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V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of...

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PARENTERALS UNIT V V.MANIMARAN LECTURER DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
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Page 1: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

PARENTERALS

UNIT V

V.MANIMARANLECTURERDEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICSSRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Page 2: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

INTRODUCTION

The administration of drugs through the patient by injection under 

through one or more layer of the skin or mucous membrane. 

The term parenteral derives from the greek word

1. Para (outside )

2. Enteron (Intestine)

It denotes that route of administration other than oral route.

Page 3: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

ADVANTAGES

It provides rapid onset of action 

It provides immediate therapeutic action

It can be administered  accurate dose.

It can be given to patients who cannot take oral medication.

It minimize the first  pass effect.

It provides more bioavailability

Page 4: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

disadvantage

It should be administred  aseptically

It produces pain at the site of injection 

The administred of drug through wrong route may prove fatal effect

Self administration is not possible

If  pyrogenic preparations lead to very harmful effect.

Page 5: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

Routes of administration

Intra Muscular (IM)Intra dermal (ID)Intravenous (IV)Subcutaneous / Hypodermic (SC)Intra articularIntra synovialIntra spinalIntrathecalIntrarterialIntra cardiacIntra cisternalIntra peritonialIntraplueral

Page 6: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

TYPES OF PARENTERALS

Powder for injection ‐Eg. Cefuroxime for injection 

Colloidal solution ‐ Eg. Iron dextran

Injectable emulsion‐Eg. Propofol USP

Injectable suspension –Eg. Methylprednisolone acetate

Oily injection (solution)‐Eg. Dimercaprol injection. 

Infusion fluid 

Page 7: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

PREFORMULATION FACTORS:

It is study about physical & chemical properties of drug substance prior formulation is called as preformulation.

They are pH

Solubilty

pka 

Dissociation constant

Compatabilty studies‐ FTIR / DSC

Oxidation & reduction 

particle size

Page 8: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

FORMULATION OF PARENTERALS

1. Solutes 2.Added substance

Antimicrobial  agent BuffersAntioxidantsTonicity agent CryoprotectantSuspending agentEmulsifying agent

3.VehicleAqueous ‐WFINon‐ aqueous Eg. arachis oil 

Page 9: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

GENERAL PROCEDURE

Cleaning & washing of container ,closures

Preparation of solutions

Sterilizaation (Filteration)

Filling 

Packaging 

Page 10: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

Lyophilization techniques

It is a process of removal of solvent from the product or substances is called as lyophilization.

It consist of three steps

Freezing Primary drying Secondary drying 

Page 11: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

Creteria for parenterals

Sterility

Pyrogen

Isotonicity

Stability

Ph

Osmotic pressure

Page 12: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

Containers & closures

1.Glass 2.Plastic

Ampoules( single dose )Vials( multiple dose)CartridgesAutomatic injector

3.Rubber closure with aluminium caps

Small volume parenterals: less than 100ml

Large volume parenterals : more than 100ml

Page 13: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

Evaluation test for parenterals

Test  for pyrogen

Sterilty testing

Rabbit test

Clarity test

LAL test

Leaker test

Page 14: V.MANIMARAN LECTURER unit v v.manimaran. lecturer. department of pharmaceutics. srm college of pharmacy. introduction ... types of parenterals. 9. powder for injection ‐eg.

thank you


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