English 100Vocabulary Quiz 4Worksheet 1accuse alter communicate comprehend sympathizeهـم) ـ to charge (يتwith the fault, offense, crime (usually followed by preposition of); (يلوم) to consider someone or something responsible for something bad; (

ينتقد to (يلوم،find fault with

ر) to (يغيmake different in some particular, as size, style, course or the like; to modify (used with an object)

( المعلومات( ينقل) to tell information, etc. (used with an object)

to (يفهم)understand; (to include (يشمل

to be in (يتعاطف)sympathy or agreement of feeling; to share in a feeling (often followed by preposition with)

Word FamiliesStudy the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic

texts.accusation alter communication comprehension sympathizeak-yoo-zey-shuh n awl-ter kuh-myoo-ni-key-shuhn kom-pri-hen-shuh n sim-puh-

thahyzaccuser alteration communicator comprehend sympathy(the) accused altered communicate comprehensive sympathizeraccuse communicative comprehensively sympatheticaccused communicatively unsympatheticaccusingly sympathetically

Exercise – Word Form ChartNOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB1. accusation

2. accuser

3. (the) accused

accuse accused accusingly

alteration alter altered X

1. communication

2. communicator

communicate communicative communicatively

comprehension comprehend X X

X comprehend comprehensive comprehensively

1. sympathy

2. sympathizer

sympathize 1. sympathetic

2. unsympathetic

sympathetically

ReadingChallenges Faced by Immigrants

My father is Italian, and my mum is South African. On meeting in Africa they decided to immigrate to Australia to have their children. Often they sensed that they did not fit in, and even within the confines of their relationship they had to work to overcome cultural differences.

My father, at first, struggled with the language barrier between his Italian tongue and the English/Africans mix of South Africa. While he comprehended simple communication, Dad often found that he missed the punch line of jokes because of the language gap. It was when he began mixing with other people of varying backgrounds that he begin to feel more accepted.

While some native-speakers accused Dad of not trying to learn the language, immigrants sympathized with him. The truth was Dad's progress in learning the language was slow because his whole family still was ‘Italian’ at home and spoke their native tongue. Dad

found this a hindrance at the time, but in retrospect found it a blessing as it gave him a deep sense of history and culture. He discovered that when he accepted that he was different and was comfortable with this. This meant that he was able to relate to others with greater ease.

The move from Africa to Australia, while tough, was easier for my parents. They altered their criterion (معيار، مقياس) for choosing friends. They decided to choose friends, not based on cultural identity, but rather on the quality of the individual. Having children being schooled in the country also helped to build networks. My parents were keen to raise their kids with a sense of culture and, thus, decided to select the best elements of Italian, South Africa and Australian culture to create a cultural offshoot. This helped them to retain their own identity, whilst allowing us children to develop one of their own.

Accessed 8 December 2008 http://www.helium.com/items/579138-immigrants-cultural-identity

Comprehension CheckExercise 1Refer to the reading above and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.__C__ 1. alter A. to tell information, etc.

__D__ 2. accuse B. to be in agreement of feeling; to share in a feeling

__E__ 3. comprehend C. to make different in some particular, as size, style, course or the like; to modify

__A__ 4. communicate D. to consider someone or something responsible for something bad

__B__ 5. sympathize E. to understand

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Exercise 2Which word does not belong?

1. alter change keep modify

2. accuse praise fault blame

3. comprehend understand grasp misinterpret

4. communicate state conceal convey

5. sympathize commiserate

feel for ignore

Word StudyExercise 1Many words in English are commonly used with certain prepositions. Find the following words in the reading, and write the prepositions that go with them on the line provided.

1. accused _of____________

2. sympathized

_with__________

Exercise 2Many words in English are commonly used with an object. Find the following words in the reading, and write the direct objects that are used with them on the line provided.

1. altered _criterion_____

2. comprehended

_communication_

Using Words in CommunicationExerciseWith a partner, read and complete the following sentences:

1. One way to alter the ELU marking system is by . . .

2. I was once unfairly accused of . . .

3. The funniest example of not comprehending what was said in English was when . . .

4. Failure to communicate can result in . . .

5. Newspapers often report on people who have problems. One story that has gotten a lot of

sympathy from readers is . . .

