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Visual 2.1
Unit 2: Fire Safety
Visual 2.2
Introduction and Unit Overview
The role of CERTs in fire safety: Put out small fires. Prevent additional fires. Shutoff utilities. Assist with evacuations where necessary.
Visual 2.3
Unit Objectives
Explain the role of CERTs in fire safety. Identify and reduce potential fire risks in the home
and workplace. Conduct a basic sizeup for a fire emergency. Understand basic safety precautions. Identify hazardous materials in the home and
community. Extinguish small fires using a fire extinguisher.
Visual 2.4
The Fire Triangle
Fuel Oxygen Heat
Visual 2.5
Fire Chemistry
Classes of fire: A: Ordinary combustibles B: Flammable and combustible liquids C: Energized electrical equipment D: Combustible metals K: Cooking
K
Visual 2.6
Reducing Fire Hazards in Home and Workplace
Avoid the “electrical octopus.” Don’t run cords under carpets. Replace broken or frayed cords. Maintain appliances. No unattended candles
Visual 2.7
Reducing Fire Hazards in Home and Workplace
Locate and label gas shutoffs. Natural gas Propane Oil Furnace
Visual 2.8
Shutting of the Gas Meter
Visual 2.9
Reducing Fire Hazards in Home and Workplace
Read labels. Use L.I.E.S. storage procedures
Limit Isolate Eliminate Separate
Visual 2.10
Reducing Fires During the 72 Hours
Exposure to generator exhaust
Fires from cooking oilUnattended camp fires
Malfunction from old grills still in use
Visual 2.11
Fire Size Up
Answer these questions: Can my buddy and I fight the fire safely? Do we have the right equipment? Are there other hazards? Is the building structurally damaged? Can we escape?
Visual 2.12
Size Up
1. Gather Facts.2. Assess Damage.3. Consider Probabilities.4. Assess Your Situation.5. Establish Priorities.6. Make Decisions.7. Develop Plans of Action .8. Take Action.9. Evaluate Progress.
Visual 2.13
Firefighting Resources
Resources available: Portable fire extinguishers Wet standpipes Confinement “Creative” resources
Visual 2.14
Wet Standpipes
Interior standpipes are usually in commercial and apartment buildings and consist of: 100ft of 1.5” hose 3/8” nozzle 125 gpm discharge
Always work in teams of three.
Visual 2.15
Confinement
In interior spaces, it is possible to confine and restrict the spread of smoke and heat by closing doors and windows to rooms and hallways.
Fires involving cooking materials can be confined using a pan top.
Visual 2.16
Creative Resources
Garden Hose
Water Buckets
Dirt
Baking Soda
Visual 2.17
Extinguisher Rating and Labeling
Fire extinguishers must be rated and approved by the State Fire Marshall and Underwriters Laboratories. They are rated according to their effectiveness on the different classes of fire. Their strength and capability must also be labeled by the manufacturer.
Visual 2.18
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Water Extinguisher Dry Chemical Carbon Dioxide
Specialized Fire Extinguishers
Visual 2.19
Water Extinguisher “the can”
Capacity: 2.5 gallons Range: 30-40 feet Pressure: 110 p.s.i.
Visual 2.20
Dry Chemical Extinguisher
Capacity: 10-20 second discharge time Range: 8-12 feet Pressure: 175-200 p.s.i.
Dry chemical extinguishers have a sodium bicarbonate base and are effective on class B and C fires.
Multipurpose dry chemical extinguishers have a monoammonium phosphate base and effective on class A, B and C.
Visual 2.21
Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher
Capacity: 5-100 lbs. Range: 3-6 ft Pressure: “High”, no gauge
Caution: Cone will freeze when in use. Make sure you wear hand protection!
Visual 2.22
Specialized Extinguishers
K-Extinguisher
Halon Extinguisher
D-Extinguisher
Visual 2.23
Components of a Fire Extinguisher
A: Cylinder
B: Trigger
C: Hose
D: Agent
E: Label
F: Gauge
F
Visual 2.24
P.A.S.S
Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep
Safety Tip:
Test the extinguisher before approaching any fire.
Visual 2.25
Aim at the Base
AIM and SWEEP at the base of the flames.
Why??
Your goal is to cool and/or smother the burning material. The flames and smoke are bi-products of combustion.
Visual 2.26
Offensive or Defensive Attack?
Visual 2.27
Fire Suppression Safety
Do: Use safety equipment. Work in a buddy system. Have a backup team. Have two ways to exit. Maintain a safe distance. Overhaul the fire.
Visual 2.28
Fire Suppression Safety
DON’T Try to suppress large fires. Get too close. Fight it alone. Enter smoke-filled areas.
Visual 2.29
Fire Extinguisher Rating
Extinguishers are rated for the size (sq. ft) of fire the lay person can handle.
Class A: 1 to 40 Class B: 1to 640 Class C: no rating Class D: must match the type of metal
A label may read as:
2A:10B:C
Visual 2.30
Question ?
How do you know if a material is hazardous?
Visual 2.31
Hazardous Materials . . .
Corrode other materials Explode or are easily ignited React strongly with water Are unstable when exposed to heat or shock Are toxic to humans, animals, or the environment
Visual 2.32
Identifying Stored Hazardous Materials
Visual 2.33
Identifying Stored Hazardous Materials in Fixed Facilities
NFPA 704 Diamond is an identification system instituted by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The placard identifies hazards associated with specific materials. The placard is found on fixed facilities.
Visual 2.34
704 Diamond Usage
Visual 2.35
Placard Color Differentiation
Visual 2.36
NFPA 704 Placards should be treated as a “stop sign” for CERT members.
CERT members will evacuate occupants of placarded buildings to an uphill and upwind location!
Visual 2.37
Identifying Hazardous Materials in Transit
Orange Red White RedRed &White
Red &White
Blue Yellow White Yellow &White
Black &White
DOT Placards
Visual 2.38
Chemical Classes
“Every good firefighter owns pretty rotten cars”
E- ExplosivesG- GasesF- Flammable liquidsF- Flammable combustibleO- OxidizersP- PoisonsR- RadioactiveC- Corrosives
Visual 2.39
DOT Placards
1203
3
Name
Chemical Class
Symbol
ChemicalNumber
Chemical Class
Symbol
Visual 2.40
UN and NA System
Visual 2.41
Placards
Hazardous material shipments are marked using either: DOT placards United Nation system North American warning placards
• Being phased out. Generally, seen on materials from Canada.
• NO placard is required for < 1,000 lbs
Visual 2.42
Dealing With The Unknown
Treat any unknown situation as a hazardous materials incident.
Err on the side of safety. Do not assume that, because there is no placard, no hazardous materials are present. Talk with the driver Ask for a manifest or
bill of lading
Visual 2.43
Fire Extinguisher Exercise