Vol. 39, No. 2 Richard Roberts Hice, circa 1910, Commissioner ...

Pennsylvania Geology

Vol 39 No 2

Richard Roberts Hice circa 1910 Commissioner (1903ndash09) and State Geologist

(1909ndash19) of the Topographic and Geologic Survey Commission of Pennsylvania

(from Ashley 1926 opposite p 94) See article on page 3

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

Edward G Rendell Governor

DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES

John Quigley Acting Secretary

OFFICE OF CONSERVATION AND TECHNICAL SERVICES

Cindy Adams Dunn Deputy Secretary

BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SURVEY

Jay B Parrish Director

Bureau web site wwwdcnrstatepaustopogeo

DCNR web site wwwdcnrstatepaus

Pennsylvania home page wwwstatepaus

Table of Contents

Editorial ndash More or Lesshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1

Richard Roberts Hice - Third State Geologist of Pennsylvaniahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3

Meet the Staff- Part 7- Geologic Mapping Divisionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip10

Geoheritage Cornerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 19

Survey Newshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip21

_______________________________________________________________________ PENNSYLVANIA GEOLOGY is published quarterly by the Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 3240 Schoolhouse Road Middletown

PA 17057ndash3534

This Editionrsquos Editor Gary M Fleeger

Links to web sites in articles in this issue were valid as of the date of release of this issue

Contributed articles are welcome Guidelines for manuscript preparation may be obtained at

wwwdcnrstatepaustopogeopubpageolmagpageolguideaspx or by contacting the editor at the address

listed above To subscribe send an email to RA-pageologystatepaus

Vol 39 No 2 Summer 2009

1

Editorial

More or Less

Jay Parrish State Geologist

Pennsylvania Geological Survey

Recently we found that a vandal had defaced the survey monument at the top of Mt

Davis marking the highest point in Pennsylvania (see Geoheritage Corner on page 19) By

chipping away the rock at the base of the brass monument they have inadvertently made it

a slightly lower spot on the earthrsquos surface So here someone wanted to get the monument

as a souvenir but by so doing not only destroyed a survey monument (which is illegal) but

destroyed the very meaning of the monument itself by lowering it I will pass on the

obvious crime of messing with a survey monument Such a marker was created for the

common good yet one person can selfishly destroy it in an instant to the common

detriment of all making it meaningless by the very act itself This is akin to finding a great

fossil and whacking it to pieces in an effort to extricate it

Mt Davis benchmark before (from httpwwwclimberorgFeatureHighPoints2000pahtml)

and after (photograph by James Shaulis) attempted removal

2

On another note

Recent budget cuts have hit all state agencies rather hard We have had to put some

large and necessary projects on hold or greatly reduce their scope While PAMAP has no

state budget but continues along using primarily USGS funding (thank you USGS) we

have become deeply involved in carbon sequestration

Act 129 authorizes us to conduct a study of the entire state to determine the suitability

for carbon sequestration As a result we are purchasing existing seismic reflection data as

well as collecting new data revising the state gravity map and acquiring new low-level

aeromagnetic data As we progress with data collection this year expect to see the

geophysical data on our web pages Everything we collect will be publicly available and I

look forward to some of you reinterpreting what we find

The lidar dataset for the state is still a few counties short of completion We are

hopeful that some federal funding may help us close that gap If yoursquove had a chance to

look at the digital elevation models (DEMs) in detail Irsquom sure yoursquoll agree that they are

excellent aids in geologic mapping

Recent developments have made us data rich while we struggle along like everyone

else with loss of staff All in all it is an exciting time at the Survey as we continue our core

function of basic geologic mapping while adding the carbon sequestration work and its

associated bounty of geologic information

3

Richard Roberts Hice Third State Geologist of Pennsylvania1

By Clifford H Dodge


Introduction

Richard Roberts Hice (1865ndash1925) (cover) is remembered today primarily for his

role as the third state geologist of Pennsylvania (1909ndash1919)2 He held this position during

the time of the Topographic and Geologic Survey Commission of Pennsylvania (1899ndash

1919) informally known as the Third Geological Survey of Pennsylvania Yet as ―a man

of broad interests and a keen observer (Ashley 1926 p 95) Hice was also an

accomplished businessman consulting geologist and expert on the economic geology of

western Pennsylvania In addition he was a strong conservationist Hice was affiliated

with several scientific and technical organizations and devoted considerable attention to

some He loved geology and enjoyed research and writing his work was published in a

number of scientific journals He also had a keen interest in other fields of science such as

astronomy He traveled extensively in the United States and maintained a winter home in

Fort Myers Fla where he cultivated orange trees Hice was known to many for his

engaging personality and strong physique Blue-eyed and fair-haired he was described by

Ashley (1926 p 94) as having ―a breezy hearty manner that made him good company

wherever he went

Background and Early Career

The second child of Judge Henry and Ruth Ann (neacutee Ralston) Hice a prominent

western Pennsylvania family Richard Hice was born on August 19 1865 in the town of

Beavermdashabout 25 miles northwest of Pittsburgh Sadly Hice was only seven when his

mother died in 1872 though his father later remarried A lifelong resident of Beaver he

was educated at local public schools and graduated from Geneva College Beaver Falls

Pa in 1886 with a baccalaureate in natural sciences Held in high esteem for a very

successful career he was later awarded an honorary ScD by his alma mater in 1913

Following graduation from college Hice read law under his father but discontinued his

studies six months before completion It was decided that he should pursue a career

involving outdoor work owing to health concerns (Ashley 1926)

