Vol 39, No.4 Summer 2004 kentucky ancestors genealogical quarterly of the KentuckyHistoricalSociety Thomas E. Stephens, Editor kentucky ancestors Dan Bundy, Graphic Design Kent Whitworth, Director James E. Wallace, Assistant Director administration Betry Fugate, Membership Coordinator research and interpretation Nelson L. Dawson, Team Leader management team Kenneth H. Williams, Ptogram Leader board of trustees Doug Stern, Walter Baker, Lisbon H a rdy, Michael Harreld, Lois Mateus, Dr. Thomas D. Cl ar k, C. Michael Davenport, Ted Harris, Ann Maen za, Bud Pogue, Mike Duncan, Jam es E. Wallace, Maj. Gen. Verna Fairchild, Mary Helen Miller, Ryan Harris, and Raoul Cunningham Kentucky Ancertors (ISSN-0023-0103) is published quarterl y by the Ke ntu cky H istorical Society and is distributed free to Society members. Periodical postage paid at Frankfort, Kentucky, and ar additional mailing offi ce s. Postmas- rer: Se nd addre ss chan ge s to Ke ntu cky An ces tors, Kentucky Historical Society, 100 West Broadway, Frankfo rt, KY 40601-1931. Pl ea se direct ch anges of addre ss and oth er notices concerning membership or mailings to the Membership De- partment, Kentucky Historical Society, 100 West Broadway, Frankfort, KY 40601-193 1; telephone (5 02) 564-1 792. Submi ss ions and co rrespondence sbould be directed to: Tom Stephens, editor, Kentu cky Ances tors, Kentucky Histori- cal Society, 100 West Broadway, Ftankfort, KY 406 0 1-1931. The Ke ntucky Historical So ci ety, an age ncy of the Commerce Cabinet, do es nor discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age , religion, or di sa bility, and provides, on request, reasonable accommod ations, includ- in g auxiliaty aids and se rvi ces necessary to afford an individual with a disa bility an equal opportunity to participate in all services, progra ms , an d activities. KentuckyH istorica I Society
Transcript
Vol 39 No4 Summer 2004
kentucky ancestors genealogical quarterly of the KentuckyHistoricalSociety
Thomas E Stephens Editor kentucky ancestors Dan Bundy Graphic Design
Kent Whitworth Director James E Wallace Assistant Director
research and interpretation Nelson L Dawson Team Leader management team Kenneth H Williams Ptogram Leader
board of trustees
Doug Stern Walter Baker Lisbon Hardy Michael Harreld Lois Mateus Dr Thomas D Clark C Michael Davenport Ted Harris Ann Maenza Bud Pogue Mike Duncan James E Wallace Maj Gen Verna Fairchild Mary Helen Miller Ryan Harris and Raoul Cunningham
Kentucky Ancertors (ISSN-0023-0103) is published quarterly by the Kentucky H istorical Society and is distributed free to Society members Periodical postage paid at Frankfort Kentucky and ar additional mailing offices Postmasshyrer Send address changes to Kentucky Ancestors Kentucky Historical Society 100 West Broadway Frankfo rt KY 40601-1931
Please direct changes of address and other notices concerning membership or mailings to the Membership Deshypartment Kentucky Historical Society 100 West Broadway Frankfort KY 40601-1 93 1 telephone (502) 564-1 792 Submissions and correspondence sbould be directed to Tom Stephens edi tor Kentucky Ancestors Kentucky Historishycal Society 100 West Broadway Ftankfort KY 4060 1-1931
The Kentucky Historical Society an agency of the Commerce Cabinet does nor discriminate on the basis of race color national origin sex age religion or disability and provides on request reasonable accommodations includshying auxiliaty aids and services necessary to afford an individual with a disability an equal opportunity to participate in all services programs and activities
KentuckyHistoricaISociety
contents vol 39 no 4summer 2004
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia 1820-43
Dr Adell Patton Jr 174
Abstracts from the Kentucky Statesman March 2() 1850
Transcribed by Thomas Ii Appleton Jr 182
Alvey Family of England Maryland and Kentucky Part Five
Robert Lee Alvey Sr 189
Queries 203
Book Notes 205
Announcements 207
Mystery Albwn 208
Surname Index Volume 39 209
on the cover This detail of an 1870 map by D McClelland shows the settlement of treed Kentucky
In Llbena The state sem 193 immigrams to Libcria in J833 and J840-41 one ofwhom-Alfred Francis KLlSSi1--senea as president of the republic ill 1883 and 1884 The sires shown at center came to be known as Kentucky and Clay-Ashland The entire map can be viewed on the American Memory portion of the Library of
