Visual Dictionary

BSCI 2300Ruth

MWF 11:00

Air Barrier Paper

Commonly called “Home wrap,” the Air Barrier Paper is applied directly

onto sheathing to prevent air and water vapor from penetrating into

sheathing.

Attic Ventilation

Attic vents prevent water vapor from being trapped in the attic space and also allows hot air to escape during the summer to

help manage temperatures inside the structure.

Although there are various types of Attic Vents, they all serve the same basic purpose.

Gable Vent

Turbine vent

Attic Ventilation Cont’d

Ridge Vent

Soffit Vent

BackhoeA backhoe is a piece of excavating

equipment consisting of a digging bucket at the end of a

two part articulated arm.

Backhoes are widely used as an earthmover and is a very useful piece of excavation equipment on job sites.

23” Bucket

Batter Boards

A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an

excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in

the excavation.

Batter boards are used to establish the position, shape, and size of the building on the site.

Brick Arches

Roman Arch with Keystone

Jack Arch

Brick Arches

Centering -Centering is temporary framework to

shape an arch, dome, or vault.

Brick Bonds

Running BondFlemish Bond

The Flemish bond is created by alternating layers of headers and stretchers. The next

course is laid so that the header lies in the middle of the stretcher course

bellow it.

A running bond is created by butting bricks end to

end with the joints falling in the middle of brick on

the row below.

Brick Bonds

Header Stretcher

Rowlock

Brick Bonds

Sailor

SoldierStretcher Rowlock (Shiner)

Brick Sizes

Non- Standard Brick 3”x3 ¾”x15 5/8”

Modular Brick3 ½”x2 ¼”x7 ½”

BulldozerA bulldozer is a crawler equipment that has a substantial metal blade used to push large quantities of soil, sand, and rubble during construction work.

Cladding

Wood Shingles

Wood Boards EIFS

Stone

Brick

Wood Shakes – wood shingles made from split logs. Mainly used to cover the top of a house

Wood Shingles - shingles made from sawn logs. Used in cladding or roof.

Code Requirements

Tread = 11”

Riser = 7”

International Building Code states that treads should be no narrower that 11” and that risers should be no more than 7 ¾” tall.

These stairs meet code requirements.

Code Requirements

This window sill is set 24” off of

the finished grade and has

an opening width of 35”.

Code states that a window should be no less that 24” off of finished grade and no less that 34 ¼” wide.

This window meets code requirements.

Concrete Joints

A control joint is an intentional cut into concrete that prevents cracking in the concrete due to the expansion of the concrete itself.

Isolation joints relieve flexural stress due to vertical movement of slab on grade that adjoins foundation elements. In the picture the sidewalk is being isolated from the foundation.

Concrete Masonry Unit

1 CMU = 3 Bricks

12” x 8” x 16”

4” x 8” x 16”

Typical CMUs have dimensions of 8”x8”x16” but come in a variety of other sizes and shapes.

Decorative Concrete Masonry

Ribbed Split Face Block Split Block

Doors

Sidelight

Transom

Flush Door

6 Panel Door

A sidelight is a tall, narrow window along

side a door.

A transom is a small window

directly above a window.

Door labeled on next slide

Doors

Stile

Lock Rail

Panel

Top Rail Bottom Rail

Electrical Components

Service Head Meter

Transformer Box

A transformer box is an electrical device that

changes the voltage of an alternating current

A service head is a device that brings power lines to

the house

A electric meter is a device that measures how much electricity

was used by a dwelling.

Electrical Components

Duplex ReceptacleService Panel

A duplex receptacle is a device that allows electronics plug into

and function.

A service panel is a device that allows you to turn on and off the power in separate places

around the dwelling.

Framing Elements

#1 Anchor Bolt

Framing Elements

#4 Subflooring

#2 Sill Pate

#3 Floor Joists

Framing Elements

#5 Sole Plate #6 Stud

#7 Top Plate#8 Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements

#9 Rafter

#10 Roof Decking

#11 Sheathing #12 Stringer

Front End LoaderA Front End Loader is an

engineering vehicle that is primarily used to load

material onto or into other machinery.

A front end loader differs from bulldozers and back hoes by primarily lifting

and loading material onto other equipment.

Gypsum Board

Gypsum board is a common building

material composed of plaster gypsum pressed between thick sheets of

paper and kiln dried.