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Worksheet 2common constant environment establish objective seen or (شائع)happening often; quite normal or usual; (مشترك) belonging equally to or shared by more than one

دائم، ال ) (يتوقفnever stopping; (ال ر، يتغي (ثابتunchanging

( بيئه, a set) (محيطof) surrounding conditions, especially those influencing development or growth

ز) ت، يعز to (يثبsettle firmly in a position (e.g. a job, business, etc.; (يؤسس، يقيم، to found or (ينشئset up (e.g. a business, university, etc.); ( to (يثبت، يبرهنshow to be true or to prove

a thing (هدف)aimed at or a goal; not (موضوعي)influenced by personal opinions, etc. (used with preposition about if an object is used)

Word FamiliesStudy the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic texts.common constant environment establish objectivekom-uhn kon-stuh nt en-vahy-ruh n-muh

nti-stab-lish uh b-jek-tiv

commonly constantly environmental establishment

objectively

environmentally established

Exercise – Word Form ChartNOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

X X common commonly

X X constant commonly

environment X environmental environmentally

establishment establish established X

objective X objective objectively

ReadingGlobal Warming in Australia

Australia is the driest of all the continents. It has gone through many long droughts جفــاف، قحــط،) in the past. For that reason most Australians do (محلnot believe that the latest drought is itself caused by global warming. However, one constant complaint is global warming has made the drought worse than it would otherwise have been. This belief is understandable: the warming trend (جاه (ميل، نزعه، إتin Australia seems to be stronger than in other parts

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of the world. Between 1950 and 2001, the average temperature there rose by 0.7°C — more than it rose in the whole world during the entire 20th Century.

Because Australia is so dry, evaporation يبخر) .rates there are always high (يتبخر، Approximately 90% of the rainwater commonly returns to the atmosphere (جو) through evaporation. The especially hot weather during the drought often pushed the evaporation rate up to nearly a 100%. So, when rain fell during this period, it was often of no use to farmers.

There was some relief from the drought during 2007. The south-eastern coast actually had quite a wet summer although farther inland there was not enough rain to help farmers much. And the hot weather has continued: The year 2007 was the hottest ever in the south-eastern state of New South Wales with an average temperature 1.13°C above normal. A government climate scientist quoted in an Australian paper said researchers had established that Australia was getting warmer and that the change was possibly permanent. He said that at least 85% of the rise in temperature was caused by the "enhanced greenhouse effect."

Whether or not global warming was making Australia hotter and making Australian droughts worse, many Australians have obviously come to believe that was so. This belief had an effect on the elections there in November 2007. A new Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, was elected. During his election campaign, he had spoken frequently of the dangers of global warming to the environment and had promised, if he were elected, one of his objectives would be to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Accessed 8 December 2008 http://www.flesl.net/Readings/Global_Warming/Extreme_Weather/extreme_weather.php

Comprehension CheckExercise 1Refer to the reading above and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.__D__ 1. commonly A. (a set of) surrounding conditions, especially those influencing

development or growth

__E__ 2. constant B. things aimed at or goals

__A__ 3. environmen

t

C. to show to be true or to prove

__C__ 4. establish D. seen or happening often; quite normal or usual

__B__ 5. objectives E. unchanging

Exercise 2Which word does not belong?