ry~Web wwwlocgovThearticleKentuckyAfricanAmcticanImmigrants to Liberia 1820-43 begins on oae (Courtesy Geography and Map Division Library ofCongress)
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia 1820-43
By Dr Adell Patton Jr
Dr Patton a 1959 graduate ofKentucky State University in Frankfort received his PhD in African History from the University ofWisconsin-Madison in 1975 He is a professor ofhistory at the University ofMissouri-St Louis Dr Patton wishes to acknowledge the assistance ofDr Henry E Cheaney along with Jennifer SpearmanshySimms and Paul Wilmarth staffmembers at University ofMissouri-St Lotus Faculty Resource Center
The Mrican diaspora remains a neglected theme in the genealogy of Kentucky MriCln American immigrants to Liberia West Mrica from 1820 to
1843 Diaspora refers to a scattering or dispersal of people fro m their homeland It has three pans The voluntary or forceful immigration from the homeland (some 15 million slaves taken from Mrica to the Western Hemisphere) the assimilation and identiry in the alien and oftentimes hostile territory and the return to the homeland which can be either psychological or actual physical moveshyment Through time the Kentucky Mrican American immigrants to Liberia experienced all of these manifestations
It all began with the formation of the American Colonizarion Society (ACS) ar Washington DC in 1816 As one may recall the Hairian Revolution from 1790-1804 not only freed some 500000 slaves that resulted in not only the res([ucturing of the social classes but in creating the second republic in the Western Hemisphere it sent shock waves and undermined the confidence of the financial systems of Europe in regard to investing in slavery Hence
Cartographic Laboratory University of Wisconsm -Madson West Africa in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth
the first avowed purpose of the ACS was to provide support for the removal of free born and the newly emancipated from the various slave states to Liberia which formed auxiliary societies to the ACS
This restructuring of the Haitian social classes and its resulting shock waves undermined the confidence of rhe financial systems of Europe in regard to investing in slavery The first avowed purpose of the ACS was to provide support for the removal of the free born and newly emancipated from the various US slave states to Liberia which formed auxiliary societies to the ACS The Kentucky Colonization Society was formed in 1829 and three years larer had 3 1 affiliates a number exceeded by only Virginia and Ohio
One Kenrucky emigrant to Liberia was Milly C rawford an octoroon (one-eighth black) from Lexington who passed through Frankfort on March 101833 An exa mple of what has been Cl lled the Scandalous Paradox Crawford wrote that many women were serving as heads of the families that included children of slave owners I
Crawford followed a circuitous route from Kenshytucky to Liberia From Frankfort she and her four children-Sinrhia Gibert George and Henry-set out for Louisville where they boarded the river boat Mediterranean Upon arriving in New Orleans they were joined by 27 other immigrants 6 from TN 19 from OH 2 from New Orleans
The group boarded the brig Ajax on April 20 1833 for Liberia White missionaries AH Savage and HD King agents for the Tennessee Colonizashytion Society spearheaded their embarkation The cost of rhe expedirion ($5000) was defrayed by the American Colonization Society with a donation of $2300 from KY Colonization Society Cholera whooping cough or a bowel disorder forced the brig
Centuries to put for many days at a West Indian island and 30
2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4 174
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
(mostly children) died during the passage Ship records show that 11 9 passengers from
Kentucky arrived in Liberia on July 1 1 1833 16 born free the rest manumirred-24 by Richard Bibb (a white clergyman from Logan Co who gave them clothes amp $400) 12 by William O Dudley (a planter in Adair Co) and 7 by Mary O Wickliffe of Lexingron Kentucky The setriers were put under quarantine upon arrival by Dr Mechlin who then sent them ro Caldwell amp Millsburg on rhe Sr Pauls River (formerly Bassa counrry) where 26 soon died 2 others returned ro the US and 1 migrated to
[Freerownl Sierra Leone Much of this dara is reflecred in rhe lisr
By 1832 Kentucky had a slave popularion of 170130 which amounted to 25 percent of the total ~ ~ N i- ~~7
