1

VITA

PERSONAL

Name: Albert N. Link

Virginia Batte Phillips Distinguished Professor

Address: Department of Economics

University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG)

Greensboro, NC 27402-6165

Telephone: UNCG Office: (336) 334-5146

Home Office: (336) 854-9431

E-mail anlink@uncg.edu

Place of Birth: Virginia, USA

Marital Status: Married; 2 adult children

PRIOR ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE

Professor of Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1982-present

Research Professor, Division on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy, Max Planck Institute,

Jena, Germany, 2004-2005 (courtesy appointment)

Distinguished Special Professor, University of Nottingham, UK, 2001-2003 (courtesy appointment)

Associate Professor of Economics, Auburn University, 1981-1982

Visiting Scholar, The Maxwell School of Public Affairs, Syracuse University, summer 1981

Assistant Professor of Economics, Auburn University, 1976-1981

ACADEMIC INTERESTS

Entrepreneurship; Public Sector Entrepreneurship; Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy; Policy

Evaluation and Analysis

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EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Graduate: Ph.D. Economics, Tulane University, 1976

Doctoral Dissertation: The Microfoundations of Technological Change: A Theoretical and Empirical

Model (E.C.H. Veendorp, Chairman)

Undergraduate: B.S. Mathematics, University of Richmond, 1971; Phi Beta Kappa

RECENT TEACHING EXPERIENCE

Economics of Sustainability: Introductory freshman/sophomore course on sustainable development.

Economics of Entrepreneurship: Introductory undergraduate course emphasizing the economic impacts

of individual, corporate, and university entrepreneurial actions.

Economics of Technology and Innovation Policy: Advanced undergraduate course emphasizing the

genesis of public policies toward technology and innovation, and the economic impacts of these

policies.

Applied Policy Analysis: MA- and PhD-level course emphasizing the tools and methods of policy

analysis and evaluation. Journal articles and governmental reports are evaluated; topic coverage ranges

from crime prevention, environmental initiatives, advances in health, technology infrastructure, and

quality assurance.

Economics of Technology, Innovation, and Sustainability Policy: MA- and PhD-level elective courses

on the relationship between technology and innovation and between innovation and sustainability

policies (separate courses) from a global perspective.

MAJOR ADMINISTRATIVE ASSIGNMENTS

Search Committees, University of North Carolina at Greensboro: departmental, School of Business

(entrepreneurship), university (director for the Office of Technology Assessment), multiple years

Director, MBA Program, University of North Carolina at Greensboro: 1988-1992

Director, Industrial Technology Program, University of North Carolina at Greensboro: 1986-1988

Head, Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro: 1983-1988

Director, Computer Technology Education Program, University of North Carolina at Greensboro: 1983-

1985

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SELECTED HONORS

Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Technology Transfer, 1996-present

Editor-in-Chief, Annals of Science and Technology Policy, 2016-present

Co-Editor, Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2015-present

Advisory Panel to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on economic

development strategies of Low-Earth Orbit and commercialization options for the International Space

Station, 2014-2015

Keynote Address: OECD Conference on Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Enterprise Dynamics,

OECD Working Party on Industry Analysis, OECD, 2014.

Advisory Committee of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Impact Assessment Unit, 2011-

2012

Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Healthcare and Technology,

“Small Business Innovation Research Program,” April 7, 2011

National Academy of Sciences, Steering Committee Member for “Understanding Research Science and

Technology Parks,” 2008

U.S. Representative to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), co-vice

chairperson of the Team of Specialists on the Innovation and Competitiveness Policies Initiative, 2007-

2012

Academic Liaison to National Governor’s Association, “State-University-Industry Partnership”

program, 2007-2008

White House Interagency Task Force on Internet Protocols (IPv6), Evaluation Research Group at the

Research Triangle Institute, 2003-2004

National Research Council Advisory Committee, Evaluation of SBIR Programs in Selected

Agencies, 2002-2006

University Research Excellence Award, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, May 2000

National Research Council Advisory Committee, Evaluation of the National Institutes of Health SBIR

Awards, 2000

National Research Council Advisory Committee, Evaluation of the Department of Defense’s SBIR

Awards, 1998-1999

Keynote Address: APEC Symposium on Evaluation of Science and Technology Programmes,

Wellington, New Zealand, 1998

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National Academies, National Research Council Advisory Committee, Evaluation of U.S. Army Civil

Works R&D, 1996-1997

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Advisory Board for Program Evaluation, 1995

U.S. Department of Commerce Delegate to OECD Meetings on Fiscal Measures to Promote R&D and

Innovation, Paris, France, 1995

National Science Foundation Advisory Committee, Data and Policy Analysis, 1991

National Science Foundation Delegate to Korea-U.S. Seminar on Science and Technology Policy,

Seoul, Korea, 1989

Richard D. Irwin Grant-in-Aid of Dissertation Research, 1975

NDEA Fellow, Tulane University, 1972-1975

PUBLICATIONS

Authored and Edited Books:

Sources of Knowledge and Entrepreneurial Behavior (with D. Audretsch), Toronto: University of

Toronto Press, forthcoming.

Gender and Entrepreneurial Activity, New York: Edward Elgar, forthcoming 2016.

Universities and the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (with D. Audretsch), New York: Edward Elgar,

forthcoming, 2016.

Essays in Public Sector Entrepreneurship (edited with D. Audretsch), New York: Springer, 2016.

The Economics of Standards, London: Edward Elgar, 2016.

Strategic Alliances: Leveraging Economic Growth and Development (edited with C. Antonelli),

London: Routledge, 2016.

Concise Guide to Entrepreneurship, Technology, and Innovation (edited with D. Audretsch and C.

Hayter), London: Edward Elgar, 2015.

The Oxford Handbook of Local Competitiveness (edited with D. Audretsch and M. Walshok), New

York, Oxford University Press, 2015.

Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles: Public Science and Private Innovation (with A. O’Connor

and T. Scott), London: Routledge, 2015.

The Chicago Handbook on University Technology Transfer (edited with D. Siegel and M. Wright),

Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2015.

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Public Sector Entrepreneurship: U.S. Technology and Innovation Policy (with D. Leyden), New York,

Oxford University Press, 2015.

Routledge Handbook on the Economics of Knowledge (edited with C. Antonelli), London, Routledge,

2015.

Recent Developments in the Economics of Science and Innovation (edited with C. Antonelli), London,

Edward Elgar, 2014.

Public Support of Innovation in Entrepreneurial Firms, London, Edward Elgar, 2013.

Bending the Arc of Innovation: Public Support of R&D in Small, Entrepreneurial Firms (with J. Scott),

New York, Palgrave-Macmillan, 2013.

Handbook on the Theory and Practice of Program Evaluation (edited with N. Vonortas), London,

Edward Elgar, 2013.