1. common accepted conventional rare

2. constant nonstop irregular unchanging

3. environment

milieu surroundings

weather

4. establish found prove substantiate

5. objective open-minded unbiased prejudiced

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Using Words in CommunicationExerciseWith a partner, read and complete the following sentences:

1. One common fear people have is . . .

2. I constantly have to remind myself to . . .

3. The biggest threat to the environment is . . .

4. Within the next ten years, I hope to establish . . .

5. Most people find it difficult to be objective about . . .

Worksheet 3adolescent adult exile hesitate inheritn. (شاب ما بين

من 19 و13 a person in (العمرhis or her teens; adj. (غير ناضج) childish and behaving like someone much younger

n. ( إنسان (بالغ، راشدa fully grown human; adj. ناضج، )mature (بالغ

v. (ينفي، يبعد) to send away or banish a person from his/her own country; n. ( ،نفي a person (منفىwho is forced to live outside his/her own country; n. (،غربه a (إغتراب(usually long) stay outside one’s country (usually because of punishment

v. (يتردد) to pause briefly, e.g. because of uncertainty; to be unwilling (to do something), e.g. because one is not sure it is right

v. (يرث) to receive property, etc. belonging to someone who has died; ( يرث عادة to have (أو صفة( e.g. qualities) the same as one’s parents or ancestors

Word FamiliesStudy the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic texts.adolescent adult exile hesitate inheritad-l-es-uh nt uh-duhlt, ad-uhlt eg-zahyl, ek-

sahylhez-i-teyt in-her-it

adolescence adult exile hesitation inheritanceadolescent adulthood hesitancy inheritor hesitant inheritable

hesitantly

Exercise – Word Form ChartNOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB1. adolescent

2.

X adolescent X

adult X adult X

exile exile X X

hesitancy hesitate hesitant hesitantly

hesitation hesitate X X

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1. inheritor

2. inheritance

inherit inheritable X

ReadingThe Poet of the Voice

Fairuz, popularly known as the poet of the voice, inherited her love of singing from her grandmother. As a child, she enjoyed visiting her grandmother in the small Lebanese village of Dbayeh al-Chouf, where she spent hours listening to her grandmother sing folk songs and tell stories about traveling to Mexico and the United States during a brief exile from Lebanon.

At a school party one day in 1947, a teacher from the Lebanese Conservatory heard her sing. This man, Muhammad Fleifel, was looking for new talent at that time among school children to sing national hymns for airing on the newly established Lebanese Radio Station. He persuaded Fairuz’s father to enroll her at the conservatory. One day, when Fleifel was presenting a group of songs sung by conservatory students, the head of the music department at the Lebanese Radio Station, Halim Al-Rumi, happened to hear Fairuz at the recording room and asked to see the girl. After the program was over, a shy, thin adolescent came to his office. When he asked her if she wanted to sing on the radio, she said that she did. He asked her to sing something for him.

Al-Rumi was so impressed by Fairuz’s voice that he wanted to hire her as a chorus singer at the radio station in Beirut. Her father hesitated at first. It took a lot of coaxing to convince him. He stipulated that Fairuz was to be accompanied by her mother, her brother Joseph, or the neighbor's boy when she went to the station

Al-Rumi, so excited about the talent he had discovered, introduced Fairuz to 'Assi Rahbani, a policeman by profession and an aspiring composer, who was already aware of the talented new voice and anxious to meet Fairuz. The subsequent collaboration between the composer and the singer eventually resulted in a song that was to launch Fairuz for the first time as a major talent on a popular scale. Overnight, Itab established her as a major singer throughout the Arab world. Later, as an adult, Fairuz went on to record more than 800 songs, many of them written by Rahbani.

Accessed 9 December 2008 http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/700/780/fairuz/legend/biography.html

Comprehension CheckExercise 1Refer to the reading above and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.__B__ 1. adult A. a stay outside one’s own country (usually because of punishment)

__D__ 2. adolescent B. a fully grown human

__A__ 3. exile C. to have ( e.g. qualities) the same as one’s parents or ancestors

__E__ 4. hesitate D. a teenager

__C__ 5. inherit E. to be unwilling (to do something), e.g. because one is not sure it is right

Exercise 2Which word does not belong?

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1. adolescent teen adult juvenile

2. adult mature grown-up infant

3. exile import banish expel

4. hesitate delay continue pause

5. inherit get acquire give

Word StudyExerciseSelect the pair of words having a similar relationship as the boldfaced pair. An example has been provided for you.

