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Vistas 12.3, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2
Subjunctive
INDICATIVE
The Indicative is the group of verb tenses that reflect the certainty of an action.
• Imperfect Tense• Preterite Tense• Present Tense• Future Tense
SUBJUNCTIVE
The Subjunctive is the group of verb tenses that reflect the uncertainty of an action.
• Past Subjunctive• Present Subjunctive
The uncertainty is expressed in the main clause by a verb that reflects an opinion, doubt, or a request.
SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Main Clause + Conjunction + Subordinate Clause
Es importante que Eduardo estudie para el examen.
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION
Regular Verbs• Put in the yo form• Drop the “o”• Add the opposite ending
Es bueno que nosotros hablemos español.
hable hablemos
hables habléis
hable hablen
coma comamos
comas comáis
coma coman
QUE +
QUE +
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION
Irregular Verbs• Dar : De• Estar : Esté• Ir : Vaya• Saber : Sepa• Ser : Sea• Haber: Haya*
Es necesario que los menores sean respetuosos a los mayores.
sea seamos
seas seáis
sea sean
QUE +
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION
Yo Forma Spelling Changers
Go verbs : GA• Decir• Salir• Poner• Venir• Hacer• Tener• Oír• Seguir (e-i)
Es urgente que vengas al hospital.
venga vengamos
vengas vengáis
venga vengan
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION
YO Form Spelling Changers
zco verbs : ZCA• conducir• conocer• ofrecer• parecer• traducir
Es fantástico que nos ofrezcan esta oportunidad.
ofrezca ofrezcamos
ofrezcas ofrezcáis
cofrezca ofrezcan
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION
Stem Changing Verbs
AR & ER Verbs• U-UE• O-UE• E-I• E-IE
Es fascinante que Pedro quiera aprender el japonés.
x
x
Nosotros and Vosotros NEVER change.
quiera queramos
quieras queráis
quiera quieran
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION
Stem Changing Verbs
IR Verbs• O-UE• E-I• E-IE
Es imprecindible que todos duerman por lo menos 8 horas cada noche.
E-I / O-U
E-I / O-U
Nosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U
duerma durmamos
duermas durmáis
duerma duerman
FORMATION REVIEW
Regular Verbs• Put in the yo form• Drop the “o”• Add the opposite ending
Irregular Verbs• Dar : De• Estar : Esté• Ir : Vaya• Saber : Sepa• Ser : Sea• Haber : Haya
Spelling Changersgo verbs : GAzco verbs: ZCAger verbs: JA
Stem Changing VerbsAR & ER VerbsNosotros and Vosotros NEVER change.IR VerbsNosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U
SENTENCE STRUCTURE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE
In order to conjugate the verb in the subjunctive in the subordinate clause, the main clause must include a verb of:
• Wish
• Emotional reaction
• Impersonal Expression
• Request
• Doubt or denial
• Ojalá
• Speculation
IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS
• Es bueno / malo
• Es mejor / peor
• Es urgente
• Es importante
• Es necesario
These impersonal expressions reflect an opinion, which is subjective and therefore require the subjunctive.
Es mejor que yo vaya a la escuela temprano.
Present Subjunctiv
e
IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS
• Es cierto
• Es verdad
These impersonal expressions reflect fact, which is objective and therefore require the indicative.
Es verdad que voy a la escuela temprano.
Present Indicative
IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS
• Es bueno / malo
• Es mejor / peor
• Es urgente
• Es importante
• Es necesario
These impersonal expressions are not followed by a conjunction, therefore are used with the Infinitive form of a verb.
Es importante ir a la escuela temprano.
InfinitiveX
IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS
Subjective: Es mejor que yo vaya a la escuela temprano.
Objective: Es verdad que voy a la escuela temprano.
No Conjunction: Es importante ir a la escuela temprano.
VERBS OF WILL OR INFLUENCE
The subjunctive is used with verbs of will or influence because it is uncertain that the request or recommendation will be fulfilled.
ACONSEJAR to adviseDESEAR to wishIMPORTAR to matterINSISTIR EN to insistMANDAR to orderNECESITAR to need
PEDIR (e-i) to ask forPREFERIR (e-ie) to preferPROHIBIR to prohibitQUERER (e-ie) to wantRECOMENDAR (e-ie)
to recommendROGAR (o-ue) to begSUGERIR (e-ie) to suggest
SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCE STRUCTURE
WEIRDO + QUE + SUBJUNCTIVE
Must have a Conductor and a Passenger to leave the station
Must have a WEIRDOS as a Conductor Conjugate the verb AFTER que in the Subjunctive
WishEmotional reactionImpersonal ExpressionRequestDoubt or denialOjaláSpeculation
VERBS WITH IOPThese verbs are usually preceded by an IOP to whom or for whom the action is done.