______________ 1

This article slightly modified is reproduced by permission of the Association of American State Geologists

from Cobb J C ed 2008 Association of American State Geologists Centennial Historymdash1908ndash2008

Association of American State Geologists 524 p 2 The previous state geologists were Henry D Rogers (1808ndash66) for the First Geological Survey of

Pennsylvania (1836ndash42 1851ndash58) and J Peter Lesley (1819ndash1903) for the Second Geological Survey of

Pennsylvania (1874ndash1895)

4

Hice initially worked

for a fledgling natural gas

company but around 1891

joined the newly founded

Fallston Fire Clay Company

several miles north of Beaver

(Figure 1) He held several

supervisory and executive

positions with this company

until late 1909 The Fallston

Fire Clay Company

specialized in the

manufacture of face brick and

mined its own clay from the

―lower productive coal

measures (Middle

Pennsylvanian Allegheny

Formation)

By 1890 Hicersquos

enthusiasm for geology

solidified particularly as it

pertained to western

Pennsylvania His earliest

published research dealt with Pleistocene river terraces and preglacial drainage of the

Beaver and Ohio river valleys Within a few years he was a recognized expert on the local

geology and clay occurrences of Beaver County (Hopkins 1898 p 6)

On April 12 1893 Richard Hice married May Kells in her hometown of Citra Fla

Tragically their first child was stillborn the following year Thereafter they had a

daughter Eva Kells Hice

During the 1890s Hice joined the National Brick Manufacturersrsquo Association

(NBMA) an industry trade group Just before the start of the 13th Annual Convention of

the NBMA held in Columbus Ohio in 1899 Hice attended the organizational meeting of

The American Ceramic Society and became a charter member The society was initially a

separate part of the NBMA and its purpose was to promote scientific research in all fields

of ceramics Hice remained deeply committed to the society and its principles throughout

his life and was elected its president for 1915ndash16

Third Geological Survey of Pennsylvania

By the late nineteenth century the geology of the commonwealth had been twice

investigated by state government organizationsmdashnamely the First and Second Geological

Surveys of Pennsylvania Nevertheless growing demand by the public for an accurate

topographic map of the state and by business interests for more detailed information on the

economic geology of western Pennsylvania compelled the Pennsylvania General Assembly

to consider a Third Geological Survey Thus a bill was introduced in the state legislature

Figure 1 Fallston Fire Clay Company near Fallston Beaver

County Pa Clay was mined principally from beneath the Lower

Kittanning coal just uphill behind the main building Additional

clay was mined from under the Lower Freeport coal about 170

feet higher at the top of the incline Photograph taken circa

1895 (from Hopkins 1898 p 119)

5

entitled ―An act to authorize the topographic and geological survey of the State in co-

operation with the United States Geological Survey Signed into law by Governor

William A Stone on April 28 1899 Act 78 called for the governor to appoint a

commission consisting of three unpaid citizens of the state who would confer and negotiate

with the US Geological Survey (USGS) to develop and implement a cooperative

topographic and geologic mapping program The commission would also provide

oversight to protect and ensure state interests Emphasis was on topographic mapping

The law allowed for the expenditure by the state of up to $20000 per year for the first two

years (the legislative biennial cycle) provided that the USGS spent an equivalent amount

Independent of this the USGS also bore all the expenses for printing and publication

The three original commissioners of the Topographic and Geologic Survey

Commission of Pennsylvania were George W McNees Simon Harrold and Fred D

Barker and they signed the cooperative agreement with Charles D Walcott Director of the

USGS on July 12 1899 With the death of Harrold in 1902 Richard Hice was selected to

replace him

As time went on Hice became the secretary and chief representative of the

commission One of his important assignments resulted from President Theodore

Rooseveltrsquos growing national conservation movement From May 13 to 15 1908 the

president convened a Conference of Governors at the White House to call attention to the

management and use of the nationrsquos natural resources Just prior to the conference state

geologists met with the director and staff of the USGS in Washington DC to discuss

conservation issues including the need for increased topographic mapping Commissioner

Hice represented the Topographic and Geologic Survey Commission of Pennsylvania

Before the two-day meeting ended on May 12 1908 the state geologists also organized the

Association of American State Geologists (AASG) to achieve greater political clout

through a unified voice on matters of common interest

Much good work was accomplished by the USGS during the first few years of the

Third Survey including unprecedented quantitative geologic mapping in parts of western

Pennsylvania particularly coal regions and detailed reports on areal economic resources

(Other geologic mapping by the USGS was conducted during the same period in the

eastern part of the state that was not part of the cooperative agreement) Topographic

surveys involving many individuals resulted in dozens of 15-minute quadrangles being

controlled and mapped Some additional highlights and contributions of the Topographic

and Geologic Survey Commission of Pennsylvania were discussed by Sevon (1987)

Though acknowledging the importance and success of the cooperative program

with the USGS the commissioners recognized the urgent need to create an independent

and ―permanent geological survey at the state level to conduct geologic investigations A

state survey with a proper annual appropriation would ensure ongoing collection analysis

dissemination and preservation of detailed geologic information from throughout

Pennsylvania and would encourage conservation in the mineral industries (Pennsylvania