_b_ environment : environmentalist : : a. occur : occurrenceb. creation : creatorc. normal : normally

_c_ 1. adolescent : adult : : a. liked : dislikedb. creative : emphaticc. younger : older

_b_ 2. exile : banish : : a. book : writerb. chapter : sectionb. leave : go

_a_ 3. hesitate : do : : a. hot : coldb. individual : societyc. context : creative

_b_ 4. inheritor : inherit : : a. succeed : failb. emphasis : emphasizec. chapter: main division of a book

Using Words in CommunicationExerciseWith a partner, read and complete the following sentences:

1. An example of juvenile behavior is . . .

2. An adult I admire is . . .

3. One reason for exiling someone is . . .

4. Sometimes, one should hesitate to . . .

5. If I inherited 5 million dinars, I would . . .

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Worksheet 4fallacy hemispher

enervous resume tremble

n. ( ،مظهر خادع a wrong (مغالطهidea or belief, usually one that is believed to be true; false reasoning

n. ( نصفالكرة ه (األرضيone half of the earth, especially one of the northern and southern halves above and below the equator

adj. (عصبي) of the nerves; ( (خائف، قلقrather afraid

v. (يستأنف) to begin again after starting

v. ( ،يرتجف to shake (يرتعشwith fear, cold, weakness, etc.; n. ( (إرتجاف، إرتعاشa shudder or tremor

Word FamiliesStudy the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic texts.fallacy hemisphere nervous resume tremblefal-uh-see hem-i-sfeer nur-vuh s ri-zoom trem-buh lfallacious hemispheric nervousness resumptio

ntrembling

fallaciously hemispherical

nervously trembly

Exercise – Word Form ChartNOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERBfallacy X fallacious fallaciously

hemisphere X 1. hemispheric

2. hemispherical

X

nervousness X nervous nervously

resumption resume X X

trembling tremble trembly X

ReadingMy Journey to Freedom

Adapted from an Article by Long VangMy name is Long Vang. I was born in Laos, a country located

in the southern hemisphere. My father worked on a farm, and

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my mother was a cook. I had two brothers and two sisters. We lived in a beautiful place and were very happy, but after my father died, we moved to the new place. In 1975, the communists came and took over my country. My brother and sister left me in Laos because at that time I was young and I couldn't go with them to Thailand. I thought my brothers and sisters would be back in a few months, but they didn't come back. At seventeen years old, I had to live by myself.

In 1978, I moved with the people who lived in the mountains to fight for freedom. I was a guerrilla soldier from 1979 to 1983. I lost many friends who lived in the forest. We didn't have enough food to eat. We fought one day and ate the next day. Because of the war and the death of so many friends, I became so nervous that it was hard for me to sleep. It was very difficult for me to live because I didn't have any family with me. I only had my gun.

I knew I had to save my life. I realized if I fought the Enemy again, maybe my life would end. That was when I decided to leave Laos for Thailand. It was not easy for me to cross the border of Laos and Thailand because the Mekong River is between the two countries. When I came to the border, I knew I had to cut down a tree to make a small boat for me to cross the Mekong River. After I crossed the Mekong River, I began to tremble when I saw the many dead people floating in the water. I couldn't help them. It was scary. Then I entered Thailand. The Thai soldiers took me to a camp, where I lived for almost two years.

I dreamed of coming to America. I always thought about going back to my country. I waited month after month, year after year, but the communists still lived there. However, I thought that someday I would to go back to my country and live there forever, but my brother wrote me a letter, telling me to come to America and start a new life there. Thus, I decided to come to America and forget about my country, but that was a fallacy. I couldn't. Although I’ve resumed my life as a free man, I still miss my hometown where I was born.

Accessed 9 December 2008 http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Present.html

Comprehension CheckExercise 1Refer to the reading above and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.__C__ 1. fallacy A. to begin again after starting

__E__ 2. hemisphere B. rather afraid

__B__ 3. nervous C. a wrong idea or belief, usually one that is believed to be true

__A__ 4. resume D. to shake with fear, cold, weakness, etc.

__D__ 5. tremble E. one half of the earth, especially one of the northern and southern halves above and below the equator

Exercise 2Which word does not belong?