Heat Pump

Air- Handling Unit

CompressorAir handling unit is a device used to condition and circulate air as part of an HVAC system. They connect to the duct work and distribute air.

A compressor for a heat pump system pulls air from outside and runs it through

refrigerant lines to either cool or heat it.

Advantages - Heat pump systems have a rapid response time.Disadvantages - It is difficult to “zone” and may need some help in extreme cold.

Insulation

Blanket/Batt Insulation Loose Fill

FoamedRigid Board

Insulation is material with low thermal

conductivity that is included in a

building envelope to reduce heat flow

through an assembly

Lintel

Angle Steel Lintel

A angel steel lintel is a bent piece of steel

that carries the load of a wall over a window or door

opening.

Helps masonry span window and door

gaps.

Mortar

Raked JointFound on the Lowder Business

Building on Auburn’s campus. It is a 3/8” thick tooled joint most likely using

Type S mortar due to the expanse of the building.

Concave JointFound on the Student Center on Auburn’s campus. It is a tooled joint and also most

likely uses Type S mortar. The joint is approximately 3/8” thick

Both joints are on large commercial style buildings.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is a manufactured building panel (non-veneered) composed of long strands of wood fibers oriented in specific directions and

bonded together under pressure.

Plumbing

LavatoryA lavatory generally uses a

1 ½” drainage pipe.

Water ClosetWater Closets use a 3” drainage

pipe.

Plumbing Cont’d

Manufactured Tub

This vent is a Vent Through the Roof

(VTR) and it prevents sewer gases from

backing up into the house

Vent Through Roof

Drop-In Sink

Plywood

Plywood is a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.

Veneer – A thin covering over another surface for a more aesthetically pleasing facing

Radiant Barrier

A Radiant Barrier prevents the transfer of heat through a material. It usually look like aluminum foil as it does here except it has a bad

glare.

Here it is installed on ductwork to keep heat from heating up the air traveling through the duct work.

Rebar

This is #3 rebar which is 3/8” thick in cross section. This is

grade 40.

The deformations are rolled into the

surface of a reinforcing bar to

help it bond tightly to the concrete.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter A gutter is a channel that

collects rainwater and snow melt at the eave of

a roof.

DownspoutA downspout is a

vertical pipe used for conducting water

from a roof to a lower level.

Splash BlockA splash block is a

small precast block or plastic used to divert water at the bottom

of a downspout. Also helps prevent

erosion.

Steep Roof Materials

UnderlaymentUnderlayment is a

layer of waterproof material such as

building felt between roof sheathing and

roofing.

Clay Tile Roof

Wood Shingle Roof

Shingle – a shingle is a small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other units to render wall or sloping roof water tight

Metal Panel Roof-Typically uses galvanized or

aluminized steel.

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof Gambrel Roof

Hip Roof Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge

EaveAn eave is the

horizontal edge at the low side of a

sloping roof

A ridge is a level intersection of two

planes of a roof.

Valley

A valley is a trough formed

by the intersection of

two roof slopes.

Steep Roof Terms

RakeA rake is a sloping

edge of a steep roof

FasciaA fascia is the exposed vertical face of an eave.

SoffitA soffit is the under

surface of a horizontal element of a building.

Steep Roof Terms

A building without a fascia has no horizontal face.

Stone

Random Ashlar

Coursed Ashlar

Random Rubble

Coursed Rubble

Vapor Retarder

Vapor Retarder is a layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of

water vapor through a building assembly.

It is placed on the warm in the winter side of a building. In most US

climates it would be on the inside of a house.

Vapor Retarder

Waterproofing

Waterproofing is an impervious membrane applied to the outside

of a foundation. The waterproofing here is fully

adheared.

Waterproofing

Weep Hole

A weep hole is a whole in a brick cladding system that’s

purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates

inside a building component or assembly.

Weep Hole

Welded Wire Fabric

Welded wire fabric is a grid of steel rods that are welded

together and used to enforce a concrete slab. The grid used in

this slab is 5”x5”.

Welded Wire Fabric

Windows

This is a double hung window because it has two overlapping sashes that slide vertically on

tracks.

Sliding Window

This is a sliding window because is has one fixed sash and another that moves horizontally in

tracks.

Casement Window

This is an out-swinging casement window because the hinges are on the side.

Windows are classified by the way they move!

Double Hung Window