Geological Survey 1911) The act creating the independent state geological survey was

eventually approved and signed into law on May 13 1909

6

The independent state survey operated under the purview of the Topographic and

Geologic Survey Commission The commission now had the legislative authority to

appoint a state geologist and selected one of its ownmdashRichard Hice who accepted the

position in October 1909 Hice by background and temperament was a practical scientist

and businessman and believed that ―the primary purpose of a Geological Survey is the

encouragement of the mineral production of the State (Hice 1912 p 156) Hice

maintained the office of state geologist in his hometown of Beaver

Unfortunately thereafter the Third Survey was chronically underfunded

Inadequate biennial appropriations of the legislature were further cut by successive

governors ―because of insufficient State revenue No new cooperative geologic mapping

was initiated Cooperative topographic mapping continued on a reduced scale

Independent geologic work had to rely principally on Pennsylvania academicians and

college upperclassmen whose studies were often already underway prior to Survey

involvement and support Other consulting geologists were rarely employed for specific

independent projects The Third Survey could generally afford to pay only per diem wages

and some field expenses Other than for some clerical support there was no money for

permanent staff or full-time geologic assistants Hice spent most of his time collecting and

compiling geologic information and statistics in cooperation with the USGS answering

service requests performing administrative duties and editing and producing the various

state reports

In 1915 the appropriation bill for the Survey was vetoed by Governor Brumbaugh

who believed that the proposed funding by the General Assembly was too small for

meaningful work to be accomplished (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1915 p 457ndash458)

The governor admonished the legislature and urged it to restore funding to a reasonable

level Nevertheless the legislature failed to act and the work of the Third Survey ceased

on June 1 of that year Little is known of Hicersquos activities during the next two years

(legislative cycle) He may have continued to function as state geologist for a while but

probably became a consulting geologist to support his family He was also more involved

with The American Ceramic Society as its president for one year though the work was

largely ceremonial

Contrary to the assertions of Sevon (1987) and Faill (1987) the Third Survey did

not come to an end after 1914 Rather funds for the commission were restored during the

1917 legislative session However with the entry of the United States into World War I

and the involvement of the USGS in the war effort little cooperative work was

accomplished in Pennsylvania over the next two years Some additional independent state

investigations were begun but only one state geologic report was completed (Fettke 1918)

Hice continued his same activities as state geologist as before

Two years later new legislation was passed and signed into law by Governor

Sproul on June 7 1919 creating the modern Fourth Geological Survey of Pennsylvania

which was designated the Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey initially in the

Pennsylvania Department of Internal Affairs The act also abolished the Topographic and

Geologic Survey Commission and Hicersquos formal tenure with the Survey came to an end

7

Given the generally lukewarm support of the General Assembly and the inadequate

biennial appropriations Richard Hice and the Topographic and Geologic Survey

Commission of Pennsylvania probably accomplished as much as could be expected The

total estimated cost of the Third Survey excluding printing and publications was about

$540000 ($310000 from the state and $230000 from the USGS) The cooperative work

with the USGS resulted in topographic map coverage for 56 percent of the state (US

Geological Survey 1919 p 125) In addition cooperative geologic mapping was initiated

in 31 quadrangles 27 of the resulting maps were published in folios before 1919 A

number of associated economic bulletins were released as well The USGS also mapped

the geology of several other quadrangles on its own in southeastern south-central and

western Pennsylvania The Topographic and Geologic Survey Commission independently

produced 6 progress reports and 12 numbered reports

Transition

Hice showed no interest in applying for the office of state geologist in the new

Fourth Survey but urged quick action in filling the position so that the appointee could

attend an upcoming AASG meeting Nevertheless Hice was asked to stay on as acting

state geologist until his replacement was selected (Hice 1919 McNees 1919) On

September 5 1919 Dr George H Ashley was formally appointed by the governor as first

state geologist of the Fourth Geological Survey although he actually began work on

September 1 Ashley (1919) asked Hice to finish his current Survey work before leaving

which involved the location and testing of sources of limestone aggregate in western

Pennsylvania for the Highway Department Hice completed his study in October 1919

Final Years

Hice spent the remainder of his career in private practice as a consulting geologist

He devoted much of his attention to the analysis and evaluation of natural gas reserves

throughout the United States In his work he traveled frequently to Louisiana Oklahoma

Texas and West Virginia

By 1922 Hice was in declining

health and the following year he

spent several months resting at his

winter home in Florida to comply with

his doctorrsquos orders (Hice 1922 1923)

However he continued to travel and

consult extensively Thus friends and

colleagues alike were surprised by his

death at his home in Beaver on March

27 1925 He was buried at the Beaver

Cemetery Beaver Pa (Figure 2)

Hice was a charter member and

former president of The American

Ceramic Society and a Fellow of the Geological Society of America He was also a

member of the American Association of State Geologists American Institute of Mining

Figure 2 A simple granite gravestone marks the burial

site of Richard R Hice at Beaver Cemetery

8

Engineers Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania American Association for the

Advancement of Science and American Geographical Society Hice was a lifelong

member of the Presbyterian Church

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank Virginia M Caldwell and Kae H Kirkwood Geneva

College and Greg R Geiger and Mark J Mecklenborg The American Ceramic Society

for providing useful information and historical references pertaining to the life and career

of Richard Roberts Hice Robert C Porter Beaver Falls generously showed the author

around the town of Beaver and identified sites buildings and other information related to

Hice and his family

References

[Ashley G H] 1919 Unpublished letter from [George H Ashley] State Geologist

[Harrisburg Pa] to Richard R Hice Beaver Pa dated September 5 1919

Pennsylvania Geological Survey files 2 p

Ashley G H 1926 Memorial of Richard R Hice Geological Society of America

Bulletin v 37 p 94ndash96

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1915 Vetoes by the governor of bills and resolutions

passed by the legislature session of 1915 Harrisburg W S Ray [state printer]

512 p

Faill RT 1987 The Fourth Geological Survey of Pennsylvaniamdashthe resource years

