Visual Inspection of the Transformer _ CsanyiGroup

8/10/2019 Visual Inspection of the Transformer _ CsanyiGroup

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12/15/2014 Visual Inspection Of The Transformer | CsanyiGroup

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Figure 1.Conservator Oil Level

Check the oil level gauge on the conservator. See figure 1at right. This gauge indicates oil level by displaying a temperature. Compar

the indicated temperature on the conservator level gauge with the top oil temperature indicator. They should be approximately the same.

Calibrate or replace the conservator oil level indicator if needed, but only after checking the top oil temperature indicator as shown in the

above section. Reference also IEEE 62-1995 [11], section 6.6.2. If atmospheric gases (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide) an

perhaps moisture increase suddenly in the DGA, a leak may have developed in the conservator diaphragm or bladder. With th

transformer offline and under clearance, open the inspection port on top of the conservator and look inside with a flashlight. If there is a

leak, oil will be visible on top of the diaphragm or inside the bladder. Reclose the conservator and replace the bladder or diaphragm a

the first opportunity by scheduling an outage. If there is no gas inside the Buchholz Relay, the transformer may be re-energized aftebleeding the air out of the bladder failure relay.

A DGA should be taken immediately to check for O2, N2, and moisture. However, the transformer may be operated until a new

bladder is installed, keeping a close eye on the DGAs. It is recommended that DGAs be performed every 3 months until the new

bladder is installed. After the bladder installation, the oil may need to be de-gassed if O2 exceeds 10,000 ppm. Also, carefully chec

the moisture level in the DGAs to ensure it is below recommended levels for the particular transformer voltage. Check the desiccant in

the breather often; never let more than two-thirds become discolored before renewing the desiccant. All efforts should be made to keep

the oxygen level below 2,000 ppm and moisture as low as possible.

1.5 Conservator Breather

Figure 2.Conservator Breather

Check the dehydrating (desiccant) breather for proper oil level if it is an oil type unit. Check the color of the desiccant and replace i

when approximately one-third remains with the proper color. See figure 2for a modern oil type desiccant breather. Notice the pink


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desiccant at the bottom of the blue indicating that this portion is water saturated. Notice also that oil is visible in the very bottom 1-inch

or so of the unit.

Many times, the oil is clear, and the oil level will not be readily apparent. Normally, there is a thin line around the breather near th

bottom of the glass; this indicates where the oil level should be.

Compare the oil level with the level indicator line and refill, if necessary. Note the 1-inch pipe going from the breather to th

conservator. Small tubing ( inch or so) is not large enough to admit air quickly when the transformer is de-energized in winter. A

transformer can cool so quickly that a vacuum can be created from oil shrinkage with enough force to puncture a bladder. When this

happens, the bladder is destroyed; and air is pulled into the conservator making a large bubble.

1.6 Nitrogen

If the transformer has a nitrogen blanket, check the pressure gauge for proper pressure. Look at the operators recording of pressures

from the pressure gauge. If this does not change, the gauge is probably defective. Check the nitrogen bottle to insure the nitrogen is the

proper quality (see PEB No. 5 [20]). Check for any increased usage of nitrogen which indicates a leak. Smaller transformers such a

station service or smaller generator-step-up transformers may not have nitrogen bottles attached to replace lost nitrogen. Be especially

watchful of the pressure gauge and the operators records of pressures with these.

The pressure gauge can be defective for years, and no one will notice. The gauge will read nearly the same and will not vary much ove

winter and summer or night and day. Meanwhile, a nitrogen leak can develop; and all the N2 will be lost. This allows air with oxygen

and moisture to enter and deteriorate the oil and insulation. Watch for increased oxygen and moisture in the DGA. An ultrasonic andsonic leak detection instrument (P-2000) is used for locating N2 leaks.

1.7 Oil Leaks

Oil Leaks

Check the entire transformer for oil leaks. Leaks develop due to gaskets wearing out, ultraviolet exposure, taking a set, or from

expansion and contraction, especially after transformers have cooled, due to thermal shrinkage of gaskets and flanges. Many leaks ca

be repaired by applying an epoxy or other patch.

Flange leaks may be stopped with these methods using rubberized epoxy forced into the flange under pressure. Very small leaks i

welds and tanks may be stopped by peening with a ball-peen hammer, cleaning with the proper solvent, and applying a patch of the

correct epoxy.

Experienced leak mitigation contractors whose work is guaranteed may also be employed. Some leaks may have to be welded

Welding may be done with oil in the transformer if an experienced, qualified, and knowledgeable welder is available. If welding with oi

in the tank is the method chosen, oil samples must be taken for DGA both before and after welding. Welding may cause gases to appea

in the DGA and it must be determined what gases are attributed to welding and which ones to transformer operation.

1.8 Pressure Relief Device

With the transformer under clearance, check the pressure relief device indicating arm on top of the Figure 3. Pressure Relief Device.

transformer to see if it has operated. If it has operated, the arm will be in the up (vertical) position, and alarm and shutdown relays

should have activated.


