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Hishamuddin Bin Ahmad VIRUS PATOGENIK
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1. Menyatakan klasifikasi virus
2. Senaraikan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus patogenik
Baltimore classification
Baltimore classification (first defined in 1971) is a classification system that places viruses depending on a combination of their nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), strandedness (single-stranded or double-stranded), Sense, and method of replication.
Klasifikasi Virus
Virus Family Examples (common names)Adenoviridae Human AdenovirusPapillomaviridae Human Papilloma VirusParvoviridae Parvovirus B19
Herpesviridae Herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus
Poxviridae Smallpox virus, vaccinia virus, Variola
Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B virus
Polyomaviridae Polyoma virus; JC virus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
DNA Viruses
Virus Family Examples (common names)Reoviridae Reovirus, Rotavirus
Picornaviridae Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatitis A virus, Poliovirus, Erbovirus, Coxsackie A & B virus
Caliciviridae Hepatitis E virusTogaviridae Rubella virusArenaviridae Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virusFlaviviridae Dengue virus, Hepatitis C virus, Yellow fever virus
Orthomyxoviridae Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C
Paramyxoviridae Measles virus, Mumps virus, Nipah virusBunyaviridae California encephalitis virus, HantavirusRhabdoviridae Rabies virusFiloviridae Ebola virus, Marburg virusCoronaviridae SARS coronavirusAstroviridae Astrovirus
RNA Viruses
Penyakit Yang Disebabkan Oleh
Infeksi Virus Patogenik
Penyakit Yang Disebabkan Oleh Infeksi Virus Patogenik
Jangkitan virus
•Setiap satu virus mempunyai pengkhususan untuk menyerang sel perumah yang spesifik.
•Bakteria juga boleh di jangkiti virus. Virus yang menyerang bakteria di panggil bakteriofaj (bakteriophages).
Chicken Pox (Cacar Air)Agen: Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)Varicella (a vesicular eruption)Virus terdapat di dalam vesicular fluid
Chicken Pox (Cacar Air)Spread easily through coughs or sneezes of ill individuals, or through direct contact with secretions from the rash. Following primary infection there is usually lifelong protective immunity from further episodes of chickenpox.
InfluenzaAgen: Influenza virus A, Influenza virus B, Influenza virus C
InfluenzaAgen: Influenza A (H1N1), subtype of influenza A Most common cause of influenza (flu) in humansOther strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs (swine influenza) and in birds (avian influenza).
KUALA LUMPUR, 11 Dis 2010 (Bernama), Di peringkat global, Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) melaporkan 622,482 kes influenza A (H1N1) disahkan positif manakala 7,826 kematian dilaporkan di seluruh dunia sehingga 22 Nov 2009. Di Malaysia, jumlah kematian akibat Influenza A (H1N1) ialah 77 orang
Influenza
Measles (Campak)Agen: Rubeola virus, Morbilli virusHighly infectious virus disease – mainly infect
childrenJangkitan paru-paru (Pneumonia ) Jangkitan pada otak (encephalitis) Kes yang serius boleh berakhir dengan kematian.
Bagi wanita hamil pula, boleh menyebabkan keguguran atau kelahiran pramatang
RubellaAgen: Rubella virusNama lain: German measlesGenerally mild disease in kids that can be prevented with vaccination
Boleh menyebabkan infertiliti pada lelaki
Mumps (Beguk)Agen: ParamyxovirusMumps can also be spread by sharing food, sharing drinks, and kissing
HerpesAgen: Herpes Simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)presenting as blisters containing infectious virus particles—that last 2–21 daysmay affect the face and mouth (orofacial herpes), genitalia (genital herpes), or hands (herpes whitlow).
Herpes
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Agen: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Punca:
Sexual contact blood or blood product transfusion needle sharing by drug users transplantation of tissue or organ
Primary target for HIV infection is CD4+ T cell, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells,
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
World HIV infections
HepatitisAgen: Hepatitis virus
Hepatitis A virus – PicornavirusHepatitis B virus - HepadnavirusHepatitis C virus - FlavivirusHepatitis E virus – Calicivirus
PolioAgen: PoliovirusPoliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysisViral infectious disease spread from person to person, primarily via the fecal-oral route.Characterized by asymmetric paralysis that most often involves the legs. infecting and destroying motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and acute flaccid paralysis
Pengkhususan
Virus yang menyebab selsema hanya menyerang salur pernafasan, yangmenyebabkan campak hanya pada kulit, yang menyebabkan rabies(daripada anjing gila) hanya pada sel saraf.
Penyakit AIDS di sebabkan oleh virus yang menyerang sejenis sel darahputih sahaja yang mengawal rangsangan sistem imun badan. Atau stren ygmenyerang otak sahaja.
Namun hari ini , terdapat keadaan dimana virus boleh merentasipengkhususan perumah. Eg 1.penyakit selesema burung yg bolehmenjangkiti manusia (menyebabkan SARS) 2. BSE (perumah lembu)menjangkiti manusia (penyakit CJD = lembu gila).
