Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Science: Ways to gather and organize 1.) Science: Ways to gather and organize information about the natural world.information about the natural world.2.) Quantitative Data: Numerical recorded data.2.) Quantitative Data: Numerical recorded data.3.) Qualitative Data: Data collected by using your3.) Qualitative Data: Data collected by using your

senses.senses.4.) Independent Variable: Variable that you control4.) Independent Variable: Variable that you control during the experiment.during the experiment.5.) Dependent Variable: The measurement or data5.) Dependent Variable: The measurement or data you take while doing the experiment. you take while doing the experiment.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Estimate: Make a guess on a measurement.1.) Estimate: Make a guess on a measurement.2.) Infer: When you try to explain something2.) Infer: When you try to explain something that you observe.that you observe.3.) Prediction: What you believe will happen.3.) Prediction: What you believe will happen.4.) Hypothesis: Statement that is an educated4.) Hypothesis: Statement that is an educated guess that tries to explain what will happen guess that tries to explain what will happen and why.and why.5.) Scientific Method: Set of problem solving5.) Scientific Method: Set of problem solving steps used by scientist to find out about thesteps used by scientist to find out about the natural world around us.natural world around us.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Control Group: Group in a controlled 1.) Control Group: Group in a controlled

experiment in which all factors stay the same.experiment in which all factors stay the same.2.) Experimental Group: Group in a controlled 2.) Experimental Group: Group in a controlled

experiment in which all factors stay the same experiment in which all factors stay the same except for one, which is called the independent except for one, which is called the independent variable.variable.

3.) Fact: Agreement made between scientists.3.) Fact: Agreement made between scientists.4.) Theory: Statement that explains why and how 4.) Theory: Statement that explains why and how

something happens.something happens.5.) Law: When a theory has passed many tests. 5.) Law: When a theory has passed many tests.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Density: How much matter is in a given space1.) Density: How much matter is in a given space (mass per unit of volume).(mass per unit of volume).2.) Scientific Notation: Used by scientist to save2.) Scientific Notation: Used by scientist to save time when writing very small or very largetime when writing very small or very large numbers.numbers.3.) Chemistry: Study of matter and it’s changes.3.) Chemistry: Study of matter and it’s changes.4.) Physics: Study of energy and how it effects4.) Physics: Study of energy and how it effects matter.matter.5.) Technology: The application of science to solve5.) Technology: The application of science to solve practical problems.practical problems.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Temperature: Measures average 1.) Temperature: Measures average motion of the molecules.motion of the molecules.2.) Heat: Form of energy that speeds up2.) Heat: Form of energy that speeds up the motion of the molecules.the motion of the molecules.3.) Cold: Absence of heat.3.) Cold: Absence of heat.4.) Significant Figures: Digits that carry4.) Significant Figures: Digits that carry meaning contributing to its precision.meaning contributing to its precision.5.) Graphs: Pictures of recorded data.5.) Graphs: Pictures of recorded data.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Motion: Occurs when an object changes it’s 1.) Motion: Occurs when an object changes it’s position when compared to a reference point.position when compared to a reference point.2.) Reference Point: Fixed object that the motion 2.) Reference Point: Fixed object that the motion is compared to.is compared to.3.) Speed: Distance an object travels per unit of 3.) Speed: Distance an object travels per unit of time.time.4.) Velocity: Speed and direction of a moving4.) Velocity: Speed and direction of a moving object.object.5.) Acceleration: Change in the speed or direction5.) Acceleration: Change in the speed or direction of a moving object.of a moving object.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Force: Push or pull that causes an object 1.) Force: Push or pull that causes an object to move.to move.2.) Net Force: Overall force acting on an object2.) Net Force: Overall force acting on an object (all forces added together).(all forces added together).3.) Unbalanced Forces: Forces that change 3.) Unbalanced Forces: Forces that change an object’s motion.an object’s motion.4.) Balanced Forces: Forces that do not change4.) Balanced Forces: Forces that do not change an object’s motion.an object’s motion.5.) Inertia: An objects resistance to a change5.) Inertia: An objects resistance to a change in motion.in motion.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Momentum: Product of an object’s mass1.) Momentum: Product of an object’s mass and velocity (mom. = m x v).and velocity (mom. = m x v).2.) Newton: Unit used to measure force2.) Newton: Unit used to measure force (one N is equal to the force needed to(one N is equal to the force needed to accelerate 1 Kg of mass 1 m / sec.).accelerate 1 Kg of mass 1 m / sec.).3.) Friction: Force that one surface exerts3.) Friction: Force that one surface exerts on another when two objects rub againston another when two objects rub against each other.each other.4.) Projectile Motion: Path of an object that 4.) Projectile Motion: Path of an object that is thrown.is thrown.5.) Terminal Velocity: Greatest speed reached by5.) Terminal Velocity: Greatest speed reached by a falling object (air resistance = gravity’s pull).a falling object (air resistance = gravity’s pull).