Technology Transfer in the Global Economy (edited with D. Audretsch, E. Lehmann, and A.

Starnecker), Springer, 2012.

Public Investments in Energy Technology (with M. Gallaher and A. O’Connor), London, Edward Elgar,

2012.

Valuing an Entrepreneurial Enterprise (with D. Audretsch), New York, Oxford University Press, 2012.

Employment Growth from Public Support of Innovation in Small Firms (with J. Scott), W.E. Upjohn

Institute for Employment Research, 2012.

The Economics of Evaluation in Public Programs (edited with J. Scott), London, Edward Elgar, 2011.

Public Goods, Public Gains: Calculating the Social Benefits of Public R&D (with J. Scott), New York,

Oxford University Press, 2011.

Technology Infrastructure (edited with C. Antonelli and S. Metcalfe), London, Routledge, 2009.

Government as Entrepreneur (with J. Link), New York, Oxford University Press, 2009.

A History of Entrepreneurship (with R. Hébert), London, Routledge, 2009. Published in paperback,

2012.

The Economics of Innovation Policy (edited volumes), London, Edward Elgar, 2008.

Cyber Security: Economic Strategies and Public Policy Alternatives (edited with M. Gallaher and B.

Rowe), London, Edward Elgar, 2008.

The Economic Theory of Invention and Innovation (edited volume), London, Edward Elgar, 2008.

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Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Technological Change (with D. Siegel), Oxford, Oxford

University Press, 2007.

Innovation in the U.S. Service Sector (with M. Gallaher and J. Petrusa), London, Routledge, 2006.

Entrepreneurship and Technology Policy (edited volume), London, Edward Elgar, 2006.

Public/Private Partnerships: Innovation Strategies and Policy Alternatives, New York, Springer,

2006.

Evaluating Public Research Institutions: The U.S. Advanced Technology Program’s Intramural

Research Initiative (with J. Scott), London, Routledge, 2005.

Essays in Honor of Edwin Mansfield: The Economics of R&D, Innovation and Technological

Change (edited with F.M. Scherer), New York, Springer, 2005.

Technological Change and Economic Performance (with D. Siegel), London, Routledge, 2003.

Networks, Alliances and Partnerships in the Innovation Process (edited with J. de la Mothe), Norwell,

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

From Seed to Harvest: The Growth of the Research Triangle Park, Research Triangle Park: The

Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina, 2002.

The Economics of Science and Technology (with M. Feldman and D. Siegel), Norwell, Mass.: Kluwer

Academic Publishers, 2002.

Innovation Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy (edited with M. Feldman), Norwell, Mass.:

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

Public Accountability: Evaluating Technology-Based Institutions (with J. Scott). Norwell, Mass.:

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

Evaluating Public Sector Research and Development. New York: Praeger, 1996.

A Generosity of Spirit: The Early History of the Research Triangle Park. Research Triangle Park: The

Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina, 1995.

Government’s Role in Innovation (with D. Leyden). Norwell, Mass.: Kluwer Academic Publishers,

1992.

Evaluating Economic Damages. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books, 1992.

Advances in Applied Micro-Economics (edited with V.K. Smith), vol. 5. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press,

1990.

Cooperative Research and Development: The Industry, University, Government Relationship (edited

with G. Tassey). Norwell, Mass.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.

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Cooperative Research in U.S. Manufacturing: Assessing Policy Initiatives and Corporate Strategies

(with L. Bauer). Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1989.

Strategies for Technology-Based Competition: Meeting the New Global Challenge (with G. Tassey).

Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1987.

Technological Change and Productivity Growth. London: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1987.

Economics: A Study of Markets (with S. Allen). New York: Macmillan, 1986. Second edition,

1992.

Strategic Management of Industrial R&D (edited with B. Bozeman and M. Crow). Lexington, Mass.:

D.C. Heath, 1984.

Investments in Technology: Corporate Strategies and Public Policy Alternatives (with B. Bozeman).

New York: Praeger, 1983.

The Entrepreneur: Mainstream Views and Radical Critiques (with R.F. Hebert). New York: Praeger,

1982. Second edition, 1988. Reprinted in Japanese by Holt, Rinehart, and Sanders, 1984.

Research and Development Activity in U.S. Manufacturing. New York: Praeger, 1981.

Journal Articles and Book Chapters:

“Gender and Entrepreneurship: An Annotated Bibliography” (with D. Strong), Foundations and Trends

in Entrepreneurship, forthcoming.

“Ideation, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation,” Small Business Economics, forthcoming.

“Does Information About Previous Projects Promote R&D on the International Space Station?” (with E.

Maskin), in Economic Development of Low Earth Orbit, edited by P. Besha and A. MacDonald,

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2016: 43-599.

“Dynamic Entrepreneurship and Technology-Based Innovation” (with D. Audretsch and D. Kuratko),

Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2016, 26: 603-620.

“Exploring the Effectiveness of Research and Innovation Policies among European Union Countries”

(with J. Cunningham), International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2016, 12: 415-425.

“R&D as an Investment in Knowledge Based Capital” (with C. Swann), Journal of Industrial and

Business Economics, 2016, 43: 11-24.

“On the Economic Performance of Nascent Entrepreneurs” (with D. Gicheva), European Economic

Review, 2016, 86: 109-117.

“Capturing Knowledge: Private Gains and Public Gains from Universities Research Partnerships.”

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Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2015, 11: 139-206.

“The Gender Gap in Federal and Private Support for Entrepreneurship” (with D. Gicheva), Small

Business Economics, 2015, 45: 729-733.

“Making Sense of the Elusive Paradigm of Entrepreneurship” (with D. Audretsch and D. Kuratko),

Small Business Economics, 2015, 45: 703-712.

“On the Failure of R&D Projects” (with M. Wright), IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,

2015, 62: 442-448.

“Technology-Based Growth Policies: The Case of North Carolina's Green Business Fund” (with M.

Hall), Annals of Regional Science, 2015, 54: 437–449.

“Toward an Assessment of Impacts from U.S. Technology and Innovation Policies” (with B. Bozeman),

Science and Public Policy, 2015, 43: 369-376.

“Fostering University-Industry R&D Collaborations in European Union Countries” (with J.

Cunningham), International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2015, 11: 849-860.

“Toward a Theory of the Entrepreneurial Process” (with D. Leyden), Small Business Economics, 2015,

44: 475-484.

“The Impact of Public Investment in Medical Imaging Technology: An Interagency Collaboration in

Evaluation” (with A. O’Connor, B. Downs, and L. Hillier), Economics of Innovation and New

Technology, 2015, 24: 510-531.

“U.S. Research Joint Ventures with International Partners” (with S. Allen), International

Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2015, 11: 169-181.