Pennsylvania Geology v 18 no 1 p 23ndash32

Fettke C R 1918 Glass manufacture and the glass sand industry of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Geological Survey 3rd ser Report 12 278 p

Hice R R 1912 The mineral production of Pennsylvania Appendix G of Pennsylvania

Geological Survey Topographic and Geological Survey of Pennsylvania 1910ndash1912

Pennsylvania Geological Survey 3rd ser Biennial Report 1910ndash12 p 156ndash177

______1919 Unpublished letter from Richard R Hice Beaver Pa to Hon James F

Woodward Secretary Internal Affairs Harrisburg Pa dated August [6] 1919


______1922 Unpublished letter from Richard R Hice Beaver Pa to Dr George H

Ashley State Geologist Harrisburg Pa dated June 28 1922 Pennsylvania

Geological Survey files 2 p

______1923 Unpublished letter from Richard R Hice Fort Myers Fla to Dr George H

Ashley State Geologist Harrisburg Pa dated March 31 1923 Pennsylvania


Hopkins T C 1898 Clays and clay industries of Pennsylvania appendix of Pennsylvania

State College Annual Report of the Pennsylvania State College for the year 1897

Pennsylvania State College Annual Report 1897 183 p

9

McNees G W 1919 Unpublished letter from G W McNees Kittanning Pa to Hon

James F Woodward Department of Internal Affairs Harrisburg Pa dated August 9

1919 Pennsylvania Geological Survey files 1 p

Pennsylvania Geological Survey 1911 Topographic and geologic survey 1908ndash1910

Pennsylvania Geological Survey 3rd ser Biennial Report 1908ndash10 104 p

Sevon W D 1987 The Third Geological Survey of Pennsylvaniamdashthe topographic years


US Geological Survey 1919 Fortieth annual report of the Director of the United States

Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior for the fiscal year ended June 30

1919 US Geological Survey Annual Report 40 200 p

10

Meet the Staff- Part 7- Geologic Mapping Division

Earlier issues (Parts 1 2 3 4 5 and 6) have introduced you to the other divisions of

the Survey Finally we will introduce the core of the Survey the Geologic Mapping

Division

William A Bragonier is the division chief

Bill received his BS in geology from Juniata

College and his MS from Pennsylvania State

University Billrsquos first professional job was with the

Pennsylvania Geological Survey He worked in the

Coal Section of the then Field Mapping Division

where his primary responsibility was field mapping

in the DuBois area with Al Glover a former long-

time Survey geologist After three years Bill left the

Survey to take a position as geologist for the RampP

(Rochester and Pittsburgh) Coal Company in

Indiana Pa Shortly thereafter the company formed

an exploration department and Bill was promoted to

Manager of Exploration In this capacity he was

responsible for the oversight of surface and deep-

mine coal exploration the geological aspects of

mining problems and development of a drill-hole-

record database While at RampP Bill maintained a working relationship with the

Pennsylvania Surveyrsquos Coal Section even contracting through RampP with the Survey to

provide structural-contour coal-crop-line and mined-out-area maps for more than forty 7frac12-

minute quadrangles in central-western Pennsylvania His employment with RampP

culminated with the supervision of and active participation in two countywide coal

assessment studies that involved the creation of paleogeographic maps for all coal seams

within the project areas

In the late 1990s Bill left RampP to work for the East Fairfield Coal Company near

Youngstown Oh While primarily responsible for computerized mapping of the companyrsquos

underground coal and limestone mines Bill was also involved with exploration and in-

mine geologic mapping In 2006 Billrsquos professional life came full circle when he accepted

the position of manager of the Geologic Mapping Division of the Pennsylvania Survey

Since returning to the Survey Bill has contributed heavily to the development of a

modern core storage facility for the Survey and is developing a Microsoft Access database

that contains detailed logs of more than 10000 coal-related drill holes in western

Pennsylvania Responding to an aggressive recruitment program by Gary Fleeger Bill

served two years as secretary of the Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists and was

responsible for most of the logistics of the annual event

11

Western Mapping Section

The Western Mapping Section consists of five geologists who map in the bituminous

coal region of the western Appalachian Plateau and in the Ridge and Valley

Rose-Anna Behr a Geologic

Scientist is the most recently hired

geologist She was welcomed to the Survey

in February 2007 A native of Ohio she is

a graduate of Oberlin College and New

Mexico Tech Prior to joining the Survey

she worked as a park naturalist in York

County for Gifford Pinchot State Park and

Richard M Nixon County Park where she

continues to volunteer Her initial

assignments at the Survey have been to

complete some coal availability projects left

unfinished by recent retirements She is

mapping the Frenchville 7frac12-minute

quadrangle in Clearfield County and in

Tioga and Schuylkill Counties in support of

the Surveyrsquos carbon sequestration studies

She expects to complete those projects later

this year and will then switch to mapping in

the Ridge and Valley province where as

Rose-Anna says the rocks have been

―improved In addition Rose-Anna has worked on magnetometry as part of

geoarcheological studies in York and Lancaster Counties completed several state park lake

bathymetric surveys and is involved in the PA Wilds and public outreach She has

instituted the participation by the Survey in training state park Environmental Education

Specialists in geological education and understanding the geology of their parks

Clifford H Dodge a

native of Lancaster Pa joined

the Survey in April 1979 and is a

Senior Geologic Scientist

Previously he was employed for

more than three years by the US

Geological Survey (USGS)

Water Resources Division where

he conducted reconnaissance

geologic mapping and

groundwater investigations for

the Clarion River and Redbank

Creek Water Resources Project

in north-central Pennsylvania

Cliff received a BA degree in

the geological sciences in 1972 from Lehigh University and an MS degree in the

12

geological sciences in 1976 from Northwestern University He is a registered Professional