1. fallacy error falsehood reality

2. nervous anxious calm fearful

3. resume halt recommence restart

4. tremble quiver steady shudder

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Word StudyExerciseFill in the gap with the letter next to the word that best completes the sentence. An example has been provided for you. Each correct answer is worth one mark.

a. fallacy c. nervous e. terribleb. hemisphere d. resumed f. tremble

That is a/an _e_ choice.

1. I was so _c_ about my exams that I couldn’t sleep.

2. Her lip began to _f_, and then she started to cry.

3. It’s a common _a_ to believe that crime is caused by poverty.

4. Canada is located in the northern _b_.

5. They were silent; then Billy _d_ his story.

Using Words in CommunicationExerciseWith a partner, read and complete the following sentences:

1. A common fallacy is . . .

2. . . . are located in the southern hemisphere.

3. I become nervous when . . .

4. A person shouldn’t resume doing something when . . .

5. I’ve seen people tremble when . . .

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Worksheet 5persist relegate review scar transparentv. ( يستمر، يصمم to (على، يثابرkeep doing, thinking etc in spite of opposition or difficulty; to continue asking, persuading etc. (followed by the preposition in when followed by an object)

v. ( ينزل to put (درجةdown to a lower grade, position, etc. (followed by the preposition to and an object)

v. ( ،يستعرض to (يبحثreconsider; )American) v. (يراجع، يعود to revise or (علىgo over one’s notes, lessons, etc. in preparation for an examination

v. (يندب الجرح) to mark with a scar (used with the preposition by when followed by an object; n. ( ،ندبه the (أثر الجرحmark that is left by a wound or a sore

adj. (شفاف) able to be seen through; ( ,open (مكشوفfrank, not secret

Word FamiliesStudy the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic texts.persist relegate review scar transparentper-sist, -zist rel-i-geyt ri-vyoo skahr trans-pair-uh ntpersistence relegation reviewer scarred transparency persistent reviewabl

e transparently

persistently

Exercise – Word Form ChartNOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERBpersistence persist persistent persistently

relegation relegate X X

1. review

2. reviewer

review reviewable

scar scar scarred X

transparency X transparent transparently

ReadingIn the past, some people persisted in relegating

adopted children to second-class status. Consequently, many parents of adopted children – fearing that their

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children would be scarred – never told their children that they were adopted. Some of these parents later reviewed their decision and decided they had been wrong not to tell their children that they had been adopted. Today, most adoptive parents are quite transparent about the circumstances of their children’s births.

Comprehension CheckExercise 1Refer to the reading on the previous page and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.__B__ 1. persist A. to mark with a scar

__D__ 2. relegate B. to keep doing, thinking etc in spite of opposition or

difficulty

__E__ 3. review C. open, frank, not secret

__A__ 4. scar D. to put down to a lower grade, position, etc.

__C__ 5. transparent E. to reconsider

Exercise 2Which word does not belong?

1. persist continue endure cease

2. relegate promote demote downgrade

3. review recap reevaluate rethink

4. scar mark perfection hurt

5. transparent frank candid hidden

Word StudyExercise 1Many words in English are commonly used with certain prepositions. Find the following words in the reading, and write the prepositions that go with them on the line provided.

1. persist _in____________

2. relegate _to____________

Exercise 2Complete the sentence with the correct form of the word in parenthesis.

1. The man’s _persistence________ helped him to get what he wanted. (persist)

2. Many people looked away from his _scarred____________ face. (scar)

Exercise 3If the meaning of the underlined word is correct in the context of the sentence, write “Yes” in the blank. If it is not, write “No.”

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1. _Yes_ West Ham was relegated to the Second Division.

2. _No__ I’m sure my decision is right, so I’ll review it.

Using Words in CommunicationExerciseWith a partner, read and complete the following sentences:

1. Persistence is important because . . .

2. . . . should be relegated to the Second Division because . . .

3. I’m currently reviewing . . .

4. . . . can leave scars.

5. Transparency in government is important because . . .

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