Chapter 9DNA: The Genetic Material

Read 192-198Demo model (student race) Lab Activity from Binder

DNA and RNA Crossword puzzle

Vocabulary ( )

• anticodon• codon • base sequence• genetic code• RNA polymerase• transcription

• translation• restriction enzyme • DNA replication • ribosomal RNA

Introduction

• Cells come from existing cells – the cell theory

• “Like produces like” – dogs produce pups not kittens

But how???????• Heredity- transmission of traits from one

generation to the next• Genetics- the science of heredity usually

dealing with the molecular basis

I. HISTORY• chromosomes were observed for many years

since 1850

• colored bodies- selectively absorbed stain• composition determined- protein and nucleic

acidHow did they fit together?• James Watson (American) and Francis Crick

(British)• Proposed model of DNA and chromosomes

“DOUBLE HELIX”• Won the Nobel Prize in 1953 in Physiology

II. DNA

A. Structure (handout from binder)

Nucleotide

Phosphate group + Sugar + Nitrogen base

Processes Involving DNA

1. Semi-conservative ReplicationSee Handout #1 (pg. 105 in NB)

DNA DNA

Enzyme involvement Unzipping- DNA helicases Uniting- DNA polymerase proofreading

2. Transcription (DNA code is converted to RNA code)

See Handout #2 (pg. 106)

DNA RNA

Contrasting DNA and RNA

DNA

• 2 strands• Deoxyribose• Remains in Nucleus• Bases

– ATCG (thymine)

A-T

G-C

RNA

• 1 strand• Ribose• Exits nucleus• Bases

– AUGC (uracil)

A-U

G-C

Chargraff’s Ratio: #C = #G

#A = #T

3 Types of RNA1. mRNA (messenger)- carries

instructions for making proteins from a gene and delivers to site of translation

RNA proteins(nucleotides) translation (amino acids)

RNA instructions – series of 3 nucleotide sequence on mRNA called a codon*each codon corresponds to an amino acid (start/stop codon)

2. tRNA (transfer)- carry specific amino acid on one end.

Compact shape

Carries anticodon (compliment to mRNA codon)

3. rRNA (ribosomal)- Structural material. Along with protein composes a ribosome.

How Proteins are made Ch. 10 (read 205-212)

4. Translation (protein synthesis)1. Begins when mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.2. tRNA brings the amino acid-when tRNA brings each new aa it bonds with the adjacent aa (peptide bond)

3. After amino acids have bonded, the tRNA leaves.- Continues until STOP codon- Protein synthesis is done- New protein is released

PROTEINS HAVE DEFINATE SHAPES. IF THE SHAPES CHANGE

THEY WON’T FUNCTION PROPERLY

• DNA code TGA ______________ _______________

• mRNA codon _____________ UCU _______________

• tRNA anticodon`_____________ ________________ _______________

• Amino acid ____________ ______________ tryptophan

• DNA code CAT ______________ _______________

• mRNA codon _____________ GUU _______________

• tRNA anticodon`_____________ ________________ _______________

• Amino acid ____________ ______________ methionine

CP Biology Article Presentation• 4-5 minute summary of article summary• DO NOT READ FROM THE SUMMARY – you can

use note cards if you want• You need at least one visual that will help illustrate

points that you are making in your presentation – posters, powerpoints (4-6 slides….Be creative!

• If you do not do this correctly, you will have to redo this in front of the class…do it right the first time!

• Start after the test on DNA approximately Jan. 17th

• Dress appropriately for giving a presentation

TEST THURSDAY – Test Topics

• Notes on DNA/RNA

• Vocab 59-68

• Reading 192-198, 205-212

• Semi Conservative Replication, Transcription and Translation – Handouts in Binder that we colored…

• DNA/RNA Lab

• Crossword, Text Questions 200,220

NOTEBOOK CONTENTS2nd Quarter Notebook

Check• Cover Sheet • Assignment Sheet • Grade Sheet w/ • Vocabulary 22 (primary

prod.) - 58 (microvilli) • Notes• Systems • Life Processes (Digestive

System pg 83-85) Teeth lab

• Daily Work– Too hot Not to Handle– Ecosystems WS– CH 18 WS pg 57– CH 19 WS Human Impact– Ch 2 Chem of Life– Biochem Crossword– Enzyme WS

• Labs– Pred/Prey LabBat Graph

– -Beano Lab/Graph

– Enzyme Computer Lab– (not in 2011)

Tot. Pts % Grade

THIS IS 10% OF YOURQUARTER GRADE!!!