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SURVEY ON NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
Vishal BhatnagarMichael Jewitt
Karan KampaniGreg MaagTim Suffel
What We Researched
What is NFC? How does NFC work? How is NFC different from Bluetooth? Current Applications Future Applications Challenges with Security Challenges in the Market
What Is NFC?
Near Field Communications Communication Protocol between 2
devices Short range
Max of 4 inches Low Power Successor to RFID
Uses Magnetic Induction Creates Radio-Wave Field
“Sharing, pairing, and transaction” [1]
How Does NFC Work?
Short Range Wireless Technology Typically requires a distance of 4 cm or
less Operates at 13.56 MHz Transfer rates of 106 kbits/s to 848
kbits/s
Passive Communication Mode
Initiator Device Has a power source Provides an electromagnetic field that
powers the target device Target Device (or Tag)
Can be in the form of tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards
Uses electromagnetic field to transfer small amounts of data to the initiator device
Active Communication Mode
Both initiator and target device have a power supply
Communicate by alternately generating their own fields
Two devices communicate to each other by trading roles of initiator and target
Comparison with Bluetooth
Both short range communication technologies
NFC has a slower transfer rate NFC does not require pairing of devices
Comparison with Bluetooth
NFC Bluetooth
Range < 4 cm ~10 m (class 2)
Frequency 13.56 MHz 2.4-2.5 GHz
Bit Rate 848 kbit/s 2.1 Mbit/s
Set-up time < 0.1 s < 6s
[2]
Making Transactions Easier
Scan mobile device to make purchases Movie tickets Soda Etc…
Checking purchases Entry into a theater Get information
from NFC enabled poster.
Google Wallet What is it?
An application developed for the Android platform
Enables payment for items with cell phone
How it works Swipe phone near
NFC-equipped pin pad
accept the transaction
Angry Birds
New version of game [3] Angry Birds Magic
Nokia C7 Will use NFC
People can connect to other devices
Unlock higher levels by bumping phones
Social Media
Works like foursquare but using NFC tags at different locations.
Started by a German company called servtag
Transportation and Access
Easily integrated into all public transport systems
Use the phone to use train ticket passes
Car rentals Unlock and start your
car Opening of home
doors Countries like
Norway aiming for nationwide NFC transport ticketing standard [4]
Identity Documents
Governments, employers and other institutions use contactless identity cards
Initially planned for university and school use
Security of national ID cards and passport information strengthened with biometric information
Healthcare
NFC tags provide medical professionals with information about treatments for a patient
Keep a track of doctors and nurses who have checked in with a patient
Remote monitoring of health from home (patients discharged earlier than normal) reducing healthcare costs [5]
Smart Objects
Information tags on an object provide detailed information about it
Security Issues with NFC NFC can fall victim to
eavesdropping[6]
Eavesdropping can be achieved from distances of up to 10 m[7]
The Man-in-the Middle attack is deemed infeasible with NFC [6]
Practically impossible for the attacker to get the RF field to align correctly
Incorrect alignment would cause a scrambling of the data
[6]
Other Security Issues Apps for mobile phone NFC
payment can be spoofed by malicious apps that emulate the legitimate NFC apps[8]
This is especially a problem on Android
Stolen devices can be a security issue with electronic keys
When apps use a password or PIN system it leaves amount of security up to the user[8]
This can be bad when users re-use passwords or have weak passwords such as “password” or “1234”
[8]
Challenges for NFC in the Market
NFC chips not yet included in the Apple iPhone
Support from software developers and the merchant community[9]
Cost of hardware for NFC chip readers Costs several hundred
dollars per reader and retailers would need one per register[10]
[10]
Conclusion
NFC is an exciting new short range mobile technology
There are many great potential uses Makes transactions easier Help with transportation and access Interact with surroundings
NFC still requires more security protection
May soon revolutionize the way we use our mobile devices
References [1]http://www.popsci.com/gadgets/article/2011-02/near-field-
communication-helping-your-smartphone-replace-your-wallet-2010/
[2]http://mgitecetech.wordpress.com/2011/01/23/nfc-near-field-communication/
[3]http://www.geeky-gadgets.com/angry-birds-magic-uses-nfc-video-31-05-2011/
[4]http://www.nearfieldcommunicationsworld.com/category/applications
[5]http://wewillraakyou.com/2011/05/near-field-communication [6]computerresearch.org/stpr/index.php/gjcst/article/download/
588/524 [7]events.iaik.tugraz.at/RFIDSec06/Program/papers/002%20-
%20Security%20in%20NFC.pdf [8]http://www.pcworld.com/article/228959/
google_wallet_security_has_a_weakness.html [9]http://www.microsperience.com/?p=4891 [10]http://techcrunch.com/2011/03/16/mobile-wallet-nfc-
overhyped/