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Density: Mass per unit of volume (determines 1.) Density: Mass per unit of volume (determines if an object will sink or float).if an object will sink or float).2.) Buoyant Force: The force that works in an2.) Buoyant Force: The force that works in an upward direction to oppose gravity.upward direction to oppose gravity.3.) Energy: The ability to do work or cause a3.) Energy: The ability to do work or cause a change.change.4.) Kinetic Energy: Energy an object has because4.) Kinetic Energy: Energy an object has because of motion.of motion.5.) Potential Energy: Energy an object stores5.) Potential Energy: Energy an object stores and hold in readiness.and hold in readiness.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words Nuclear Fusion- Hydrogen molecule join together to Nuclear Fusion- Hydrogen molecule join together to

form Helium. Only occurs under extreme heat and form Helium. Only occurs under extreme heat and pressure.pressure.

Radiation Zone- Region of sun where tightly packed Radiation Zone- Region of sun where tightly packed gas is transferred as electromagnetic radiation. gas is transferred as electromagnetic radiation.

Convection Zone- Outer layer of sun’s interior. Hot Convection Zone- Outer layer of sun’s interior. Hot gas rises from bottom and cools as it get to the top.gas rises from bottom and cools as it get to the top.

Photosphere- Inner layer of sun’s atmosphere. It Photosphere- Inner layer of sun’s atmosphere. It gives off the visible light. gives off the visible light.

Chromosphere- Middle layer of sun’s atmosphere. Chromosphere- Middle layer of sun’s atmosphere. Can only be seen when there is an eclipse. Reddish Can only be seen when there is an eclipse. Reddish glow. glow.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words Gas Giant- Name often given to the outer Gas Giant- Name often given to the outer

planets.planets. Kuiper Belt- A doughnut shaped region that Kuiper Belt- A doughnut shaped region that

stretches from around Pluto to about 100 stretches from around Pluto to about 100 times earth’s distance from the sun.times earth’s distance from the sun.

Oort Cloud- A spherical of comets that Oort Cloud- A spherical of comets that surrounds the solar system. surrounds the solar system.

Asteroid- Rocky objects revolving around Asteroid- Rocky objects revolving around the sun that are too small and numerous to the sun that are too small and numerous to be considered planets.be considered planets.

Meteoroid- A chunk of rock or dust in space. Meteoroid- A chunk of rock or dust in space.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words Spectrograph- An instrument that Spectrograph- An instrument that

separates light into colors and make an separates light into colors and make an image of the spectrum. image of the spectrum.

Apparent Brightness- The brightness of a Apparent Brightness- The brightness of a star as seen from earth.star as seen from earth.

Absolute Brightness- The brightness a Absolute Brightness- The brightness a star would have if it were a standard star would have if it were a standard distance from earth. distance from earth.

Parallax-The apparent change in position Parallax-The apparent change in position of an object when seen from different of an object when seen from different places. places.

Nebula-A large cloud of gas and dust in Nebula-A large cloud of gas and dust in space spread out an immense volume. space spread out an immense volume.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words Protostar- A contracting cloud of gas and dust Protostar- A contracting cloud of gas and dust

with enough mass to form a star.with enough mass to form a star.

Super Nova- The brilliant explosion of a dying Super Nova- The brilliant explosion of a dying supergiant star. supergiant star.

