Joints!!!

Vocabulary: Articulation- A fixed

or moveable joint between bones.

Arthrology- T

he

study and

treatm

ent of

joints.

Kine

siol

ogy-

The

stud

y of

mec

hani

cs

of b

ody

mov

emen

t,

espe

cial

ly in

hum

ans.

Rheumatology- The

study and treatment

of rheumatoid

diseases.

Dislocation- When a bone is moved from its normal position, it happens mostly in joints.

The Structural and Functional Class of Joints:

*Structural factors are based on how materials keep joints together and if there is a cavity.

*Joints are what make bones movable

*Cartilage is between bones to help reduce friction.

*The joints are in groups that are either movable or immovable.

There are three types of joints: Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints and synovial joints. Fibrous joints-are two bones that are held together by fibrous

connective tissue, sutures on the skull are examples.

Cartilaginous joints- are bones that have a plate of hyaline cartilage between the two bones.

Synovial joints- are the joints that have free movement.

1. Fibrous Joints:

In a fibrous joint there are two bones that are connected by fibrous tissue from one bone to the other surface of the bone. Fibrous joints don’t allow any movement the skull and pelvic bones are held together by fibrous joints.

Cartilaginous joints are joints that are covered with cartilage that allow joints to move more easily. The joints contain cartilage in between bones to allow joints to move. There are two groups of cartilaginous joints: primary and secondary. Primary joints are connecting ribs to the manuburim. Secondary joints are when fibrocartilage connects the bones.

2. Cartilaginous Joints:

3. Synovial Joints:Synovial joints are the freely movable joints which are covered by articular cartilage. The bone has a spongy framework.

There Are six types of synovial joints:

*Gliding Joints- allow bones to move back an forth easily, like the vertebrae. *Hinged Joints- allow the body to bend and extend.*Condyloid Joints- are like gliding joints they just contain concave and oval shaped bones. *Piviot Joints- allowed cone-shaped bones to twist and rotate*Saddle Joints- are like condyloid joints the only difference is they have a wider range of movement. *Ball and Socket Joints- have the biggest range of movement. An example is the shoulder.

Fibrous Joint

Cartilaginous Joint

Synovial Joint

Rheumatoid ArthritisRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease that stiffens, weakens, and causes loss of mobility, inflammation, and deforms the joints.

Signs & Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis-

Joint painJoint swellingJoints that are tender to the touchRed and puffy hands Firm bumps of tissue under the skin on your

arms (rheumatoid nodules)Morning stiffness that may last for hoursFeverWeight loss

Treatments of Rheumatoid Arthritis-There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis. Medications can reduce inflammation in your joints in order to relieve pain and prevent or slow joint damage.

Medications- NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), Steroids (Corticosteroid), Disease-modifying

antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), Immunosuppressant, &

TNF-alpha inhibitors (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha)

Prevention of R

heumatoid

Arthriti

s-

There is no known way to

prevent RA because th

e

exact cause of th

e disease is

not known.

OsteoarthritisA form of arthritis that forms in mainly older people and is defined as chronic degeneration of the cartilage of the joints.

Signs & Symptoms of Osteoarthritis-PainTenderness StiffnessLoss of FlexibilityGrating SensationBone Spurs

Prevention of

Osteoarth

ritis-

*Weight c

ontrol

*Injury Preventio

n

*Exe

rcise

Medications for

Osteoarthritis-*Acetaminophen (Tylonol)

*NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal

anti-inflammatory drugs)

*Tramadol*Stronger painkillers

*Cortisone shots

*There is no known cure for osteoarthritis!!!

Strain or SprainA damage or tearing of ligaments of the muscle.

When a lot of force is put on to a joint, the ligaments that hold the bones together may be torn or damaged. Any joint can be sprained, but most injured joints are the ankle, knee, and finger. Injured joints are also called pulled muscles, they usually happen in the overexertion or improper lifting techniques.

3 grades or sprains:

Grade 1 sprains are mild injuries where no tearing of the ligament occurs, and no joint function is lost, and there may be tenderness and swelling.

Grade 2 sprains are caused by limited tear in the ligament. These sprains are found by swelling, a lot of bruising, pain, hard to put weight on it, and limits functions of the joint.

Grade 3 sprains are complete tearing of the ligament and is severe pain, loss of joint function, widespread swelling and bruising, and not able to bear weight.

Signs & Symptoms of Sprain:

PainSwellingBruisingInstabilityLoss of ability to move the joint

Prevention of a Sprain:

*Wear Protective footwear

*Make sure footwear fits properly

*Avoid high-heels

Treatment of Sprains:

(To Reduce Swelling)RestIce or cold therapyCompressionElevation

Medication for a Sprain

Ibuprofen

The End

By: AbbyAiken, Amber Wesley, and Jennica Warner

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Works Sited: