Chapter 9: Solids, Liquids and Gases Learning Target Vocabulary Word Definition Facts or Examples Symbol/Picture Lesson 1: States of Matter I can describe the motion of particle sin a solid… solid has a definite ________ and a definite ________ particles are packed _____________ together particles are tightly _______ in one position particles do move but not much = _________ in place crystalline solids solids made up of _______________ examples = salt, sugar, snow, fluorite when it is heated will _____ at a distinct temperature amorphous solids the particles are not arranged in a ______________ pattern do not ______ at a distinct temperature. Instead, they may become __________and change into another substance
Transcript
Chapter 9: Solids, Liquids and GasesLearning Target Vocabulary Word Definition Facts or Examples Symbol/Picture
Lesson 1: States of Matter
I can describe the motion of particle
sin a solid… solid has a definite ________ and a definite
________
particles are packed _____________ together
particles are tightly _______ in one position
particles do move but not much = _________ in
place
crystalline solids
solids made up of _______________
examples = salt, sugar, snow, fluorite
when it is heated will _____ at a distinct
temperature
amorphous solids
the particles are not arranged in a
______________ pattern
do not ______ at a distinct temperature. Instead,
they may become __________and change
into another substance
examples = glass, plastics, rubber
I can describe the motion of
particles in a liquid…
liquid
has a definite _________ but no
__________ of its own
the shape may change with its _____________
particles are packed _____________ together but may move freely around one another
fluid a substance that __________
__________ and _________ are fluids
surface tension
an ________ force, or ________, among the molecules in a liquid
gas has neither a definite __________ nor ____________
gas particles will move and _________ apart as they fill a ____________
gas molecules move in _________ directions
important to know a gases volume,
temperature and pressure
pressurethe force of its __________ push
divided by the area of the walls of the
container
You do NOT need to know how to calculate
pressure!
________ pressure = greater concentration of
gas particles
temperaturea measure of the
average energy of random ___________ of
the particles of matter
the ___________ the particles are moving, the greater their energy and
the ___________the temperature
measured with a ___________________
Lesson 2:Changes of States
change of state the change of a substance from one
physical state to another
all changes of state are physical changes
because the substance does not lose its identify
endothermic
when particles overcome some of their attractions to
each other – energy is added to it and is
used to overcome the attraction that holds the particles in place
melting and evaporation are examples because energy is gained by the substance as it changes
state
exothermic
For a liquid to freeze the particles must
overcome the motion of the particles – removing energy
causes the particles to begin to lock into
pace
freezing and condensation are
examples because energy is lost by the
substance as it changes state
I can explain what happens to a
substance during changes between solid and liquid…
melting the change in state from a ___________ to
a ______________
melting point the specific _______________ melting occurs
melting point of water = ___°C or ____°F
At a solid’s melting point, its particles vibrate so
fast that they break free from their fixed positions
At 0°C, the temperature of ice stops _________.
Any added energy continues to change the
arrangement of the water molecules from ice
crystals into liquid water
freezing the change of state from a __________ to a
___________
the __________ of melting
freezing point of water = ___°C or ___°F
freezing pointthe ___________ at which a substance
changes from a liquid to a solid
At a liquid’s freezing point, its particles are moving so slowly that
they begin to take on a fixed position
When water is put in a freezer, the water
molecules move more _______ as they lose
energy. When the water begins to freeze, its
temperature ______ at 0°C until freezing is
complete.I can explain what
happens to a substance during changes between liquid and gas…
vaporization the change in state from a ________ to a
_________
occurs when particles in a liquid _______ enough
energy to move independently
2 types = __________ and __________
evaporation vaporization that takes place only on the ___________ of a
liquid
example = shrinking puddle
water in the puddle _____ energy from the ground,
air and/or sun. The added energy enables
some of the water molecules on the surface
of the puddle to ________ in to the air
boilingvaporization that takes place both
_______ and at the _________ of a liquid
example = when water boils
vaporized water molecules for bubbles below the surface, the
bubbles _____ and eventually break the surface of the liquid
boiling point the _____________ at which a liquid boils
water = ___° C or ___° F
condensation the change in state from a _______ to a
_____________
the reverse of ____________
occurs when particles in a gas ______ enough
thermal energy to form a liquid
examples = clouds, dew
condensation point
the temperature at which the gas
becomes a liquid
water = 100° C or 212°F
I can explain what happens to a
substance during changes between
solid and gas…
sublimationparticles of a solid do not pass through the ____________ state as
they form a __________
occurs when the surface particles of a solid
_________ enough energy that they form a gas
example = snow disappears even when the temperature stays well below freezing; ice
cubes in the freezer “shrink”, and dry ice
Lesson 3:Gas Behavior
I can explain how pressure and
temperature of a gas are related…
When the temperature of a gas at constant volume is increased, the pressure
of the gas increases.When the temperature is decreased, the pressure
of the gas decreases.
I can explain how volume and
temperature are related…
Charles’s Law
When the temperature of a gas at constant pressure
is increased, its volume
______________.
When the temperature of a gas at constant pressure
is decreased, its volume ___________.
___________ proportional
I can explain how pressure and
volume of a gas are related…
Boyle’s Law
When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is
increased, the volume of the gas ___________.
When the pressure is decreased, the
volume ____________
__________ proportional
Learning Targets
Lesson 1I can describe the motion of particle sin a solid…
The fixed, ___________________ packed arrangement of particles causes a solid to have a definite __________ and _________.
I can describe the motion of particles in a liquid…
Because its particles are ___________ to move, a liquid has ____________________ shape. However, it does have a definite ____________________.
I can describe the motion of particles in a gas…
As gas particles move, they _______________ apart, _________________ all the space available. Thus, a gas has neither definite ___________________ nor definite ____________________.
Lesson 2I can explain what happens to a substance during changes between solid and liquid…
At a solid’s ___________________ point, its particles ______________ so fast that they ____________ from their fixed positions.
I can explain what happens to a substance during changes between liquid and gas…
______________________ occurs when the particles in a liquid _____________ enough thermal energy to ______________ independently.
I can explain what happens to a substance during changes between solid and gas…
During _____________________, particles of a solid __________________ pass through the ____________ state as they form a gas.
Lesson 3I can explain how pressure and temperature of a gas are related…
When the temperature of a gas at constant volume is _________________, the pressure of the gas _____________________.
I can explain how volume and temperature are related…
When the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is ____________________, the volume _____________________.
I can explain how pressure and volume of a gas are related…
When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is ___________________, the volume of the gas ________________.