Neutron Star- The small dense remains of a high Neutron Star- The small dense remains of a high mass star after a supernova. mass star after a supernova.

Main Sequence- Diagonal area on the H-R Main Sequence- Diagonal area on the H-R diagram that contains more than 90% of all diagram that contains more than 90% of all stars.stars.

Black Hole- An object whose gravity is so strong Black Hole- An object whose gravity is so strong that nothing can escape.that nothing can escape.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words Galaxy- A large group of stars, star clusters, dust Galaxy- A large group of stars, star clusters, dust

and gas held together by gravityand gas held together by gravity

Spiral Galaxy- A galaxy with a bulge in the middle Spiral Galaxy- A galaxy with a bulge in the middle and arms that spiral outward in a pinwheel pattern. and arms that spiral outward in a pinwheel pattern.

Elliptical Galaxy- A galaxy shaped like a round or Elliptical Galaxy- A galaxy shaped like a round or flat ball, generally only containing older stars. flat ball, generally only containing older stars.

Irregular Galaxy- A galaxy that does not have a Irregular Galaxy- A galaxy that does not have a regular shape.regular shape.

Quasar- An enormously bright distant galaxy with a Quasar- An enormously bright distant galaxy with a giant black hole at the center.giant black hole at the center.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words Cosmic Background Radiation- Cosmic Background Radiation-

Electromagnetic radiation leftover by the big Electromagnetic radiation leftover by the big bang.bang.

Solar Nebula- A large cloud of gas and dust, Solar Nebula- A large cloud of gas and dust, such as the one that formed our solar system.such as the one that formed our solar system.

Planetesimals- One of the small asteroid-like Planetesimals- One of the small asteroid-like bodies that formed the building blocks of the bodies that formed the building blocks of the planets. planets.

Dark Matter- Matter that does NOT give off Dark Matter- Matter that does NOT give off electromagnetic radiation, but is quite electromagnetic radiation, but is quite abundant in the universe. abundant in the universe.

Dark Energy- A mysterious force that appears Dark Energy- A mysterious force that appears to be causing the expansion of the universe to to be causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate. accelerate.

Vocabulary Words

1.) Atom: Basic building block of all matter (building block of the universe).

2.) Nucleus: Positive charged center core of the atom.

3.) Protons: Positive charged subatomic particle found inside the nucleus.

4.) Neutron: Neutral subatomic particle that found inside the nucleus.

5.) Electron: Negative charged subatomic particle outside the nucleus in energy levels

Vocabulary Words1.) Atomic Mass: Average mass of an atom (also shows the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus).2.) Periodic Table: Shows regular and repeating patterns of elements.3.) Atomic Number: Shows the number of protons in the nucleus.4.) Period: Horizontal rows on the periodic chart that shows the number of energy levels around the nucleus.5.) Group: Vertical columns on the periodic chart made up of elements with similar properties (also known as chemical families).

Vocabulary Words1.) Valence Electrons: Found in the outermost energy level. (2-8-8-*8*).2.) Metals: Found left of the zigzag line on the chart. Have luster, malleability, ductility and good conductors.3.) Reactivity: The ease and speed elements react to form compounds.4.) Alloy: Mixture of metals.5.) Alkali Metals: Group that has one electron over the stable number.

Vocabulary Words1.) Alkaline Earth Metals: Group of elements that have two electrons over the stable number.2.) Nonmetals: Found right of the zigzag line and lack properties of metals.3.) Diatomic Molecule: When two identical atoms (nonmetals) form a chemical bond.4.) Halogens: Group of elements that have one electron below the stable number.5.) Metalloids: Elements found touching the zigzag line that have properties of both metal and nonmetals.

Vocabulary WordsMatter: Anything that has mass and takes up space.Chemistry: The study of matter and how matter changes.Element: Substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical changes.Compounds: Substance that is made up of two or more substances that chemically combine.Mixture: Two or more substances that are in the same place but do not chemically combine.