I bull bull popularion 4 The state sent 193 immigrants to
Liberia in 1833 and 1840-41 which amounted ro Cartographic Laboratory University of Wisconsin-MadiSon 43 percent of the rotal Languages and Ethnic Groups in Liberia
Although 45 71 emigrants arrived between 1820 and 1843 mOf(aliry had reduced the population ro left bank of the St Paul River and Millsberg on the only 18 19 by the latter yeat giving the settlement right bank and later at Bassa and Monrovia its reputation as the Black Mans Grave Monrovia became the capital of Africas first republic
The Kenrucky groups settled at Caldwell on the when Liberia was founded in 1847
M~- 1iIfOto
shy~~~ I_IIN
-bull 1 rw ~WI
~shy
Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kentucky Special Collections and Archives
Milly Crawford on her way to Liberia from Lexington Kentucky A letter to Mary Owen Todd Russell Wickliffi
March 10 1833 Saterday night My Dear Mimress we have all arrived at frankfort in safety and health little George Lucy and all the chilshy
dren are well My dear Mimms how shall we thank you for all your kindness too us We sometimes despond being all females and children haveing no male protecter ofour own but we try to put our trust in the Alshymighty and go on in his srength whatever betide us My Dear Mystress you have done your whole duty and may the [Almighty bless and rewardyou a thousand fold Lucy all love and thanks to you for your goodness care and kindness to us all the children all desires me remember them to Mystress
Mystress we all desire you thank Mayster for his goodness and kindness to us 1 hope the Lord will bless him give our love to miss Margaret miss Mary Mys Sally Wooly [Robert Wickliffes
three living white children and all Our friends the Lord has raised up manny friend to tIS in fankford we are treated with so much kindness by all who see us the gentleman at whose house we now lodge Mr Gray trets us with the utmost kindness - he had us all in his dining room prayed with and for us - the gentleman you wrote too receivedyour letter recommending us to him he took us home with him gave us mpper and we returned again mr grays you will hear again from us att Louisville May the bless preserve and reward you for all kindness is the prare ofyour unworthy but afficunate servant
Milly C
175 2004 Kentucky AncestDrs V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
In 1853 JD Simpson fo unded a new settlement on the right bank of the St Paul River It came to be called Clay Ashland and attracted both New York and Kentucky emigrants Augustus Houston the first person to jump off the boat at Clay Ashland said Well Im free 8 The settlement was also an attraction for native Africans who took advantage of their relationships with settlers from the United States One man asked if he wo uld return to his former country in Africa replied No if go back to my country they make me slave-I am here free-no one dare trouble me I got my land-my wife-my children learn book-I am here a white man9
The purpose of this document is to provide a list of those Kentucky African Americans who dared to make this risky return to Liberia between 1833 and 1841
1 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kenwcky Special Colleccions and Archives Milly Crawford s len er appears on the websire wwwukyedu LCCHISscraps liberia See also Evans William McKee From (he Land of Canaan to tne Land of Guinea T he Su ange Odyssey of (he Som of Ham The American Hiswricai Review Vol 85 1 (February 1980) pages 19-20
2 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers 3 Wickliffe-Presron Family Papers 4 Lucas Marion B A Hisrory of Blacks in Kentncky Vol 1
From Slavery ro Segregation Frankfon Kentucky Historical Sociecy 1992 See also KAAHT Kenruckys Mrican Arnerican
Heritage A Tirneline Kenrucky H isrorical Sociecy An agency of (he Educarion AHS amp Humaniries Cabinet 100 West
Broadway Frankfort KY 40601 (502) 564-1792
lt bull bull ~ ~
Cartographic Laboratory University of Wsconsm-Madison
Liberia Settler Enclaves 1843 Note Kentucky Immigrants Sites at Monrovia and Millsburg and Ca ldwell on the Sl Paul River
CT(JllonlI~
liO no c
Cartographic Laboratory University 01 WlsconsnmiddotMadsOrl
Sl Paul River Settlements in the Nineteenth Century including Clay-Ashland
5 Shick Tom W A Q uantitative analysis of Liberian
colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference [Q