“University Proof of Concept Centers” (with C. Hayter), ISSUES in Science and Technology, 2015,

Winter: 32-35.

“On the Economic Impact of University Proof of Concept Centers” (with C. Hayter), Journal of

Technology Transfer, 2015, 40: 178-183.

“Economic Analysis of Opportunities to Accelerate Alzheimer’s R&D” (with T. Scott, A. O’Connor,

and T. Beaulieu), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2014, 1313: 17–34.

“A Theoretical Analysis of the Role of Social Networks in Entrepreneurship” (with D. Leyden and D.

Siegel), Research Policy, 2014: 43: 1157-1163.

“The Returns to R&D: Division of Policy Research and Analysis at the National Science Foundation”

(with M. Hall and S. Layson), Science and Public Policy, 2014, 41: 458–463.

“Private Equity and the Innovation Strategies of Entrepreneurial Firms: Empirical Evidence from the

Small Business Innovation Research Program” (with C. Ruhm and D. Siegel), Managerial and Decision

Economics, 2014, 35: 103-113. Also published as NBER working paper 18297, August 2012.

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“Research Risk and Public Policy in a Knowledge-Based Economy: The Relative Research Efficiency

of Government versus University Labs” (with D. Leyden), Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2014, 5:

294-304.

“Knowledge Spillovers, Collective Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth: The Role of Universities”

(with D. Leyden), Small Business Economics, 2013, 41: 797-817.

“Proof of Concept Centers in the United States: An Exploratory Look” (with S. Bradley and C. Hayter),

Journal of Technology Transfer, 2013, 38: 349-381.

“Models and Methods of University Technology Transfer” (with S. Bradley and C. Hayter),

Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2013, 9: 365-570.

“Public R&D Subsidies, Outside Private Support, and Employment Growth” (with J. Scott), Economics

of Innovation and New Technology,” 2013, 22: 537-550.

“Valuing an Entrepreneurial Enterprise” (with D. Audretsch), Small Business Economics, 2012, 38:

139-145.

“Fathers’ Patenting Behavior and the Propensity of Offspring to Patent: An Intergenerational Analysis”

(with C. Ruhm), Journal of Technology Transfer, 2013, 38: 332-340. Also published as NBER working

paper 17441, September 2011.

“Leveraging Entrepreneurship through Private Investments: Does Gender Matter?” (with D. Gicheva),

Small Business Economics, 2013, 40: 199-210.

“Regional Appropriation of University-Based Knowledge and Technology for Economic Development”

(with D. Audretsch and D. Leyden), Economic Development Quarterly, 2013, 27: 56-61.

“Collective Entrepreneurship: The Strategic Management of Research Triangle Park” (with D. Leyden),

in Creating Competitiveness Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policies for Growth, edited by D.

Audretsch and M. Walshok, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013: 176-185.

“From Laboratory to Market: On the Propensity of Young Inventors to Form a New Business” (with D.

Welsh), Small Business Economics, 2013, 40: 1-7.

“Employment Growth from Public Support of Innovation in Small Firms” (with J. Scott), Economics of

Innovation and New Technology, 2012, 21: 655-678.

“On the Social Value of Quality: An Economic Evaluation of the Baldrige Performance Excellence

Program” (with J. Scott), Science and Public Policy, 2012, 39: 680-689.

“The Small Business Innovation Research Program” (with J. Scott), ISSUES in Science and

Technology, 2012, 89-92.

“Employment Growth from the Small Business Innovation Research Program” (with J. Scott), Small

Business Economics, 2012, 39: 265-287.

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“Universities as Research Partners in Publicly Supported Entrepreneurial Firms” (with D. Audretsch

and D. Leyden), Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2012, 21: 529-545.

“Public Gains from Entrepreneurial Research: Inferences about the Economic Value of Public Support

of the Small Business Innovation Research Program” (with S. Allen and S. Layson), Research

Evaluation, 2012, 21: 105-112.

Amici Curiae Brief, SigmaPharm, Inc. v. Mutual Pharmaceutical Company, Inc. et al., submitted to

the U.S. Supreme Court on May 23, 2012 (with D. Audretsch, W. Cohen, R. Feinberg, S. Martin,

F.M. Scherer, J. Scott, and D. Siegel) <http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/sigmapharm-inc-v-

mutual-pharmaceutical-co-inc/>

“The Exploitation of Publicly Funded Technology” (with J. Scott), Journal of Technology Transfer,

2012, 37: 375-383.

“Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Public Policy Frameworks” (with D. Audretsch), Journal of

Technology Transfer, 2012, 37: 1-17.

“Public Science and Public Innovation: Assessing the Relationship between Patenting at U.S. National

Laboratories and the Bayh-Dole Act” (with D. Siegel and D. Van Fleet), Research Policy, 2011, 40:

1094-1099.

“Information about Information: Public Investments in Information Retrieval Research” (with B. Rowe

and D. Wood), Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2011, 2: 192-200.

“Government as Entrepreneur: Examples from U.S. Technology Policy” (with J. Link), in

Elgar Handbook on the Economic Complexity of Technological Change, edited by C. Antonelli,

Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011: 533-544.

“Universities as Research Partners: Entrepreneurial Explorations and Exploitations” (with C. Wessner),

in Handbook of Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, edited by D. Audretsch, Edward Elgar

Publishing, 2011: 290-299.

“Economic Implications of Raising the Threshold Funding Limits on SBIR Awards” (with P. Bearse),

Science and Public Policy, 2010, 37: 731-735.

“Government as Entrepreneur: Evaluating the Commercialization Success of SBIR Projects” (with J.

Scott), Research Policy, 2010, 39: 589-601.

“Public Knowledge, Private Knowledge: The Intellectual Capital of Entrepreneurs” (with C. Ruhm),

Small Business Economics, 2011, 36: 1-14. Also published as NBER Working Paper 14797, March

2009.

“Research, Science, and Technology Parks: An Overview of the Academic Literature,” in

Understanding Research, Science and Technology Parks: Global Best Practice, edited by C. Wessner,

National Academies Press, 2009.

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“Evaluating the Social Returns to Innovation: An Application to University Technology Transfer” (with

D. Siegel), in Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Growth, edited by

Matt Mars, JAI Press, 2009.

“Evaluating Public-Sector Intramural Research Programs: The Case of the U.S. Advanced Technology

Program’s Intramural Research Initiative” (with J. Scott), International Journal of Public Policy, 2009,

4: 532-548.

“Private Investor Participation and Commercialization Rates for Government-Sponsored Research and

Development: Would a Prediction Market Improve the Performance of the SBIR Program?” (with J.

Scott), Economica, April 2009, 76: 264-281.