Vocabulary WordsIonic Bond: Forms because of an attraction between oppositely charged particles (forms between metals and nonmetals).Polyatomic Ions: When atoms form a compound and then become ions.Covalent Bond: Forms when both atoms attract the two shared electrons at the same time (forms between nonmetals). Negative Ion: Occurs when an atom gains an electron.Positive Ion: Occurs when an atoms losses an electron.

Vocabulary WordsElectron Dot Diagram: Shows how valance electrons are shared in covalant bonds.Polar Molecule: When certain ends of the molecule become positive and negatively charged.Non-polar Molecule: When valance electrons are shared equally in the molecule. Physical Change: Occurs when a change in size, shape or phase takes place but no new substance forms.Chemical Change: occurs when a change in matter takes place when one or more new substance forms.

Vocabulary WordsChemical formulas: Combination of symbols and subscripts used to represent a compound.Subscripts: Number found behind and below a chemical symbol that shows the number of atoms in a molecule or compound (H2O).Coefficient: Number found in front of a chemical symbol that shows the number of molecules or compounds in a reaction (2H2O). Synthesis: Chemical reaction when two or more substances combine to make a more complex substance. Example: 2H2 + O2 2H2ODecomposition: Chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products. Example: 2H2O2 2H2O + O2

Vocabulary WordsSingle Replacement: Chemical reaction when one

element replaces another in a compound. Example: 2CuO + C 2 Cu + CO2

Exothermic Reaction: Chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat or light.Endothermic Reaction: Chemical reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat or light.Catalyst: Material that increases the reaction rate by lowering the amount of activation energy that is needed.Inhibitor: Used to decrease the rate of a chemical reaction.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Solution: A well mixed mixture whose1.) Solution: A well mixed mixture whose particles are to small to see and can not particles are to small to see and can not be separated by filtering.be separated by filtering.2.) Solvent: Part of a solution that does the2.) Solvent: Part of a solution that does the dissolving, or is the part that has the largestdissolving, or is the part that has the largest amount.amount.3.) Solute: Part of a solution that is dissolved, 3.) Solute: Part of a solution that is dissolved, or the part that has the smaller amount.or the part that has the smaller amount.4.) Dilute: A solution that contains very little4.) Dilute: A solution that contains very little solute in the solvent.solute in the solvent.5.) Concentrated: A solution that contains a5.) Concentrated: A solution that contains a large amount of solute in the solvent.large amount of solute in the solvent.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Solubility: Measure of how well a solute 1.) Solubility: Measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature. can dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature.

2.) Saturated: A solution that contains all the2.) Saturated: A solution that contains all the

solute the solvent can hold.solute the solvent can hold.3.) Unsaturated: A solution that can continue 3.) Unsaturated: A solution that can continue to dissolve more solute.to dissolve more solute.4.) Acid: Compound that produces hydrogen (H4.) Acid: Compound that produces hydrogen (H++) ) in water, have a pH below 7.in water, have a pH below 7.5.) Base: Compound that produces hydroxide ions 5.) Base: Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH(OH--) in water, have a pH above 7.) in water, have a pH above 7.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Indicator: Compound that changes color when it comes in1.) Indicator: Compound that changes color when it comes in contact with an acid or a base.contact with an acid or a base.2.) Hydrogen Ion: Ion that is found in acids, created when an 2.) Hydrogen Ion: Ion that is found in acids, created when an atom loses an electron and becomes a positive chargedatom loses an electron and becomes a positive charged ion. ion. 3.) Hydroxide Ion: Ion that is found in bases, created when3.) Hydroxide Ion: Ion that is found in bases, created when atoms form a compound and then become a negativeatoms form a compound and then become a negative charged ion.charged ion.4.) pH Scale: A range of numbers used to express is a4.) pH Scale: A range of numbers used to express is a substance is an acid, base or neutral solution.substance is an acid, base or neutral solution.5.) Neutralization: The reaction between an acid and a base.5.) Neutralization: The reaction between an acid and a base.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Genes: Factors that control traits.1.) Genes: Factors that control traits.2.) Alleles: Different forms of a gene.2.) Alleles: Different forms of a gene.3.) Dominant Allele: Trait that always shows3.) Dominant Allele: Trait that always shows up in an organism when present.up in an organism when present.4.) Recessive Allele: Trait that is masked or4.) Recessive Allele: Trait that is masked or covered up when a dominant allele iscovered up when a dominant allele is present.present.5.) Hybrids: An organism that has two 5.) Hybrids: An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.different alleles for a trait.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Organism: Any living thing (plant or animal).1.) Organism: Any living thing (plant or animal).2.) Genetics: The science of heredity.2.) Genetics: The science of heredity.3.) Traits: Physical characteristics that an3.) Traits: Physical characteristics that an organism can pass on to its offspringorganism can pass on to its offspring through genes.through genes.4.) Heredity: The passing of traits from4.) Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring.parents to offspring.5.) Purebred: Organism that always produces5.) Purebred: Organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as theoffspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. parent.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Punnett Square: Chart that shows all the1.) Punnett Square: Chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.result from a genetic cross.2.) Phenotype: An organism’s physical2.) Phenotype: An organism’s physical appearance.appearance.3.) Genotype: An organism’s genetic makeup.3.) Genotype: An organism’s genetic makeup.4.) Homozygous: Organism that has two 4.) Homozygous: Organism that has two identical alleles for a trait.identical alleles for a trait.5.) Heterozygous: Organism that has two different5.) Heterozygous: Organism that has two different alleles for a trait.alleles for a trait.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words