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Figure 3. Pressure Relief Device

CAUTION:

Do not re-energize a transformer after this device has operated and relays have de-energized the transformer, until

extensive testing to determine and correct the cause has been undertaken. Explosive, catastrophic failure could be the

result of energization after this device has operated.

1.9 Oil Pumps

If the transformer has oil pumps, check flow indicators and pump isolation valves to ensure oil is circulating properly. Pump motor(s

may also have reversed rotation, and flow indicators may still show that oil is flowing. To ensure motors are turning in the prope

direction, use an ammeter to check the motor current. Compare results with the full-load-current indicated on the motor nameplate. I

the motor is reversed, the current will be much less than the nameplate full-load-current. Check oil pumps with a vibration analyzer

they develop unusual noises.

Have the DGA lab check for dissolved metals in the oil and run a metal particle count for metals if the bearings are suspect. This shoul

be done immediately, as soon as a bearing becomes suspect; bad oil-pump bearings can put enough metal particles into the oil t

threaten transformer insulation and cause flashover inside the tank. An explosive catastrophic failure of the transformer tank could be the

result.

1.10 Fans and Radiators

Inspect all isolation valves at the tops and bottoms of radiators to ensure they are open. Inspect cooling fans and radiators for cleanlines

and fans for proper rotation. Check for dirty or damaged fan blades or partially blocked radiators. Fans are much more efficient if the

blades are clean and rotating in cool air. Normally, fans blow cool air through the radiators; they should not be pulling air through

Check to see if fans are reversed electrically (i.e., pulling air first through the radiators and then through the fan blades). This means th

blades are rotating in warm air after it passes through the radiator which is much less efficient. Place a hand on the radiator opposite th

fans; air should be coming out of the radiator against your hand.

Watch the blades as they rotate slowly when they are starting or stopping to determine which way they should be rotating and correcthe rotation if necessary.

1.11 Buchholz Relay


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Figure 4.Buchholz Relay

Inspect the isolation valve on the Buchholz relay to ensure it is open. With the transformer offline and under clearance, examine th

Buchholz relay by lifting the window cover (center in figure 4at right) and looking inside. If there is gas inside, the oil will be displaced

and the gas will be evident as a space on top the oil. If sufficient gas is found to displace the upper float, the alarm should be activated

The small valve at the top left is to bleed the gas off and reset the relay. If a small amount of gas is found in this relay when thetransformer is new (a few months after startup), it is probably just air that has been trapped in the transformer structure and is now

escaping; there is little cause for concern.

If the transformer has been on line for some time (service aged), and gas is found in the Buchholz, oil samples must be sent to the lab fo

DGA and extensive testing. Consult with the manufacturer and other transformer experts. A definite cause of the gas bubbles must b

determined and corrected before re-energization of the transformer.

1.12 Sudden Pressure Relay

Figure 5.Sudden Pressure Relay

An example relay is shown in figure 5at the left. The purpose of this relay is to alarm if there is a sudden pressure rise inside the tank

This relay is very sensitive and will operate if the pressure rises only a little. If a very small pressure change occurs caused by a smal

electrical fault inside the tank, this relay will alarm. In contrast, the pressure relief device (shown above in figure 5) operates if a larg

pressure builds inside the tank caused by heavy arcing and heating causing the oil to boil and bubble. Inspect the isolation valve t

ensure it is open.

With the transformer offline and under clearance, functionally test the sudden pressure relay by slowly closing the isolating valve. Leave


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51 people recommend this.Recommend

Posted by: ecsanyion Saturday, August 21, 2010 at 9:15 pm

Tagged with:buchholz relay, conservator, fans, inpection, nitrogen, oil,pressure relief,pumps, radiators, sudden, temperature,

transformer, visual

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Comments

6 Responses to Visual Inspection Of The Oil Transformer

1. ecsanyisays:

21 August, 2010 at 21:29

Do you think this can be enough informations for technicians to visually inspect oil transformer?
http://www.csanyigroup.com/visual-inspection-of-the-oil-transformer/comment-page-1#comment-419http://www.csanyigroup.com/http://www.csanyigroup.com/visual-inspection-of-the-oil-transformer/feedhttp://en.gravatar.com/http://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/visualhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/transformerhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/temperaturehttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/suddenhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/radiatorshttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/pumpshttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/pressure-reliefhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/oilhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/nitrogenhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/inpectionhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/fanshttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/conservatorhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/tag/buchholz-relayhttp://www.csanyigroup.com/about-us


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Reply

2. Jeremysays:

22 August, 2010 at 09:36

It depends on transformer condition. I had few very hard to detect problems with ABB's oil transformers 1600kVA.

Reply

Stefan Smithsays:

25 August, 2010 at 15:08

Of course it has a lot with transformer state. What problems did you have with ABBS transformers? You didnt mention

rated primary voltage.

Reply

ecsanyisays:

25 August, 2010 at 15:14

After few years and bad or non-at-all inspections ANY oil transformer can became unstable in work or show some

more or less serious problems.

Reply

3. fransiscosays:

22 November, 2013 at 11:44

hey guys do you think we can notice the level of transformer oil without visual inspection?

Reply

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Visual Inspection of the Transformer _ CsanyiGroup

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