“Bringing Science to Market: Commercializing from NIH SBIR Awards” (with C. Ruhm), Economics

of Innovation and New Technology, 2009, 18: 381-402. Also published as NBER Working Paper

14057, June 2008.

“Barriers to the Diffusion of Nanotechnology” (with B. Bozeman and J. Hardin), Economics of

Innovation and New Technology, October 2008, 17: 751-763.

“A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of the Decision to Locate on a University Research Park”

(with D. Leyden and D. Siegel), IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, February 2008,

55: 23-28.

“A Time Allocation Study of University Faculty” (with C. Swann and B. Bozeman), Economics of

Education Review, 2008, 27: 363-374.

“The Economics of University Research Parks” (with J. Scott), Oxford Review of Economic Policy,

Winter 2007, 23: 661-674.

“Entrepreneurship and Human Capital: Evidence of Patenting Activity from the Academic Sector”

(with S. Allen and D. Rosenbaum), Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, November 2007, 31: 937-

951.

“An Empirical Analysis of the Propensity of Academics to Engage in Informal University Technology

Transfer” (with D. Siegel and B. Bozeman), Industrial and Corporate Change, August 2007, 16: 641-

655.

“Public Policy and Entrepreneurship,” in The Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship Policy,

edited by D. Audretsch, I. Grilo, and A.R. Turik, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.

“Historical Perspectives on the Entrepreneur” (with R. Hébert), Foundations and Trends in

Entrepreneurship, 2006, 2: 261-408.

“The Entrepreneur as Innovator” (with R. Hébert), Journal of Technology Transfer, 2006, 31: 589-597.

“Intellectual Property Protection Mechanisms in Research Partnerships” (with H. Hertzfeld and N.

Vonortas), Research Policy, 2006, 35: 825-838.

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“U.S. University Research Parks” (with J. Scott), Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2006, 25: 43-55.

“An Economic Evaluation of the Baldrige National Quality Program” (with J. Scott), Economics of

Innovation and New Technology, 2006, 15: 83-100.

“Opening the Ivory Tower Door: An Analysis of the Determinants of the Formation of U.S. University

Spin-Off Companies” (with J. Scott), Research Policy, 2005, 34: 1106-1112.

“Research Joint Ventures in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis,” in Essays in Honor of Edwin

Mansfield: The Economics of R&D, Innovation, and Technical Change, edited by A.N. Link and

F.M. Scherer, Boston: Springer, 2005.

“Generating Science-Based Growth: An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Organizational

Incentives on University-Industry Technology Transfer” (with D. Siegel), European Journal of

Finance, 2005, 11: 169-181.

“Universities as Research Partners in U.S. Research Joint Ventures” (with J. Scott), Research Policy,

2005, 34: 385-393.

“An Econometric Analysis of Trends in Research Joint Venture Activity” (with D. Paton and D.

Siegel), Managerial and Decision Economics, 2005, 26: 149-158.

“Evaluating Public Sector R&D Programs: The Advanced Technology Program’s Investment in

Wavelength References for Optical Fiber Communications” (with J. Scott), Journal of Technology

Transfer, 2005, 30: 241-251.

“Toward a Model of the Effective Transfer of Scientific Knowledge from Academicians to

Practitioners: Qualitative Evidence from the Commercialization of University Technologies” (with

D. Siegel, D. Waldman, and L. Atwater), Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,

2004, 21: 115-142.

“Transmission of Risk-Averse Behavior in Small-Sized Firms” (with D. Leyden), Small Business

Economics, 2004, 23: 255-259.

“University-Related Research Parks,” ISSUES in Science and Technology, 2003, pp. 79-81.

“U. S. Science Parks: The Diffusion of an Innovation and Its Effects on the Academic Missions of

Universities” (with J. Scott), International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2003, 21: 1323-1356.

“Deploying Homeland Security Technology” (with V. Henrich), Journal of Technology Transfer, 2003,

28: 363-368.

“Innovation Policy in Search of an Economic Foundation: The Case of Research Partnerships in the

United States” (with K. Combs), Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 2003, 15: 177-187.

“Commercial Knowledge Transfers from Universities to Firms: Improving the Effectiveness of

University-Industry Collaboration” (with D. Siegel, D. Waldman, and L. Atwater), Journal of High

Technology Management Research, 2003, 14: 111-133.

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“Universities as Research Partners” (with B. Hall and J. Scott), Review of Economics and Statistics,

2003, 85: 485-491. Also published as NBER Working Paper No. 7643, April 2000.

“The Growth of Research Triangle Park” (with J. Scott), Small Business Economics, 2003, 20: 167-175.

“On the Growth of Science Parks” (with K. Link), Journal of Technology Transfer, 2003, 28: 81-85.

“Assessing the Impact of Organizational Practices on the Relative Productivity of University

Technology Transfer Offices: An Exploratory Study” (with D. Siegel and D. Waldman), Research

Policy, 2003, 32: 27-48.

“An Analysis of Policy Initiatives to Promote Strategic Research Partnerships” (with D. Paton and D.

Siegel), Research Policy, 2002, 31: 1459-1466.

“Unions and Technology Adoption: A Qualitative Analysis of the Use of Real-Time Control Systems

in U.S. Coal Firms” (with D. Siegel), Journal of Labor Research, 2002, 23: 615-630.

“Explaining Observed Licensing Agreements: Toward a Broader Understanding of Technology Flows”

(with J. Scott), Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2002, 11: 211-231.

“The Economics of Science and Technology” (with D. Audretsch, B. Bozeman, K. Combs, M.

Feldman, D. Siegel, P. Stephan, G. Tassey, and C. Wessner), Journal of Technology Transfer, 2002, 27:

155-203.

“Public/Private Technology Partnerships: Evaluating SBIR-Supported Research” (with D. Audretsch

and J. Scott), Research Policy, 2002, 31: 145-158.

“Enhanced R&D Efficiency in an ATP-funded Joint Venture,” in The Advanced Technology Program:

Assessing Outcomes, edited by C. Wessner, Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2001, pp. 223-

238.

“Trends in Cooperative Research Activity: Has the National Cooperative Research Act Been

Successful?” (with A. Brod), in Innovation Policy in the Knowledge-Based Economy, edited by M.

Feldman and A. Link, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, pp. 105-120.

“Public/Private Partnerships: Stimulating Competition in a Dynamic Market” (with J. Scott),

International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2001, 19: 763-794.

“Barriers Inhibiting Industry from Partnering with Universities: Evidence from the Advanced

Technology Program” (with B. Hall and J. Scott), Journal of Technology Transfer, 2001, 26: 87-98.

