Vocal Music cont…

• Renaissance Ballett (Fa-La)– Simpler than madrigal, dance-like– For several solo voices– Homophonic (a contrast to most Ren.

music), melody in highest voice– Same music repeated for each verse/stanza,

syllables “fa-la” used as refrain– Also originated in Italy, cultivated in England

LISTENING TO BALLETT

– Now Is the Month of Maying (1595)

Thomas Morley– See books pg. 113

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

• Early 1500’s: inst. music was largely adapted from vocal music.

• Harpsichord, organ, luteLute –

plucked string

instrument with

body shaped

like half a pear

• Late 1500’s (16th c.): more music written specifically for inst.

• Mostly intended for dancing (common pass time)– Everyone expected to know how, taught by

professional dance masters– Popular dances:

• pavane or passamezzo (duple meter)• Galliard (triple meter)

Instrumental Music, cont…

• musicians distinguished between loud, outdoor instruments like trumpet, and shawm (ancestor of oboe), and soft, indoor inst. like lute and recorder.

• Other inst. of the Renaissance– Cornett – wooden,

cup-shaped mouthpiece

– Sackbut – early trombone

– Viols – pretty obvious– Regals (small organ with reed pipes)

– Passamezzo (or pavane) – stately dance in duple meter

• This recording includes bowed strings, plucked strings, woodwinds, brasses, keyboard ints., timpani.

• 3 sections (abc), each immediately repeated louder, with more instruments (a a’ b b’ c c’)

– Galliard – carefree dance in triple meter• Same melody as our passamezzo, more upbeat• Smaller ensemble: bowed strings, plucked strings,

woodwinds, harpsichord• 3 short sections, each ending with a cadence and

brief pause, then repeated more fully (just like pavane)

– But then, each section is repeated in succession at the end.

– a a’ b b’ c c’ a’ b’ c’

• Passamezzo and Galliard from Terpsichore– Michael Praetorius (1571-1621)– From collection of over 300 dances

• Renaissance Pavane

• <iframe width="420" height="345" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/hVBlFUb0g60" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Chapter 4: The Venetian School

– From Renaissance to Baroque

Venice, Italy:

center of

Western

music in

16th c.

– Venice: seaport built on tiny islands separated by canals

– Thriving commercial center for trade between Europe and near east.

– Focal point for music in Venice:• St. Mark’s Cathedral

– wealthy, colorful, employed up to 50 musicians

• Famous music directors of St. Mark’s– Adrian Willaert (about 1490-1562)– Andrea Gabrieli (about 1520-1586)– his nephew, Giovanni Gabrieli

• Among the finest comp. of the Ren.• Along with their colleagues, called the

Venetian School

• Venetian School– Composers inspired by unique architectural

feature of St. Mark’s Cathedral:2 widely separated choir lofts, each with an organ

• Wrote music for several choruses and groups of instruments (cori spezzati)

• Becomes mostly homophonic• 1st time we see choral music with specifically

instrumental parts – the biggest factor in turning us toward the Baroque era!

– Giovanni Gabrieli (about 1555-1612)• Native of Venice• Most important Venetian composer

of late Ren.• Organist at St. Mark’s 1585-death• Composed organ, instrumental and polychoral

motets– His polychoral motets call for two to five choirs

– the Polychoral Motet• Plaudite (Clap Your Hands, 1597)

– the Polychoral Motet– Plaudite (Clap Your Hands, 1597)

• Joyful• Large vocal ensemble of 12 voice parts in 3

choirs• Instrumental ensemble (choice of inst. left to

performers)• Exploits “stereophonic” possibilities of St. Mark’s

by rapidly tossing short phrases among 3 separate choirs.

• Choirs also combine for massive sonority (sound)• Dynamic contrast within this piece is a sign of what

comes next in the Baroque.

VOCABULARY REVIEW

• Renaissance• Individualism• “Universal man”• Humanism• Realism• Linear Perspective• Text Painting/Word

Painting• Imitation• Consonance/Dissonance• A cappella

• Motet• Mass

– Kyrie, Gloria, Credo,

Sanctus, Agnus Dei• Josquin Desprez• Imitation• Giovanni Pierluigi da

Palestrina• Protestant Reformation• Counter-Reformation

• Council of Trent• Madrigal• Thomas Weelkes• Ballett• Thomas Morley• Pavane/Passamezzo• Galliard• Lute• Cornett• Sackbut

• Shawm• Recorder• Regal• Michael Praetorius• Venice, Italy• St. Mark’s Cathedral• Venetian School• Giovanni Gabrieli• Cori spezzati• Polychoral motet

UNIT III PRESENTATIONS

Technology: Movable Type Printing Press, Gutenberg Bible

Kalyn

Julian

Blake

Jacob

Religion: Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

Dominique

Phil

Alec

Bilal

Exploration: Columbus, da Gama, MagellanKierynClaireChris

Taimoor

Art: da Vinci, Michelangelo, RaphaelEmmaAaronSamiRyan

Literature: William ShakespeareAnna

AndrewNathan

Nick