VOCAB Places GRAMMAR Present Perfect

8/10/2019 VOCAB Places GRAMMAR Present Perfect

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Present continuousfuture use

We can use the present continuous for the

future when we are talking about an

arrangement. This could be an

arrangement with somebody else.


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For example:

Im going to the cinema with Darren

tonight.

Or just with ourselves

Really? Im staying in and watching TV.


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The important thing is that something

happened before now.

Sometimes there is very little difference

between the present continuous(arrangement) and going to (intention from

before now).


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Present simplefuture use

We can use the present simple for the futurewhen we are talking about facts,

e.g. timetables and fixed times.


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The train leaves at six oclock.

Manchester United play Liverpool onSaturday.

The course ends next week.

The film starts at eight oclock.


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Of course, somebody arranged all thesethings, but it isnt necessary to say so.

They are not intentions either. They are

simple facts, so we use the present

simple.


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Look at the sentences below. For each

one, choose the better answer A or B

I asked you to give this to Mr. Hinton.

A. Its OK, Ill give it to him after lunch.

B. Its OK, Im going to give it to him afterlunch.

Would you like to go to the football match on

Saturday?A. Sorry, Im visiting my grandmother.

B. Sorry, I visit my grandmother.


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Whats the problem are we late?

A. Well, the film will start at seven oclock.

B. Well, the film starts at seven oclock.

This soups awful.

A. I know. So are you going to tell the

waiter?

B. I know. So are you telling the waiter?

Have you told your Father yet?A. No, I do it later.

B. No, Im going to do it later.


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Oh, I forgot to bring the car keys.

A. Its OK, Im going back and getting them.

B. Its OK, Ill go back and get them.Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon?

A. No, Im seeing the dentist.

B. No, Ill see the dentist.

Oh, Ive spilt my coffee.

A. Dont worry, Ill get you another one.

B. Dont worry, I get you another one.

Sir, Mr. Andrews wants to speak to you.A. Tell him Im calling him back in a minute.

B. Tell him Ill call him back in a minute.


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Places and Buildings

1. The side of a river.

A. shore

B. bank

2. An important church, usually quite large.A. temple

B. cathedral

3. The process of becoming weaker or poorer.A. decline

B. recline


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4. Business involving money.

A. economy

B. exchange

5. Something you sell in other countries.

A. extractB. export

6. Very interesting.

A. fasteningB. fascinating


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7. Popular clothes, car or music.

A. fashionable

B. common

8. A type of work, making things in factories.

A. fabric

B. industry

9. Someone who comes into a country to

take the land.

A. invader

B. income


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10. A small hill, sometimes man-made.

A. mound

B. mount11. A town beside the sea with a harbour.

A. dock

B. port

12. Political control.

A. reign

B. rule

13. To move into a place and live there.A. settle

B. sink


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15. To continue to exist.

A. survive

B. survey16. A simple castle.

A. tower

B. palace

17. Buying and selling things to make money.

A. trade

B. purchase

18. RichA. wealthy

B. valuable


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York

Many important events have happened in

Yorks long history.

In 71 AD, the Romans built a camp at the

place where the rivers Ouse and Fosse

meet.

They called this Eboracum. A town slowly

grew beside it and in time this became one

of the leading cities of the Roman Empire.


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In the seventh century the Saxons settled

within the walls of the Roman fort.

They also built a little wooden church.

There has been a church on this site ever

since.

The present one, which dates from thethirteenth century, is the great cathedral of

York Minster.


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In 867 York was captured by Danish

invaders and the town grew into an

important port and centre for trade. Danish

rule continued until 944, when KingEdmund defeated them.

In later years the city became part of the

Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England.


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In 1066 England was invaded by Normans

under William the Conqueror. When

William came to York he built two wooden

castles on earth mounds, one each side ofthe River Ouse.

The one on the east bank was destroyed in

1190. The stone building which standsthere today, Cliffords tower, was built as a

replacement in the thirteenth century.


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By the Middle Ages, York was one of the

main religious centres of England. Besides

the cathedral there were more than 40

churches, and some of these havesurvived up to the present day.

The city continued to be important as a port

and trading centre. Englands chief exportat the time was wool, and much of it left

the country from York.


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In 1533 King Henry VIII took England out of

the Roman Catholic Church. Because so

much of Yorks economy was in the hands

of the churches, the city suffered greatly.Its decline continued until the eighteenth

century, when it began to be a fashionable

place to live and visit.Many wealthy people from all over the north

of England built town houses in the city.


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In the nineteenth century York became animportant railway centre, and this hascontinued ever since.

Also, two families who sold chocolate fromshops, Rowntrees and Terrys, builtfactories. These have grown into Yorksleading industry.

Since, then some new industries havearrived, but York is still a city where visitorscan walk along ancient streets and

experience its long and fascinating history.


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Are the sentences below true or

false?

The town of Eboracum was built by the

Romans.

There has been a Saxon church in York since

the seventh century.

York has been ruled by Danes, Anglo-Saxons

and Normans.

Cliffords Tower was built by William the

Conqueror.

In the Middle Ages, York was a major port for

the ex ort of wool.


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King Henry VIII destroyed all the old

churches in York.

Yorks economy declined in the sixteenth

century.

Many rich people moved to York because

of the railways.

The only industry in York today are

railways and chocolate.


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Now look at the following pairsof sentences. All of them are

similar to the sentences in thetext. For each pair decide which

you think is correct.


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1.a. Many important events happened in Yorks

long history.

b. Many important events have happened inYorks long history.

2.a. In the seventh century the Saxons built a

wooden church in York.

b. In the seventh century the Saxons have built

a wooden church in York.

3.a. There was a church on this site since the

seventh century.b. There has been a church on this site since

the seventh century.


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4.a. Danish invaders captured York in 867.

b. Danish invaders have captured York in

867.

5.a. William the Conqueror built two

wooden castles beside the River Ouse.

b. William the Conqueror has built twowooden castles beside the River Ouse.

6.a. One of them stood until 1190.

b. One of them has stood until 1190.


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7.a. Some churches from the Middle Ages

survived until the present day.

b. Some churches from the Middle Ages havesurvived until the present day.

8.a. In the Middle Ages, Englands chief export

was wool.

b. In the Middle Ages, Englands chief export

has been wool.

9.a. New industries arrived since the nineteenth

century.b. New industries have arrived since the

nineteenth century.


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Past simple

We use the past simple for events in the

past where:

We say the time of the event.

We know the time of the event.

The time of the event is important.


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Present perfect

We use the present perfect for events in the

past:

When the event started in the past and is

still happening now.

When the time of the event isnt important.


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Although these events happened in

the past, or began in the past, theimportant time is now. Thats why

we call it the presentperfect

tense.

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VOCAB Places GRAMMAR Present Perfect

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