1.) Meiosis: Occurs in sex cells and is the process in which1.) Meiosis: Occurs in sex cells and is the process in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to formthe number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form four new cells.four new cells.

2.) Mitosis: Occurs in body cells and is the process in which2.) Mitosis: Occurs in body cells and is the process in which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.

3.) Chromosome: Part of the cell found in the nucleus that3.) Chromosome: Part of the cell found in the nucleus that carries genetic information.carries genetic information.

4.) DNA: Genetic material that carries information about4.) DNA: Genetic material that carries information about the organism.the organism.

5.) RNA: Messenger that carries the genetic code from the5.) RNA: Messenger that carries the genetic code from the DNA inside the nucleus into the cytoplasm outside theDNA inside the nucleus into the cytoplasm outside the nucleus.nucleus.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Mutations: Change in a gene or1.) Mutations: Change in a gene or chromosome.chromosome.2.) Carrier: Person who does not have the trait2.) Carrier: Person who does not have the trait but can pass the trait on to offspring.but can pass the trait on to offspring.3.) Pedigree: Used by geneticists to trace the3.) Pedigree: Used by geneticists to trace the inheritance of traits in humans.inheritance of traits in humans.4.) Amniocentesis: Used by doctors to look for4.) Amniocentesis: Used by doctors to look for genetic disorders by studying the fluidgenetic disorders by studying the fluid surrounding a developing baby.surrounding a developing baby.5.) Karyotype: Picture of all the chromosomes 5.) Karyotype: Picture of all the chromosomes in a cell.in a cell.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Habitat: A place where an organism 1.) Habitat: A place where an organism lives and that provides the things the lives and that provides the things the organism needs.organism needs.2.) Biotic Factors: The living parts of an2.) Biotic Factors: The living parts of an ecosystem.ecosystem.3.) Abiotic Factors: The nonliving parts of3.) Abiotic Factors: The nonliving parts of an ecosystem.an ecosystem.4.) Species: Group of organisms that are4.) Species: Group of organisms that are physically similar and can reproducephysically similar and can reproduce with each other to produce fertile with each other to produce fertile

offspring.offspring.5.) Population: All the members of one 5.) Population: All the members of one

species species in a particular area. in a particular area.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Community: When different 1.) Community: When different

