Vocalizations

Calls vs. Songs

Whistled versus Harmonic

mobbing

Box 8-2

Song

Fig 8-6

Bronchi

SuboscineOscine

Oscines have more complex syringeal muscles

Song quality affected by anatomy

Suboscines

Oscines

Innate songLearned song

Psittacidae

Trochilidae

Tyrannidae

Columbiformes

Genetic template

Final songLearned

Song learning in Sparrows

Juvenile White-crowned

SparrowExposed to 2 song models

What do I sing?

Song sparrow Model song

White-crowned model song

What does this result mean?

What do these two mean?

What does thisresult mean?

Song dialects of White-crowned Sparrows

Variation in song learning in song birds

1) Short sensitive period vs. life-long learners2) Repertoire of single song vs. 1000s of syllables (Brown Thrasher)3) Produce faithful copy of song model vs improvise (Sedge Wrens)4) Need exposure to conspecific song vs develop song in isolation (Grey Catbird)5) Copy tutor song if it fits template vs copy anything! (Mockingbirds)

Fernando Nottebohm

Avian song system

HVC bigger in malesEnlarges in spring with song and with repertoire size

As a result repertoire size mayIndicate male quality duringdevelopment/immune system

“it was widely held that brain cells, once lost, could not be replaced. …work on the song system changed the prevailing view.”

Song Learning =LMAN, Area X, DLM

Song production =Hvc, RA, etc

Auditory input =Field L