/31/16
ChallengesinReal-TimeSimula;onofPowerSystems-2
• Paralleliza;onisnotalwaysstraighborward
• One;me-steplatencyindatatransferacrosscores
• Withshortlines(distribu;onnetworks)real-worldlatenciescannotbeexploited
• Novelapproachwithstate-spacenodal(SSN)solver
263/31/16
ChallengesinReal-TimeSimula;onofPowerSystems-3
• Powerelectronicshaveveryfastdynamics,requiresub-microsecond;me-steps
• FPGA-basedsimula;onisrequired
• Switchingisagainaproblem
• Approximateswitchwithaninductance(closed)orcapacitance(open)butwithaconstantimpedance(PejovicandMaksimovic)
273/31/16
LookingAhead:MachineLearning• Usingmachinelearningforthesmartgridisstar;ngtobeanac;veresearcharea(demandandgenera;onpredic;on,topologyiden;fica;on…)
• Trainingdata-setsarenoteasilyavailable
• Simula;onallowsfortrainingalgorithmsunderaninfinitelywiderangeofcondi;ons(doesnothavetobereal-;me,butspeedhelps!)
• Behaviorwithoutlierscanbetested
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LookingAhead:Faster-Than-Real-TimeSimula;on• Advancedcon;ngencyanalysisusingmoreaccuratestatees;matesbasedonPMU/µPMUmeasurements
• Modelpredic;vecontrolwithonlinesimula;on-basedvalida;on
• Fillingindataintheeventofmeasurementcorrup;oncausedbycyberaZacks(real-;me)
• Simula;on-basedop;miza;on,reconfigurable/self-healinggrids
293/31/16
LookingAhead:Cybersecurity
• Valida;onofsecurityalgorithmsforcyber-physicalsystems
• Damagepredic;on/minimiza;on
• Balancingcontrolperformancewithcybersecurity
• Studyinterac;onbetweencommunica;onnetworksandpowersystem
303/31/16
313/31/16
Source:wha,ssmartgrid.org
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ThePossibili;es….
323/31/16