“An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Fast Track Program in Southeastern

States,” in The Small Business Innovation Research Program: An Assessment of Fast Track, edited by

C. Wessner, Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2000, 184-210.

“Estimates of the Social Returns to SBIR-Sponsored Projects” (with J. Scott), in The Small Business

Innovation Research Program: An Assessment of Fast Track, edited by C. Wessner, Washington, DC:

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National Academies Press, 2000, 275-290.

“A Statistical Analysis of the National Academy of Sciences’ Survey of Small Business Innovation

Research Awardees” (with D. Audretsch and J. Scott), in The Small Business Innovation Research

Program: An Assessment of Fast Track, edited by C. Wessner, Washington, DC: National Academies

Press, 2000, 291-306.

“Research Partnerships” (with J. Hagedoorn and N. Vonortas), Research Policy, 2000, 29: 567-586.

“Participation of European Union Companies in U.S. Research Joint Ventures” (with N. Vonortas),

IPTS Report, 2000, 43: 1-7.

“Women in Science: An Exploratory Analysis of Trends in the United States” (with J. Link), Science

and Public Policy, 1999, 26: 437-442.

“Public/Private Partnerships in the United States,” Industry and Innovation, 1999, 6: 191-217.

“A Suggested Method for Assessing the Economic Impacts of University R&D: Including Identifying

Roles for Technology Transfer Officers,” AUTM Journal, 1999, 29: 67-92. Reprinted in Industry &

Higher Education, 14: 24-32

“Assessing the Impact of Organizational Practices on the Productivity of University Technology

Transfer Offices: An Exploratory Study” (with D. Siegel and D. Waldman), NBER Working Paper No.

7256, 1999.

“Federal Laboratories as Research Partners” (with D. Leyden), International Journal of Industrial

Organization, 1999, 17: 557-574.

“Evaluating Technology-Based Public Institutions: The Case of Radiopharmaceutical Standards

Research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology” (with B. Coursey), Research

Evaluation, December 1998, 7: 147-158.

“Case Study of R&D Efficiency in ATP Joint Ventures,” Journal of Technology Transfer, 1998, 23: 43-

51.

“Universities as Research Joint Venture Partners: Does Size of Venture Matter?” (with W. Baldwin),

International Journal of Technology Management, 1998, 15: 895-913.

“Assessing the Infrastructural Needs of a Technology-Based Service Sector: A New Approach to

Technology Policy Planning” (with J. Scott), STI Review, 1998, 22: 171-204.

“The U.S. Display Consortium: An Analysis of a Public/Private Partnership,” Industry and Innovation,

1998, 5: 35-50.

“Evaluating Technology-Based Public Institutions: Lessons from the National Institute of Standards and

Technology” (with J. Scott), in Policy Evaluation in Innovation and Technology, edited by G.

Papaconstantinou, Paris: OECD, 1998, pp. 255-264.

“Quantifying the Private Returns to Collaborative Research: The Case of SEMATECH” (with W.

15

Finan), International Journal of Technology Management, 1997, 13: 695-705.

“Measuring the Unmeasurable: Cost-Benefit Analysis for New Business Start-Ups and Scientific

Research Transfers (with M. Papadakis), Evaluation and Program Planning, 1997, 20: 91-102.

“Fiscal Measures to Promote R&D and Innovation–Trends and Issues,” in Fiscal Measures to Promote

R&D and Innovation, OECD Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry Report, 1996, pp. 22-

33.

“Estimating the Benefits from Collaboration: The Case of SEMATECH” (with D. Teece and W. Finan),

Review of Industrial Organization, 1996, 11: 737-751.

“Research Joint Ventures: Patterns from Federal Register Filings,” Review of Industrial Organization,

1996, 11: 617-628.

“Economic Performance Measures for Evaluating Government-Sponsored Research,” Scientometrics,

1996, 36: 325-342.

“On the Classification of R&D,” Research Policy, 1996, 25: 397-401.

“The Use of Literature-based Innovation Output Indicators for Research Evaluation,” Small Business

Economics, 1995, 7: 451-455.

“Evaluating Program Performance: The Case of Federally-funded Collaborative Research,”

International Journal of Technology Management, 1995, 10: 847-852.

“Cooperation Drives Success in a Competitive World,” FORUM for Applied Research and Public

Policy, 1995, pp. 140-141.

“A Note on the Diffusion of FMS Technology” (with P. Kapur), Economics Letters, 1994, 46: 369-374.

“How Flexible Manufacturing Systems Affect Tooling and Machining Enterprises” (with P. Quick),

Technovation, 1994, 14: 85-92.

“Evaluating the Advanced Technology Program: A Preliminary Assessment of Economic Impacts,”

International Journal of Technology Management, 1993, 8: 726-739.

“The Technology Infrastructure of Firms: Investments in Infratechnology” (with G. Tassey), IEEE

Transactions on Engineering Management, 1993, 40: 312-315.

“Tax Policies Affecting R&D: An International Comparison” (with D. Leyden), Technovation, 1993,

13: 17-25.

“Methods for Evaluating the Return on R&D Investments,” in Evaluating R&D Impacts: Methods and

Practice, edited by B. Bozeman and J. Melkers, Norwell, Mass.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993,

pp. 1-16.

“Entrepreneurship and External Sources of Technology,” in Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship,

16

Innovation, and Economic Growth, edited by G.D. Libecap, Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, 1993, pp.

177-188.

“Privatization, Bureaucracy, and Risk Aversion” (with D. Leyden), Public Choice, 1993, 76: 199-213.

“Governmental R&D and Industrial Innovative Activity” (with D. Leyden), Applied Economics, 1991,

23: 1673-1681.

“Innovative Behavior in Small-Sized Firms” (with B. Bozeman), Small Business Economics, 1991, 3:

179-184.

“Investment Strategies for Quality Assurance” in Productivity and Quality Management Frontiers,

edited by D.J. Sumanth, Norcross: Industrial Engineering and Management Press, 1991, pp. 672-677.

“Investments in Product Quality: A Descriptive Study of the U.S. Optical Fiber Industry” (with P. Quick

and G. Tassey), Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, 1991, 19: 471-474.

“Perspectives on Cooperative Research: Learning from U.S. Experiences,” International Journal of

Technology Management, 1990, 5: 731-738.

“Firm Size, University-Based Research, and the Returns to R&D” (with J. Rees), Small Business

Economics, April 1990, 2: 25-31. Reprinted in Innovation and Technological Change, edited by D.

Audretsch. London: Harvester-Wheatsheaf, 1991, pp. 60-70

“Strategies for Cooperation in R&D,” in Management of Technology, edited by T.M. Khalil and B.A.

Bayraktar, Norcross: Industrial Engineering and Management Press, 1990, pp. 335-343.

“The Effects of Governmental Financing on Firms’ R&D Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical

Investigation” (with D. Leyden and B. Bozeman), Technovation, 1989, 9: 561-575.

