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Vital signs are measures of various physiological statistics, often taken by health professionals, in order to
assess the most basic body functions. Vital signs are an essential part of a case presentation. The act of taking vital signs normally entails recording Body temperature, Pulse rate (or heart rate), Blood pressure,
and Respiratory ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Vital_signs
VITAL SIGNS
HOMEOSTASISHomeostasis refers to stable operating conditions in the internal environment (in the blood and interstitial fluid). This is how the human body maintains a rather constant internal environment despite changing external conditions. It is brought about by coordinated activities of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
VITAL SIGNS MEASUREMENTS ARE THE CLUE AS TO THE BODY’S CONDITION OF HOMEOSTASIS
Temperaturelowest in morninghighest in eveningoral 96.8-99.8 Frectal higher (0.5 to1.0 F)DiaphoreticFebrile, pyrexia or hyperthermia
MORE VITAL SIGNSPulse--- normal 60-100 Weak or “thready” pulse
Heart not pumping enough blood Tachycardia - Greater than
100 BPMNervousnessAnxietyExcitabilityDamaged heardInterference with oxygen
supply (respiration)Blood lossShock
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital signs. For each heartbeat, BP varies
between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure. The mean BP decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries, has its greatest decrease as the blood moves through the small arteries and arterioles, and continues to decrease as the blood
moves through the capillaries and back to the heart through veins.[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressure
BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood PressureNormal range systolic –first number1.Measure of the pumping action of the heart2.120 mm HG or belowDiastolic 1.Ability of the arterial system to accept the pulse of
blood forced into the system when the left ventricle contracts
2.60-75 mm HGHypertension1.Aging, poor diet, high cholesterol, 2.Pain, reaction to anxiety, kidney disease3.Can lead to CVA (stroke) or congestive heart failureHypotension from shock
Taking a blood pressure
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6saTO8_o2g
SHOCK“Failure of circulation in which blood
pressure is inadequate to support oxygen perfusion of vital tissues and is unable to remove by-products of metabolism.”
Erhlich Patient Care in Radiography
DangerousPotentially fatalSigns
PallorPulse? Increase or decrease?Respirations increasedBlood pressure- increase or decrease?
HOW DO I RECOGNIZE SHOCK?
CAUSES?INJURIESDRUG REACTIONSDIABETESILLNESSES
Bacterial infectionsBlood loss
Syncope
Very mild form of shockCaused by•Fright•Pain•Unpleasant events•NPO•Vertigo????
Psychologic shockMental traumaSudden changes in mood and behavior long after the traumatic event
WHAT DO I DO?-SHOCK/VERTIGOFamiliarize yourself with the location of
equipmentAssist the patient to lie down. Elevate the
feetCall for help!911If you are only assistant, take blood
pressure/pulseBe ready to take CPRDocument