Geologist in Pennsylvania and a Certified Professional Geologist through the American

Institute of Professional Geologists

As a member of the Geologic Mapping Division Cliff has engaged in numerous

geologic investigations and mapping projects in north-central and western Pennsylvania

Much of his research has centered on the geology availability (resources) and mining

history of the bituminous-coal measures particularly in Greene Allegheny and Butler

Counties and more recently Elk Cameron and Clarion Counties Recognized for the

value of some of his earlier investigations Cliff received the ―Secretaryrsquos Award for

Performance Excellence from the former Department of Environmental Resources in

1987 He has also been active in investigating and mapping the Upper Devonian and

Mississippian geology in parts of north-central and northwestern Pennsylvania and has

been working on a revised lithostratigraphic framework of the area Related to these

efforts he prepared a bedrock geologic map and structure-contour map for Warren County

as part of a cooperative groundwater study between the Pennsylvania Survey and the

USGS Along with several other staff members in our Pittsburgh and Middletown offices

Cliff is involved in investigating the potential for geologic carbon sequestration in the

Commonwealth

In addition to his research activities Cliff assists in answering geologic service

requests from the public implementing and supervising exploratory-drilling and coal-

sampling projects and collecting and organizing geologic data from numerous outside

sources Furthermore Cliff has a keen interest in the history of geology especially as it

relates to the Pennsylvania Geological Survey and the Commonwealth during the

nineteenth and early twentieth centuriesmdashan age of great industrial expansion and social

change (see article on page 3)

Antonette K Markowski is a Senior

Geologic Scientist specializing in coalbed

methane (CBM) resources Toni graduated

from Shippensburg University with a BS

degree in Earth Science Secondary

Education in 1978 She interned the same

year with the Department of Environmental

Resources (DER) Bureau of Water Quality

From here she transitioned into geology

with a teaching assistantship at Millersville

University from 1979 to 1981 Toni then

interned in 1980 and 1981 with the Surveyrsquos

Harrisburg office Afterwards she went on

to Southern Illinois University (SIU) at

Carbondale and earned an MS degree in

geology in 1990

Toni landed her first permanent job in

geology as a Geologic Trainee with the DER

Bureau of Mining and Reclamationrsquos

Greensburg District Mining Office in 1984

13

She later worked for the DER Bureau of Oil and Gas Management in Pittsburgh from

January 1985 to June 1986 Toni started full time at the Surveyrsquos Pittsburgh office in June

1986 in the Pittsburgh office Here she interpreted well records for the oil and gas well

database now known as the Wells Information System (WIS) assisted in oil and gas

reservoir rock research with the aid of geophysical logs assisted in the Gas Atlas of Major

Appalachian Basin Gas Plays in which the Gas Atlas Team received the DCNR

―Secretaryrsquos Award for Excellence (1997) and began giving summary talks on oil and gas

developments at various symposiums

By the early 1990s industry was developing a keen interest in CBM as an

unconventional resource At the turn of the 21st century CBM activity took off at the

national and state levels Toni performs joint and independent projects in a variety of

CBM coal quality and coal-related projects answering requests for information on the

same and presenting talks to a variety of organizations One of the first major CBM

projects from the bureau is Geological Aspects of Coalbed Methane in the Northern

Appalachian Coal Basin Southwestern Pennsylvania and North-Central West Virginia

(1995) This was a joint mapping project with the West Virginia Geological Survey and

was supported by the Gas Research Institute The other Mineral Resource Report 95

Reconnaissance of the Coal-Bed Methane Resources in Pennsylvania (2001) includes

CBM origin and generation geologic influences methane drainage recovery techniques

and programs field samples and results and assessment of potential Both of these reports

are used to identify areas of methane potential for the oil and gas industry coal mining

industry consultants other energy seekers utilities and the interested public

Other related ongoing and planned projects include the analysis of mercury in coal

for the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) design of a new and expanded

version of a state CBM-wells database collection and analysis of new gas-content data

from departmental drilling projects and industry andor federal partnerships and giving

presentations to various industry organizations such as the North American CBM Forum

American Association of Petroleum Geologists Appalachian Gas Measurement Short

Course and other professional geologic organizations civic groups town meetings and a

public hearing Toni also enjoys judging at the annual Capital Area Science and

Engineering Fair and local high school science fairs as an outreach activity

James R Shaulis a Senior Geologic

Scientist received a BS degree in Geology from

Penn State University in June of 1971 and then

pursued an MED program in Earth and Space

Science until 1974 when he left to work as the

directorcurator of the Pember Museum of Natural

History in upstate New York Before arriving at

the Pennsylvania Survey in June 1979 Jim also

spent time as an exploration geologist for PBS

Coal Company and for Skelly and Loy

Consultants Jimrsquos early Survey responsibilities

centered on producing coal-resource investigation

reports for Fayette and Somerset Counties as well

as helping to produce geologic maps for

14

groundwater resource reports in those areas More recently he has focused on geologic

mapping related to earth science education opportunities that occur within rail-trail

corridors conservation landscapes (CLIrsquos) and state-owned lands He is also now involved

with the bureaursquos efforts to support the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program which is

responsible for the identification and management of Commonwealth geoheritage sites

More than 100 sites of geologic significance are being monitored for potential impacts to

their geoheritage values

Gary M Fleeger has been the Western

Mapping Section chief since 2006 He is a

graduate of Bucknell University and the

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Gary has worked for the Commonwealth since