“R&D Policy and Trade Advantage” (with L.F. Ruiz-Mier), in The Internationalization of U.S. Markets,

edited by D. Audretsch and M. Claudon, New York: New York University Press, 1989, pp. 25-48.

“Federal Funding and R&D Output in U.S. Industrial Laboratories” (with B. Bozeman and M. Crow),

IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1989, 36: 154-157.

“In Search of the Meaning of Entrepreneurship” (with R. Hébert), Small Business Economics, 1989, 1:

39-49.

“Mergers and Acquisitions as a Source of Innovation,” Mergers & Acquisitions, 1988, 23: 36-39.

“The Effect of Federal R&D on Industrial Innovative Output” (with B. Bozeman), in Cybernetics and

Systems, edited by R. Trappl, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988, pp.

1065-1070.

“Firm Size and R&D Spending: Testing for Functional Form” (with T.G. Seaks and S. Woodbery),

Southern Economic Journal, 1988, 54: 1027-1032.

17

“Standards and the Diffusion of Advanced Technologies” (with G. Tassey), Evaluation and Program

Planning, 1988, 11: 97-102.

“Payoffs from Basic Research: Dead Ends, Detours and Redirections,” in An Agenda for Science Policy

Research, National Science Foundation mimeograph, 1987.

“Cooperative Research in U.S. Manufacturing” (with L. Bauer), in Innovation: Adoption and Growth,

edited by R. Rothwell and J. Bessant, Amsterdam: North Holland, 1987, pp. 147-154.

“An Economic Analysis of Cooperative Research” (with L. Bauer), Technovation, 1987, 7: 263-266.

“External Sources of Technical Knowledge” (with R. Zmud), Economics Letters, 1987, 23: 295-299.

“Adam Smith on the Division of Labor and Relative Factor Prices” (with R. Hébert), History of

Economics Society’s Bulletin, 1987, 9: 80-83.

“Labor Union Effects on Innovative Activity” (with B. Hirsch), Journal of Labor Research, 1987, 8:

323-332.

“The Impact of Standards on Technology-Based Industries: The Case of Numerically-Controlled

Machine Tools in Automated Batch Manufacturing” (with G. Tassey), in Product Standardization and

Competitive Strategy, edited by L. Gabel, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1987, 217-238.

“An Economic Analysis of R&D Joint Ventures” (with B. Bozeman and A. Zardkoohi), Managerial

and Decision Economics, 1986, 7: 263-266.

“Innovation versus Imitation: Investigating Alternative R&D Strategies” (with J. Neufeld), Applied

Economics, 1986, 18: 1359-1363.

“Organizational Structure and R&D Efficiency” (with B. Zmud), R&D Management, 1986, 16: 317-

323.

“Additional Evidence on the R&D/Marketing Interface” (with R. Zmud), IEEE Transactions on

Engineering Management, 1986, EM-33: 43-44.

“The Changing Composition of R&D,” Managerial and Decision Economics, 1985, 6: 125-128.

“Public Support for Private R&D: The Case of the Research Tax Credit” (with B. Bozeman), Journal of

Policy Analysis and Management, 1985, 4: 370-382.

“Concentration and the Returns to R&D” (with J. Lunn), Review of Industrial Organization, 1984, 232-

239.

“Declining Productivity Revisited: Secular Trends or Cyclical Losses?” (with S. Allen), Economics

Letters, 1984, 15: 289-293.

“Tax Incentives for R&D: A Critical Evaluation” (with B. Bozeman), Research Policy, 1984, 13: 21-31.

18

“Firm versus Industry Variability on R&D Intensity: Comments,” in R&D, Patents and Productivity,

edited by Z. Griliches, Chicago: University of Chicago Press for the National Bureau of Economic

Research, 1984, pp. 245-248.

“R&D Patterns in the Video Display Terminal Industry” (with B. Zmud), Journal of Product Innovation

Management, 1984, 1: 106-115.

“Unions, Productivity and Productivity Growth” (with B. Hirsch), Journal of Labor Research, 1984, 5:

29-37.

“Market Structure and Voluntary Product Standards,” Applied Economics, 1983, 15: 393-401.

“Alternative Sources of Technology: An Analysis of Induced Innovations,” Managerial and Decision

Economics, 1983, 4: 40-43.

“Inter-Firm Technology Flows and Productivity Growth,” Economics Letters, 1983, 11: 179-184.

“The Induce versus Purchase Decision: An Empirical Analysis of Industrial R&D” (with G. Tassey and

B. Zmud), Decision Sciences, January 1983, 14: 46-61.

“The Impact of Market Structure on Wages, Fringe Benefits, and Turnover” (with J. Long), Industrial

and Labor Relations Review, 1983, 36: 239-250.

“The Impact of Federal Research and Development Spending on Productivity,” IEEE Transactions on

Engineering Management, 1982, EM-29, 166-169.

“A Disaggregated Analysis of Industrial R&D: Product versus Process Innovation,” in The Transfer and

Utilization of Technical Knowledge, edited by D. Sahal, Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1982, pp. 45-62.

“Productivity Growth, Environmental Regulations and the Composition of R&D,” The Bell Journal of

Economics, 1982, 13: 548-554.

“An Analysis of the Composition of R&D Spending,” Southern Economic Journal, 1982, 49: 342-351.

“Worker Response to a Menu of Implicit Contracts” (with D. Bellante), Industrial and Labor Relations

Review, 1982, 35: 590-599.

“Basic Research and Productivity Increase in Manufacturing: Additional Evidence,” American

Economic Review, 1981, 71: 1111-1112.

“Federal Support of Technological Growth in Industry: Some Evidence of Crowding-Out” (with R.S.

Higgins), IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 1981, EM-28: 86-88.

“The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research: A Test of Nelson's Diversification Hypothesis”

(with J. Long), Journal of Industrial Economics, 1981, 30: 105-109.

“Effluent Fees, An Alternative System for Achieving Water Quality: A Case Study” (with F.A. Scott),

Water Resources Bulletin, 1981, 17: 498-500.

19

“Are Public Sector Workers More Risk Averse than Private Sector Workers? Some Empirical

Evidence” (with D. Bellante), Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 1981, 34: 408-412.

“Some Estimates of the Determinants of Household Safety” (with R.S. Higgins), Journal of Behavioral

Economics, 1980, 37-53.

“Firm Size and Efficient Entrepreneurial Activity: A Reformulation of the Schumpeter Hypothesis,”

Journal of Political Economy, 1980, 88: 771-782.

“Political Competition for Government Funds: Research and Development Obligations” (with S.O.

Morrell), Public Finance Quarterly, 1980, 8: 57-68.