ACONSEJAR
ME IMPORTAR
TE MANDAR
LE + PEDIR (e-i)
NOS PROHIBIR
OS RECOMENDAR (e-ie)
LES ROGAR (o-ue)
SUGERIR (e-ie)
Te recomiendo que hables con tu madre sobre este tema.
INFINITIVE INSTEAD OF SUBJUNCTIVE
The INFINITIVE is used instead of the SUBJUNCTIVE when there is no change of the subject.
No quiero hacer la tarea. VS. No quiero que tú hagas la tarea.
Paco prefiere comer tacos. VS. Paco prefiere que Maria coma los tacos.
SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF EMOTION
Verbs of emotion reflect feelings and therefore are subjective requiring the subjunctive in the subordinate clause.
However in the absence of a subordinate clause, when a sentence only has one subject, the infinitive is used after a verb of emotion.
Siento que tú no puedas venir mañana.
Siento no poder venir mañana.
VERBS OF EMOTION
Alegrarse de
Esperar
Gustar *
Molestar *
Sentir (e-ie)
Soprender *
Temer
Tener miedo de
Es extraño
Es una lástima
Es rídiculo
Es terrible
Es triste
Ojalá (que)
SPECIAL CONJUGATION VERBS
GUSTAR, MOLESTAR, and SORPRENDER are conjugated on the 3rd person singular and the Indirect Object Pronoun represents the subject.
Me gusta que Marcelo me lleve a la escuela.
A Mariana le molesta que su perro orine en la alfombra.
Nos sorprende que no haya un examen hoy.
OJALÁ
Ojalá can be followed by QUE or not, but regardless it is followed by the Sujbunctive.
Ojalá (que) ganemos el partido este Viernes.
IN SHORTINDICATIVE The first verb always goes in the Indicative• Es importante, Espero, Le aconsejamos
INFINITIVE 2 verbs in a row (no commas, no “que” in between) use the infinitive• Quiero bailar, Les aconsejo bailar dos veces a la semana.
Impersonal Expressions not followed by “que” use the infinitive• Es importante bailar. Es divertido bailar
SUBJUNCTIVE Impersonal expression followed by “que”• Es importante que bailes el mambo.
2 different subjects split by “que” and the first verb is a WEIRDO• Espero que bailes el mambo conmigo.
SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF DOUBT OR DENIAL
Whenever a sentence express doubt or denial in the main clause, the subjunctive will be used the subordinate clause because it implies uncertainty.
However, if a sentence express certainty in the main clause, the indicative will also be used in the subordinate clause
• Doubt / Denial = SubjunctiveNo es cierto que vengan muchas personas a la fiesta
• Certainty = IndicativeEs cierto que vienen muchas personas a la fiesta.
EXPRESSIONS OF DOUBT
• *Dudar
• *Negar (e-ie)
• *No creer / pensar
• *No estar seguro/a de
• *No es cierto
• *No es verdad
• *No es obvio
• Es (im)posible
• Es (im)probable
• To doubt
• To deny
• To not believe / think
• To not be sure
• To not be certain
• To not be true
• It is obvious
• To be (im)possible
• To be (im)probable
IMPORTANT NOTICE
The following verbs in their opposite form represent certainty and are followed by the indicative:
SUBJUNCTIVE*Dudar*Negar (e-ie)*No creer*No estar seguro/a de*No es cierto*No es verdad
INDICATIVENo dudarNo negar (e-ie)CreerEstar seguro/a deEs cierto queEs verdad que
WRAP YOUR MIND AROUND IT
If you think or believe it is certain, so • PENSAR and CREER in the affirmative form are followed by the
Indicative.
Pienso que es una buena idea ir al cine el Viernes.
Expressions involving possibility or probability are always uncertain, so • (No) es (im)posible and (No) es (im)probable are followed by the
Subjunctive.
Es imposible que yo reciba un coche de Navidad.
SUBJUNCTIVE WITH CONJUNCTIONS
When stipulating a condition, you will need to use the subjunctive.