1988 He is the Surveyrsquos glacial geologist

specializing in the glacial stratigraphy and

history of northwestern PA

Gary is the representative for the

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on the Great

Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition The

Coalition comprises the USGS and the eight

Great Lakes states Its purpose is to share

resources and expertise in mapping the glacial

geology of the region in three dimensions to the

bedrock surface

Prior to joining the Survey Gary worked

for the Illinois State Geological Survey Earth

Sciences Consultants (coal consulting) Geomap

Company (oil and gas consulting) the Colorado

Department of Health (drinking water

regulation) and the Pennsylvania DERDEP oil

and gas and mining regulatory agencies

Since joining the Survey in 1996 he has worked in the Hydrogeology (effects of the

1998 Pymatuning earthquake and a statistical analysis of the well construction hydrologic

and geochemical properties of the rocks of Pennsylvania) and Western Mapping Sections

In addition to his supervisory duties and glacial studies he is in charge of PaGWIS

(Pennsylvania GroundWater Information System) and WebDriller the Surveyrsquos water well

databases He also seems to have been typecast as the go-to person for field trip planning

having run the annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists for a decade and

recently organized field trips for the annual Highway Geology Symposium Association of

American State Geologists and Geological Society of America

15

Eastern Mapping Section

The Eastern Mapping Section consists of four geologists who map in the Piedmont

Ridge and Valley and northern Appalachian Plateau

William Kochanov is a Senior Geologic

Scientist Bill received his BS from Youngstown

State University and his MS in geology from

West Virginia University

Early on in his career Bill had spent time as

a mudlogger in the east Texas oil fields He was

also employed by the Pennsylvania DEP Bureau

of Water Quality Management working with a

team of hydrogeologists to assess the impact of

surface impoundments and underground injection

wells on groundwater quality Prior to working

with the Survey Bill was with the Pennsylvania

DEP (now Environmental Protection- DEP)

Bureau of Mining and Reclamation in Cambria

County reviewing geologic and hydrogeologic

modules associated with new and existing surface

mining permits

Since starting with the Geological Survey in

1985 Bill has been actively mapping geologically

hazardous areas within the limestone regions of

central and eastern Pennsylvania and has authored 14 county reports specific to sinkholes

and their occurrences In addition Bill has mapped portions of the bedrock geology in the

northern anthracite coal field the Endless Mountains region and in the Chester Valley of

southeastern Pennsylvania In 1989 he was part of a

writing team to develop nationwide curriculum

standards for earth science education and since then has

been strongly involved with the Surveyrsquos outreach

programs

Anne B Lutz is a Geologic Scientist in the

bureau As a result of a reorganization of the bureau in

2008 she was assigned to Geologic Mapping Services

where she works on a paleontology bibliography

database Her goal is to provide a searchable online

database for the use of people interested in what kinds

of fossils have been found in Pennsylvania and in what

publications they are listed or described

Anne spent the first 15 years of her tenure here as

a geologisteditor in the Publications Services group

which was disbanded in 2008 In that group her duties

involved the technical review and editorial preparation

16

of formal geologic reports and maps She worked closely with geologist authors and

cartographers and oversaw the printing and distribution of the final products

Anne earned a PhD degree in geology (paleontology) from Pennsylvania State

University and has held a variety of jobs since her graduate school years She first taught

geology at Indiana University Northwest held a brief post-doctoral fellowship at the Field

Museum of Natural History in Chicago and spent a year as a research associate at Furman

University in South Carolina before moving to Houston In Houston she worked as a post-

doctoral fellow at the Lunar and Planetary Institute studying photographs of Mars with Dr

Peter Schultz and helping with Spaceweek celebrations taking advantage of the

opportunity to meet a number of astronauts Anne then became a database programmer for

a NASA contractor company and taught geology part time at the University of Houstonndash

Clear Lake After that she taught full time at Texas AampM in Galveston She moved to

Pennsylvania in 1993

Thomas A McElroy came to the Survey

directly from graduate school in July of 1980

He holds a BA in geology from Binghamton

University and an MS in geology from the

University of Massachusetts at Amherst and is a

Senior Geologic Scientist Prior to entry into

academia he was an electronics technician in

the Air Force for four years during which time

he served a tour in Vietnam

Until 1997 Tom was a Hydrogeologist

assigned to evaluating groundwater resources in

the bituminous coal fields of Pennsylvania He

is the author of reports for Fayette Cambria and

Somerset Counties and is a co-author with

Donald R Williams of the USGS-published

report on the water resources of Indiana County

As part of these reports he mapped the bedrock

below the coal measures He next labored on

Hydrogeologic and well-construction

characteristics of the rocks of Pennsylvania

which was coauthored by Gary M Fleeger and Michael E Moore

In 2001 Tom left hydrogeology behind and became a field geologist The first 7frac12-

minute quadrangle he mapped was Great Bend in northeastern Pennsylvania

Subsequently he began mapping in the Appalachian Mountain section starting with the