“Some Evidence Concerning the Impact of Consumer Protection Legislation on the Rate of Voluntary

Personal Bankruptcy” (with R. Higgins), Journal of Consumer Credit Management, 1979, 38-46.

“Rates of Induced Technology from Investments in Research and Development,” Southern Economic

Journal, 1978, 45: 370-379.

“Optimal Firm Size of R&D Innovations in Electric Utilities,” Journal of Economics and Business,

1978, 31: 52-56.

“On the Efficiency of Federal R&D Spending: A Public Choice Approach,” Public Choice, 1977, 31:

129-133.

“A Comment on the Efficient Allocation of Resources in a Regulated and Unionized Monopoly,”

Southern Economic Journal, 1977, 44: 383-384.

Monographs:

The Theory and Practice of Public-Sector R&D Economic Impact Analysis (with J. Scott), prepared for

the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, January 2012.

Distributed by the U.S. Government Printing Office.

Measurement and Analysis of Productivity Growth: A Synthesis of Thought, prepared for the U.S.

Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, September 1983. Distributed by the U.S.

Government Printing Office.

Recent Invited Academic Presentations (Selected List):

“On the Economic Performance of Nascent Entrepreneurs,” National Academy of Sciences,

Washington, DC, June 2015.

“Promoting R&D on the International Space Station,” NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, March,

2015.

20

“Ideation, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation,” Keynote Address, Conference on Entrepreneurship,

Innovation, and Enterprise Dynamics, OECD Working Party on Industry Analysis, OECD, Paris,

December, 2014.

“Universities as Research Partners in Publicly Supported Entrepreneurial Firm,” Basque Institute of

Competitiveness, San Sebastian, Spain, September 2011.

“Public Science and Public Innovation: Assessing the Relationship between Patenting at U.S. National

Laboratories and the Bayh-Dole Act,” National Academies, September 2010.

“Retrospective Benefit-Cost Evaluation of U.S. DOE Vehicle Combustion Engine R&D Investments,”

U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, April 2010.

“Comments on Estimating the Social Returns to R&D,” National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA,

November 2009.

“Science Parks: The Evaluation Challenge,” National Academies, Washington, DC, March 2008.

“Public Sector Entrepreneurship,” United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe conference,

Geneva, Switzerland, February 2008.

“The Growth and Evaluation of U.S. Research/Science Parks,” National Science Foundation workshop

on Research Metrics on U.S. Science Parks, Arlington, VA, December 2007.

“Business Alliances and Science Parks,” National Science Foundation workshop on Advancing

Measures of Innovation, Arlington, VA, June 2006.

“Analysis of the SBIR Survey Data Set,” SBIR Steering Committee meeting, National Academies,

Washington, DC, October 2005.

“What We Know and Don’t Know about U.S. University Research Parks,” National Science

Foundation, Arlington, VA, October 2004.

“On the Growth of U.S. University Research Parks,” American Association for the Advancement of

Science Annual Meetings, Seattle, WA, February 2004.

“Private-Sector and Public-Sector Strategies to Encourage Technological Alliances,” University of

Ottawa and Statistics Canada, March 2002.

“The Growth of Research Triangle Park,” University of Nottingham, UK, September 2000.

“Universities as Research Partners,” American Economic Association Meetings, Boston, January 2000.

“Issues Related to the Assessment of the Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research

(SBIR) Program,” National Academy of Sciences Conference on the Evaluation of SBIR and Fast

Track, Washington, DC, May 1999.

“Evaluating Public Sector R&D: A Retrospective Examination of U.S. Experiences,” Keynote Address

21

to the APEC Symposium on Evaluation of S&T Programmes among Member Economies, Wellington,

New Zealand, December 1998.

“Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Public Sector Research,” National Academy of Sciences

Conference on Methods to Evaluated Research Outcomes, Washington, DC, June 1998.

“Lessons from the National Institute of Standards and Technology on Evaluation of Technology-Based

Public Institutions,” OECD, Paris, June 1997.

“Assessing the Infrastructural Needs of a Technology-Based Service Sector: A New Approach to

Technology Planning, OECD, Vienna, May 1997.

“New Data on Research Joint Ventures,” American Association for the Advancement of Science

Annual Conference, Baltimore, February 1996.

“Fiscal Measures to Promote R&D and Innovation: Trends and Issues,” OECD, Paris, January 1995.

Recent Technical Reports (Selected List):

“Promoting R&D on the International Space Station,” prepared for NASA, October 2015.

“Economic Analysis of Opportunities to Accelerate Alzheimer’s R&D,” prepared for the New York

Academy of Sciences, November 2014.

“Benefit-Cost Evaluation of U.S. DOE Investment in Energy Storage Technologies for Hybrid and

Electric Cars and Trucks,” prepared for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the

U.S. Department of Energy, December 2013.

“Pilot Socioeconomic Impact Analysis of CFI and CIHR Funding: Medical Imaging R&D,” prepared

for the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, October

2012.

“Economic Evaluation of the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program,” prepared for the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, Planning Report 11-2, December 2011.

“Retrospective Benefit-Cost Evaluation of U.S. DOE Vehicle Combustion Engine R&D Investments,”

prepared for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy,

April 2010.

“Economic Analysis of Cyber Security and Private-Sector Investment Decisions,” prepared for the

Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 2006.

“Measuring Service-Sector Research and Development,” prepared for the National Science Foundation

and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, March 2005.

“The Role of Public Research Institutions in a National Innovation System: An Economic

Perspective,” prepared for The World Bank, August 2004.

22

“Economic Valuation of the Baldrige National Quality Program,” prepared for the National Institute of

Standards and Technology and the Baldrige National Quality Program Office, October 2001.

“Strategic Research Partnerships: Proceedings from an NSF Workshop,” prepared for the National

Science Foundation and published as edited report NSF 01-336, October 2001.

“Development of an Industrial Database on Licensing Patterns,” prepared for the National Science

Foundation, July 1999.

“Participation of European Corporations in U.S.-based Research Joint Ventures,” prepared for the

European Commission, June 1999.

“Overcoming Market Failure: A Case Study of the ATP Focused Program on Technologies for the

Integration of Manufacturing Applications (TIMA),” prepared for the National Institute of Standards

and Technology, Advanced Technology Program, October 1998.

“Public/Private Partnerships as a Tool to Support Industrial R&D: Experiences in the United States,”

prepared for the OECD, Committee for Scientific and Technology Policy, January 1998.

RESEARCH GRANTS (PI or co-PI on all projects)

“Economic Impacts of University Research Parks.” Economic Development Administration, U.S.

Department of Commerce, 2016-2017 (being processed). ($51,000).

“Technology-based Nascent Entrepreneurship,” Kauffman Foundation, 2014-2015. ($14,500).