Cojunctions that require the Subjunctive• A menos que unless
• Antes (de) que before
• Con tal (de) que provided that
• En caso (de) que in case (that)
• Para que so that
• Sin que without
• Voy al cine a menos que tenga que trabajar.
CONJUCTIONS FOLLOWED BY THE INFINITIVE
If there is no change of subject, the following conjunctions are not followed by que + subjunctive, but by the infinitive.
ANTES DE PARA + INFINITIVESIN
Voy al cine antes de cenar.
CONJUNCTIONS WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE OR THE
INDICATIVE• The following conjunctions may be followed by the indicative or the
subjunctive depending on the time frame.
• Cuando when
• Despues de que after
• En cuanto as soon as
• Hasta que until
• Tan pronto como as soon as
TIME FRAMES
PAST ACTIONS
• Sentences that express completed actions in the past will use the Indicative.Fui al cine cuando mi padre llegó a casa.
HABITUAL ACTIONS
• Sentences that express habitual actions in the present will use the Indicative as well.
Los domingos voy al cine cuando mi padre llega a casa.
ANTICIPATED / FUTURE ACTIONS
• Sentences that express anticipation of a future action will use the Subjunctive.
El proximo domingo voy al cine cuando mi padre llegue a casa.
SENTENCE STRUCTURES
PAST + CONJ + PAST
Fui al cine cuando mi padre llegó a casa.
PRESENT + CONJ + PRESENT
Los domingos voy al cine cuando mi padre llega a casa.
COMMAND + CONJ + SUBJUNCTIVE
Ve al cine cuando tu padre llegue a casa.
FUTURE + CONJ + SUBJUNCTIVE
Voy al cine cuando mi padre llegue a casa.
13.1 THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Use the subjunctive in adjective clause when it refers to a person, place, thing or idea that either:
• DOES NOT EXIST or• IS UNCERTAIN or INDEFINITE
NON-EXISTENCE
En mi barrio, no hay una heladería que venda helado de mango.
VS.
En mi barrio, hay una heladería que vende helado de mango.
UNCERTAIN EXISTANCE
Necesito un libro que tenga información sobre Venezuela.
VS.
Necesito el libro que tiene información sobre Venezuela.
The article before the noun lets you know whether it certainly exists or not.
Definite articles (el, la, los, las) and Demonstrative Adjectives (este, ese, aquel)
express certainty of existence.
QUESTIONING THE EXISTENCE
If you are questioning the existence is because you are not certain and therefore the use of the subjunctive is necessary.
¿Hay una heladería que venda helado de mango?
PERSONAL A
When the direct object refers to a KNOWN person it must be preceded by the personal “a”.
Buscamos al empleado que habla japonés.
Vs.
Buscamos un empleado que hable japonés.
However if the direct object is alguien or nadie it is
always preceded by the personal “a”
Buscamos a alguien que hable japonés.
No conocemos a nadie que hable japonés.
13.2 NOSOTROS COMMANDS
These commands are used to give order or suggestions that include yourself and other people.
• The English equivalent is Let’s + verb. “Let’s dance”
• In Spanish there are two ways to form this type of command:
1. Vamos + a + infinitive “Vamos a bailar”2. Nosotros form of the Present Subjunctive “Bailemos”
FORMATION REVIEW
Regular Verbs• Put in the yo form• Drop the “o”• Add the opposite ending
Irregular Verbs• Dar : De• Estar : Esté• Ir : Vaya• Saber : Sepa• Ser : Sea• Haber : Haya
Spelling Changersgo verbs : GAzco verbs: ZCAger verbs: JA
Stem Changing VerbsAR & ER VerbsNosotros and Vosotros NEVER change.IR VerbsNosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U
NUANCES OF THE NOSOTROS COMMANDS
Affirmative Command for the verb “IR” –
Negative Command for the verb “IR” – NO VAYAMOS
PRONOUNS AND COMMANDS
• Pronouns are attached to the end of an affirmative command
Comprar un regalo a ellos¡Comprémoselo! (Not Comprémosselo)
• Pronouns are placed before a negative commandNo comprar un regalo a ellos¡No se lo compremos!
Accentsámosémos
REFLEXIVE VERBS
MONKEY VERBS
• In the affirmative form, drop the “S” before attaching the pronoun
¡Despertémonos temprano!
(despertemos – s = despertemo + nos)
• In the negative form, place the pronoun before the verb
¡No nos despertemos temprano!