Lewistown quadrangle He and his coauthor retired State Geologist Donald M Hoskins

have since mapped the bedrock geology of the Belleville Allensville Newton-Hamilton

and McVeytown quadrangles

Tom has assisted numerous communities in the state by determining available

groundwater resources and locating well sites He has presented papers at several meetings

written articles for Pennsylvania Geology and was a leader of the 2007 Field Conference

of Pennsylvania Geologists

17

Gale C Blackmer is the section chief of

the Eastern Mapping Section She had her first

overview of Pennsylvania geology as an

undergraduate student at the University of

Pennsylvania She pursued a masterrsquos degree at

Penn State studying roof stability in a coal mine

in Indiana County After deciding that she

would rather be a scientist than an engineer she

proceeded to investigate the thermal history of

the Appalachian Basin in Pennsylvania using

fission track analysis for her PhD She went on

to a series of temporary teaching positions at

West Chester University Bloomsburg

University and Dickinson College taught at

field camp for Penn State and the Yellowstone-

Bighorn Research Association several times

and spent a year as project manager for a small

hydrocarbon remediation firm in Philadelphia During that time she started collaborating

with colleagues at West Chester University on geologic mapping in the Piedmont

Gale started as a Geologist I at the Survey in 1999 charged with bedrock mapping

and outreach in southeastern Pennsylvania She started the Surveyrsquos Piedmont project

under the STATEMAP component of the US Geological Surveyrsquos National Cooperative

Geologic Mapping Program in 2002 As supervisor Gale continues to do bedrock mapping

in southeastern Pennsylvania runs the Surveyrsquos multi-project STATEMAP program and

coordinates the geologic aspects of development for the Surveyrsquos stratigraphic database

She also helps with leading teacher workshops and field trips for non-geologists within

state and local government when the need arises Over the past ten years Gale and a

dedicated group of cooperating geologists have made great progress on revising and

improving upon our understanding of Piedmont geology through a combination of detailed

bedrock mapping isotopic dating geochemical analysis and study of metamorphic history

This year she is starting a project with Dr G Robert Ganis to add a structural geology

component to his groundbreaking biostratigraphic work on the Ordovician rocks of the

Great Valley in Dauphin and Lebanon Counties and to capture his interpretations in

geologic map form

GIS Section

The GIS Section was previously covered in Part 6 in vol 38 no 1 Since that time

the section has been moved into the Geologic Mapping Division and Caron OrsquoNeil has

moved into that section The other members of that section Tom Whitfield Victoria

Neboga and Section Chief Mike Moore were profiled in Part 6

Caron E OrsquoNeil is a Senior Geologic Scientist She joined GIS Services in July

2008 as part of a realignment within the Survey Her primary duty thus far has been the

preparation of maps texts GIS datasets and web pages for online open-file reports such

18

as the bedrock geologic map reports for part of the Philadelphia quadrangle in southeastern

Pennsylvania and part of the Mill Hall quadrangle in central Pennsylvania

Caron began her geologic career as a teaching

assistant in graduate school conducting labs in

physical geology geomorphology structural geology

and historical geology Her thesis work on lineaments

in northwestern Pennsylvania qualified her for two

short-term contracts related to lineament studies with

the US Department of Energy Caron received an

MS degree in geology from the University of

Pittsburgh in December 1986

Prior to her current position Caron was a

Geologist Editor at the Survey for almost 22 years

Her work included technical review and editorial

preparation of formal reports As an editor she

worked with authors (geologists) instructed staff

cartographers and oversaw the printing of geologic

manuscripts and maps She also wrote announcements for this magazine Since 2004 some

of the Survey formal reports have included maps that were prepared using ESRI ArcInfo or

ArcGIS software and consequently Caron gained some experience with GIS that eased her

transition into her new role

The Geoheritage Corner

Geoheritage is a concept that

makes the connection between

geology and cultural values It

embraces the idea that society

values certain geologic sites and

features for their educational

recreational aesthetic cultural

historical and ecological

significance (Sharples 2002)

However though most people

would not argue against their preservation human activity continuously changes the

landscape and has caused the degradation and even the disappearance of some of our

important sites The Pennsylvania Geological Survey is working in support of the

Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) to conserve geologic heritage sites in our

state Within the bureau a geoheritage committee has been formed to oversee this

geoconservation effort More than 100 geologic sites are being managed for their

geoheritage values through the PNHP

19

Geologic sites in Pennsylvania are part of our Commonwealthrsquos natural heritage

Pennsylvania has a great variety that is perhaps unsurpassed by that of any other state

(Shultz 1999) Rock exposures are an important link to the history of the planet providing

information about the origin of life past climates and the geologic processes that have

shaped the land They have value by providing us with recreational opportunities such as

rock climbing hiking rafting mineral and fossil collecting and scenic viewing

Rock climbing on the Pottsville Formation Rafting among Pottsville boulders on the

Ohiopyle State Park Fayette County Youghiogheny River Ohiopyle State Park

Fayette County

―Grand View area Ricketts Glen State Park Luzerne County

Hickory Run Boulder Field Hickory Run State Park Carbon County

20

They provide physical spatial links to our culture and recent history such as

battlefields or industrial mine sites They also can be prominent topographic features that

have become landmarks over time providing a sense of place for residents

Finally they can serve as important components of ecological habitats the different

forms and compositions of bedrock enabling greater biological diversity

Copperhead on Catskill boulder Somerset County

Awareness is the first step in conservation Knowing which sites are considered to be

the most outstanding examples of the commonwealthrsquos geoheritage and why is necessary

if we are to conserve them ―The Geoheritage Corner― will attempt to start providing this

information by looking at different geoheritage sites However to best appreciate how

geology is connected to our world it needs to be experienced in the field in the natural

context of the landscape and the environment It is also hoped that after learning more

about our statersquos most special geologic places you will be inspired to go visit them and

have that best experience

Diabase in Gettysburg National Military Park Adams County

21

References

Schultz CH 1999 Overview in The geology of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Geological