“Public/Private Partnership Models,” New York Academy of Sciences, 2013-2014. ($14,000).

“Leveraging Entrepreneurship through Alternative Investments: Differences by Gender” (with D.

Gicheva), Kauffman Foundation, 2012. ($10,000).

“Alternative Methods and Models for Transferring University-based Knowledge,” New York Academy

of Sciences, 2011-2013. ($23,000).

“University Research Parks and the Innovative Performance of Park Firms,” National Science

Foundation, Science of Science and Innovation Policy Division, 2008-2010. ($190,910).

“The Employment Benefits from Small Business Innovation Research: Is the U.S. Making the Most of

the Opportunity?” (with J. Scott), W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2008-2009.

($36,802)

“Research and Technology Partnerships: Quantifying Strategic Relationships” (with N. Vonortas),

National Science Foundation, Science of Science and Innovation Policy Division, through The George

Washington University, 2007-2010. ($354,514)

“Workshop: Research and Metrics on U.S. Science Parks,” National Science Foundation, Division of

23

Science Resources Statistics through SRI International, 2007 ($77,873)

“U.S. Research Joint Ventures and the CORE Database,” National Science Foundation, Division of

Science Resources Studies, 2004-2007. ($44,110)

“Analysis of the CORE Database,” National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources

Studies, 2001-2003. ($63,881)

“Science Park Indicator Workshop,” National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources

Studies, 2002. Workshop convened at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, November 14,

2002. ($35,604)

“Evaluation of ATP’s Intramural Funding Program, 1990-1999” (with J. Scott), U.S. Department of

Commerce, Advanced Technology Program, 2000-2002, through NBER ($363,480)

“Workshop on Strategic Research Partnerships” (with N. Vonortas), National Science Foundation,

Division of Science Resources Studies, through SRI International, 1999-2000. ($78,900)

“Collaborative Research: Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Protection Mechanisms for

Research Partnerships,” National Science Foundation, Division of Social and Economic Sciences, 1999-

2001. ($68,224)

“An Exploratory Study of Science Parks” (with J. Scott), National Science Foundation, Division of

Science Resources Studies, 1999-2002. ($87,784)

“Participation of European Corporations in U.S.-based Research Joint Ventures” (with N. Vonortas),

European Commission, through The George Washington University. ($15,000)

“Analysis of the CORE Database,” National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources

Studies, 1998-2000. ($26,100)

“The Economic History of Research Triangle Park: 1965 to Present,” Research Triangle Foundation,

1997-1999. ($79,133)

“Universities as Partners in Research Joint Ventures” (with B. Hall and J. Scott), U.S. Department of

Commerce, Advanced Technology Program, 1997-1998, through NBER. ($115,040)

“Development of an Industrial Database on Licensing Patterns,” National Science Foundation, Science

and Engineering Indicators Program, 1996-1998. ($49,963)

“Additional Evidence on the Classification of R&D,” National Science Foundation, Science and

Engineering Indicators Program, 1994-1996. ($21,425)

“The Formation and Analysis of a Longitudinal Data Base on Cooperative Research Arrangements,”

National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators Program, 1993-1996. ($78,773)

“The Classification of R&D,” National Science Foundation, Research on Science and Technology

Program, 1992-1994. ($53,336)

24

“The Early History of Research Triangle Park,” Research Triangle Foundation, 1991-1994. ($41,809)

“Investments in Infratechnology as an Indicator of Technological Advancement: An Exploratory

Study,” National Science Foundation, Economic Analysis Studies Group, 1990-1991. ($17,735)

“Federal R&D and Industrial Innovative Activity,” National Science Foundation, Economic Analysis

Studies Group, 1989-1990. ($49,194)

“An Economic Analysis of Cooperative R&D Programs,” National Science Foundation, Division of

Policy Research and Analysis, 1985-1987. ($53,938)

“An Analysis of Changes in the Composition of R&D Spending,” National Science Foundation,

Division of Policy Research and Analysis, 1982-1983. ($17,303)

“A Study of the Allocation of R&D by Character of Use within U.S. Manufacturing Firms,” National

Science Foundation, Division of Policy Research and Analysis, 1980-1981. ($44,373)

“Effluent Fees, An Alternative System for Achieving Water Quality Standards in Alabama: Pilot Study”

(with F.A. Scott), U.S. Department of Interior, Water Resources Research Institute, 1979-1980.

($30,928)

“The Effect of Water Pollution Control Regulations on Input Substitution Elasticities in Electric Power

Production” (with T.A. Deyak), U.S. Department of Interior, Water Resources Research Institute, 1977-

1978. ($39,884)

OTHER GRANTS

GTE Foundation Lectureship Program Award, 1987-88

OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

Board of Editors Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2012-present

Small Business Economics, 1989-2015

British Journal of Management, 1989-2006

Technovation, 1988-2000

Review of Industrial Organization, 1983-1988

Advisory Roles Canada Foundation for Innovation

(term limited) Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Congressional Office of Technology Assessment

Ministry of Research, Science and Technology, New Zealand

National Academies

National Research Council

National Science Foundation

25

OECD, France

SRI International Statistics Canada

The World Bank

U.S. Department of Commerce

NASA

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Advanced Technology Program National

Quality Award Office Program Office

U.S. Department of Justice

U.S. Small Business Administration

Reviewer for National Science Foundation; National Academy of Sciences; Department

of Energy; National Research Council, Congressional Office of

Technology Assessment; Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Council of Canada; Ministry of Research, Science and Technology of New

Zealand.

Reviewer for Economics:

American Economic Review, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Economic

Journal, Review of Economics and Statistics, Economica, Journal of In-

dustrial Economics, Canadian Journal of Economics, Review of Industrial

Economics, International Journal of Industrial Organization,

International Economic Review, Review of Industrial Organization,

Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Southern Economic Journal,

Journal of Economics and Business, Managerial and Decision Economics,

Applied Economics, Small Business Economics, Social Science Quarterly,

Contemporary Economic Policy, Journal of Productivity Analysis,

Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Economica, Economics of

Education Review, Industry and Innovation, Economica, Economic

Development Quarterly, European Economic Review, Journal of

Evolutionary Economics

Management:

Management Science, Decision Sciences, Technovation, International

Journal of Technology Management, Technological Forecasting and

Social Change, British Journal of Management, Omega: The International

Journal of Management Science, Journal of Management Studies,

Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, IEEE Transactions on

Engineering Management, Industrial and Corporate Change, Strategic

Entrepreneurship Journal, Journal of Business Venturing, Strategic

Organization

Public Policy and Policy Analysis:

Research Policy, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Journal of Policy

Analysis and Management, Social Studies of Science, ISSUES in Science

and Technology, Evaluation Review, Science and Public Policy, Research

Evaluation, Government and Policy