populations populations live together in an area.live together in an area.2.) Ecology: the study of how living things2.) Ecology: the study of how living things interact with each other and with theirinteract with each other and with their environment.environment.3.) Estimate: Approximation of a number 3.) Estimate: Approximation of a number based on reasonable assumptions.based on reasonable assumptions.4.) Immigration: Moving into a population.4.) Immigration: Moving into a population.5.) Emigration: Leaving a population.5.) Emigration: Leaving a population.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Limiting Factors: Environment conditions that prevent 1.) Limiting Factors: Environment conditions that prevent a population from increasing.a population from increasing.2.) Carrying Capacity: Largest population that an2.) Carrying Capacity: Largest population that an environment can support.environment can support.3.) Adaptations: Process that results in behaviors and3.) Adaptations: Process that results in behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment.live successfully in their environment.4.) Niche: An organism’s particular role, how it makes 4.) Niche: An organism’s particular role, how it makes its living, obtains food, what eats it, how it reproduces its living, obtains food, what eats it, how it reproduces and physical conditions it needs.and physical conditions it needs.5.) Competition: Struggle between organisms to survive 5.) Competition: Struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources.in a habitat with limited resources.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Predation: Interaction in which one organism1.) Predation: Interaction in which one organism kills and eats another.kills and eats another.2.) Symbiosis: Close relationship between two2.) Symbiosis: Close relationship between two species that benefits at least one species.species that benefits at least one species.3.) Mutualism: Relationship in which both3.) Mutualism: Relationship in which both species benefit.species benefit.4.) Commensalism: One species benefits4.) Commensalism: One species benefits and the other is neither helped or harmed.and the other is neither helped or harmed.5.) Parasitism: One organism lives on or inside5.) Parasitism: One organism lives on or inside another, harming it.another, harming it.

Vocabulary WordsVocabulary Words1.) Tropism: Plant’s growth response towards 1.) Tropism: Plant’s growth response towards

or away from stimulus.or away from stimulus.2.) Producer: Organisms that can make it’s 2.) Producer: Organisms that can make it’s own food, the source of all the food in an own food, the source of all the food in an ecosystem.ecosystem.3.) Consumer: Organisms that can not make3.) Consumer: Organisms that can not make their own food, obtains energy by feeding their own food, obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.on other organisms.4.) Food Chain: Series of events in which one4.) Food Chain: Series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains organism eats another and obtains

energy.energy.5.) Food Web: Consists of many overlapping5.) Food Web: Consists of many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.food chains in an ecosystem.

Vocabulary Words1.) Pathogens: Organisms that cause disease.2.) Infectious Disease: A disease that can pass from one organism to another.3.) Toxin: Bacterial pathogen that does not enter cells, but instead will produce a poison that damages the cell.4.) Inflammatory Response: When fluid and certain types of white blood cells leak from blood vessels into nearby tissue. (cells will then fight the pathogen).5.) Phagocyte: White blood cell that engulfs pathogen and destroys them by breaking them down.

Vocabulary Words1.) Bacteria: One-celled microorganism that cause a wide variety of diseases (ear infection, food poisoning, strep throat).2.) Viruses: Tiny particles much smaller than bacteria that cannot reproduce unless inside living cells (colds, flu, chicken pox, aids).3.) T Cells: Identify pathogens and distinguish one kind of pathogen from another.4.) Antigens: Molecules on cells that the immune system recognizes as part of your body or as something coming from outside your body.5.) B Cells: Lymphocytes that produce chemicals that help destroy each kind of pathogen.

Vocabulary Words1.) Antibodies: Lock onto pathogens and help destroy each kind of disease (each antibody has a different structure so it can bind with different antigens).2.) Aids: Disease caused by a virus that attacks the immune system.3.) Immunity: the body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.4.) Vaccination: Process by which harmless antigens are introduced into a person’s body to produce active immunity.5.) Vaccine: Substance that consists of pathogens that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system.

Vocabulary Words 1.) Active Immunity: When the immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen (can last for many years). 2.) Passive Immunity: When needed antibodies must come from a source outside the body (last for a few months). 3.) Noninfectious disease: Disease that cannot spread from person to person. 4.) Allergies: Occur when a persons immune system is overly sensitive to an allergen (pollen, molds, foods, medicines, pets, poison ivy). 5.) Histamine: Chemical responsible for symptoms of an allergy.

Vocabulary Words1.) Antibiotics: Chemicals that kill bacteria or slows their growth.2.) Tumor: Abnormal tissue masses that invade and destroy healthy tissue.3.) Carcinogen: Substances or factors that can determine if cells become cancerous.4.) Aging: Physical changes that occur throughout life.5.) Death: The end of all vital functions.