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What’s a model?
A useful representationUseful
Includes those elements of something needed to answer a question or solve a problem
RepresentationJust those elements needed; nothing more
What’s a model?
Can be used to represent …ObjectsProcesses
With respect to Know/Need/Do …Facts and figuresAlgorithmAnswer
What’s a model?
A way to represent an object or a processTangible representation for an audience to examine and relate toAll parties involved can understand and relate to it.*
* “Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Rational Unified Process (RUP)”, Online: http://www.zebrasoft.com/TutorialDirectory/lct_UML_RUP.html
What is a Visual Model?
Utilize graphical elements to convey informationOften makes the abstract concreteExamples:
Street mapsAssembly diagramsCompany organizations charts
Outlines
Hierarchical ordering of stepsLower order steps can be added through refinementUseful for
Stepwise developmentOverall view of process
Algorithms
Structured model of process or methodSequence of stepsExecutableTerminatingUseful for
Stepwise development
Example
How to boil water1. Get pot2. Fill pot with water3. Place pot on burner4. Turn burner to high5. Wait till water boils6. Turn off burner
How would How would you break you break down each down each of these of these steps?steps?
Pseudocode
Structured model of process or methodUses language with loose syntax
Generally English and Programming language combined
Concept Maps“Concept Maps”, Online: http://classes.aces.uiuc.edu/ACES100/Mind/CMap.html
SpiderHierarchyFlowchartsSystemsPicture LandscapeMultidimensionalMandala
Spider Maps (aka Webs)
Place the central theme or unifying factor in the center of the mapOutwardly radiate sub-themes surround the center of the map
Spider Maps
Problem Solving
with Computers
KnowNeedDo
DataInformatio
nKnowledge
Models
Visual Models
Symbolic
Models
Physical
ModelsProblem
sNumeric
al
Textual
Logical
Hierarchy
Presents information in a descending order of importanceThe most important information is placed on the topDistinguishing factors determine the placement of the information
Hierarchy
President
Academic Vice-President
Financial Vice-President
Dean, Ancell School of Business
Dean, Arts & Sceince
Dean, Professional
Studies
Could you … ?
Represent the “Boil Water” algorithm as a hierarchy?Or how about your “Build a House” map?
Try this!
Create a spider map that shows the relationships among all materials needed to build a house
Brainstorm a list of materialsTurn the list into a spider map adding one item at a timeUse MS Visio to create a final version
Flowcharts
Structured model of process or methodFocuses on flow from one step to anotherUseful for macro view of process
Flowcharts
This is called a flowchart
Money < $15.00Stay home
Movie & sodaMovie, soda & popcorn
Money < $10.50
Flowcharts
Boxes represent actions
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Movie & sodaMovie, soda & popcorn
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Flowcharts
Diamonds represent decision points
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Movie & sodaMovie, soda & popcorn
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Flowcharts
Arrows show flow
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Movie & sodaMovie, soda & popcorn
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Flowcharts
The arrow at the top tells us there were previous steps
The arrow at the bottom tells us there are subsequent steps
Money < $15.00Stay home
Movie & sodaMovie, soda & popcorn
Money < $10.50
Flowcharts:
Boiling Water
Turn off burner
Get pot
Fill pot with water
Place pot on burner
Turn burner to high
Wait till water boils
Lift lid
Lower lid
Are there
bubbles?
Yes
No Wait till water boils