Survey 4th series Special Publication 1 pp 13 ndash 21

Sharples C 2002 Concepts and principles of geoconservation Tasmanian Parks and

Wildlife Service 81 p

Survey News

Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists-

The 74th

annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania

Geologists will be held from Oct 8 ndash 10 in

Titusville Crawford County to commemorate the

sesquicentennial of the drilling of the Drake Well

The trip will include a combination of glacial and

bedrock geology as well as a stop at the Drake

Well museum Look for more information and

registration forms in August on the Field

Conference website at httpfcopgorg

Contact Jaime Kostelnik (412-442-5828)

(jkostelnikstatepaus)

Carbon Sequestration- In the fall of 2008 the Survey started evaluating the state for

carbon-sequestration potential A number of areas will be selected for more in-depth

evaluation The work is being coordinated by the Carbon Sequestration Section in our

Pittsburgh office

Contact Kristin Carter (412-442-4234) (krcarterstatepaus)

Drake Well in 1861

22

Core Library- Moving the Surveyrsquos core library from a facility in Hollywood Clearfield

County to our main office building in Middletown is nearing completion The Hollywood

facility was an unheated warehouse where core boxes were stacked up to 20 boxes high on

the floor Our Middletown facility is a well-lighted comfortable facility with shelving for

the core boxes

Eight tractor-trailer loads of core have been moved to Middletown and are now being

organized catalogued photographed and shelved The core will continue to be available

to researchers for analysis but now in more convenient and comfortable facilities

Contact Bill Bragonier (717-702-2034) (wbragonierstatepaus)

Drilling Program- The Survey started a drilling program

for the summer of 2009 We are drilling a total of about

3500 feet in four core holes in Fayette Centre

Lycoming and Lackawanna Counties These core holes

will provide valuable data in areas of active projects

including the carbon-sequestration studies in parts of

Pennsylvania lacking in detailed subsurface data

Eventually the core will be available to researchers in our

core library in Middletown

Contact Bill Bragonier (717-702-2034)

(wbragonierstatepaus)

Before- Hollywood core storage facility

After- Middletown core storage facility

Core drilling at Bald Eagle State Park

Centre County

23

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

Edward G Rendell Governor

DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES

John Quigley Acting Secretary

OFFICE OF CONSERVATION AND TECHNICAL SERVICES

Cindy Adams Dunn Deputy Secretary

BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SURVEY

Jay B Parrish Director

Bureau web site wwwdcnrstatepaustopogeo

DCNR web site wwwdcnrstatepaus

Pennsylvania home page wwwstatepaus

Table of Contents

Editorial ndash More or Lesshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1

Richard Roberts Hice - Third State Geologist of Pennsylvaniahelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3

Meet the Staff- Part 7- Geologic Mapping Divisionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip10

Geoheritage Cornerhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 19

Survey Newshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip21

_______________________________________________________________________ PENNSYLVANIA GEOLOGY is published quarterly by the Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 3240 Schoolhouse Road Middletown

PA 17057ndash3534

This Editionrsquos Editor Gary M Fleeger

Links to web sites in articles in this issue were valid as of the date of release of this issue

Contributed articles are welcome Guidelines for manuscript preparation may be obtained at

wwwdcnrstatepaustopogeopubpageolmagpageolguideaspx or by contacting the editor at the address

listed above To subscribe send an email to RA-pageologystatepaus

Vol 39 No 2 Summer 2009

1

Editorial

More or Less















2

On another note



















3


By Clifford H Dodge


Introduction















wherever he went












______________ 1






4











Fire Clay Company

specialized in the




measures (Middle


Formation)

By 1890 Hicersquos































5















replace him




























6




















state reports










largely ceremonial













7













Transition










Final Years






















8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

1

Editorial

More or Less















2

On another note



















3


By Clifford H Dodge


Introduction















wherever he went












______________ 1






4











Fire Clay Company

specialized in the




measures (Middle


Formation)

By 1890 Hicersquos































5















replace him




























6




















state reports










largely ceremonial













7













Transition










Final Years






















8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

2

On another note



















3


By Clifford H Dodge


Introduction















wherever he went












______________ 1






4











Fire Clay Company

specialized in the




measures (Middle


Formation)

By 1890 Hicersquos































5















replace him




























6




















state reports










largely ceremonial













7













Transition










Final Years






















8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

3


By Clifford H Dodge


Introduction















wherever he went












______________ 1






4











Fire Clay Company

specialized in the




measures (Middle


Formation)

By 1890 Hicersquos































5















replace him




























6




















state reports










largely ceremonial













7













Transition










Final Years






















8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

4











Fire Clay Company

specialized in the




measures (Middle


Formation)

By 1890 Hicersquos































5















replace him




























6




















state reports










largely ceremonial













7













Transition










Final Years






















8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

5















replace him




























6




















state reports










largely ceremonial













7













Transition










Final Years






















8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

6




















state reports










largely ceremonial













7













Transition










Final Years






















8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

7













Transition










Final Years






















8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

8




Acknowledgments






Hice and his family

References








512 p




















9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

9











10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

10




Division




































11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

11






























Clifford H Dodge a
















12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

12


















Commonwealth























geology in 1990





13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

13














































14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

14























bedrock surface

















15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

15




















mining permits











programs













16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

16













































17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

17


































geologic map form

GIS Section








18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

18








































19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

19









Fayette County



20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

20
















21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

21

References





Survey News


The 74th















Pittsburgh office


Drake Well in 1861

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

22





the core boxes



















Centre County

23

23

Date post:	07-Feb-2017
Category:	Documents
Upload:	trinhtruc
View:	219 times
Download:	2 times

Vol. 39, No. 2 Richard Roberts Hice, circa 1910, Commissioner ...

Documents