morrality Journal of African History Vol XIl No C pages 45-60
6 Patton Adell Jr Firestone Rubber Li[[le Rock And rhe Evoluion of Racisrs Ideas In Liberia West Africa The Fitst Civil Rights Law In Africa and Neglected Theme in African History 1-46 (fo rthcoming)
7 Lucas Mation B A Hiscory of Blacks in Kentucky Vol 1 From Slavery to Segregation Frankfort Kenrucky Historical
Socie) 1992 pages 5-9 8 Shick Tom W Behold rhe Promised Land A History of
Afro-American Setder Sociecy in N ineteenth-Cenrury Liberia Balrirnore The Johns Hopkins Universiry Press 1980 p 77
9 Shick Tom W A Quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference co mortality Journal of Mrican Hiswty Vol XlI No ] gt p 59
2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39middot4 176
Kentucky Mrican American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
Source Liberian Studies Research Working Paper No2 Emigrants to Liberia 1820 to 1843
An Alphabetical Listing By Tom w Shick
Published by the Department ofAnthropology University of Delaware
By Liberian Studies Association in America Inc
An Explanation of the table by column ARR PT This column gives the name of the particular settlement in Liberia ro which the emishy
Name Each emigrant is lisred by name in alphashy grant first arrived berical order Bassa Cv Bassa Cove
In all cases where possible I have listed the emishy Millsbrg Millsberg grants with their last name first and first name last N Georgia North Georgia There are however cases where only one name was Edina G B Edina Grand Bassa recorded Children with no recorded firsr name are lisred with their last name followed by infant or unk GO Bassa Grand Bassa (unknown)
Literacy This column gives information regarding Age Ages are listed as given in the table Whershy
ever 99 is found it means that the age of the patticushylar emigrant is unknown rather than 99 years of age
Origin Tilis column refers to the place that the emigrants were recorded as being from before their emigration to Liberia In most cases this means the state in the United States Some abbreviations were necessary in this column
Louis Louisiana N C North Carolina S C South Carolina Tenn Tennessee NY New York Miss Mississippi WashDC Washingron DC
Status This column refers to the personal status of the individual emigrants
freeborn emigrants that were not born infO
slavery Alfred Francis Russell president of emancipated emigrants that were generally freed Liberia from 1883 to 1884 was born in
for the expressed purpose of deportation ro Liberia Lexington and died on 4 April 1884
177 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
rhe extent of literacy for each emigrant where digits of the date holds in this case as it did in the known case of listing rhe date of death Again 99 is used to
IlIitrat IIlirerate denote that no information is ava ilable Librl Ed Liberal Ed ucation
Place This column gives the place of removal for Occup This column refers to the occuparional those emigtants that left the settlements
skills of each emigrant No abbreviations are used U S United States here Sierra L Sierra Leone
C Palmas Cape Palmas Death This designation refers (0 rhe year in Br Accra British Accta
which each emigranr died where such informarion is Frndo Po Fernando Po known All deaths would have occurred in rhe 1800s rherefore only rhe lasr two digirs are shown Ship In this column the name of the ship on 37 would then mean 1837 All cases where 99 which each emigrant was brought to the Liberian appears means thar the date of death unknown settlements is listed No abbreviarions are used here
Cause (D) This category gives the srared cause of Date (A) This last column gives the date of death where known No abbrevia tions are used here arrival in the Liberian settlements for each emigrant
DT (R) This column gives the date of removal For example 82226 would mean August 22 1826 for any emigrants known to have left the Liberian Whenever 99 is found in the date of arrival it means settlements after arriving that that particulat part of the date is unknown
The same procedure of showing only the last two
N1me AS Origin Status OCCliP Death Canse(D) DT(R) Pbcltl(R) Ship Date (A)
Adams George 17 Ky Freeborn Farmer 37 Consnmprion 99 Unknown Ame ri ca n 62633
Adams George 9 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 37 Anasarca 99 Unkown America 62633
AdltlffiS H annah 11 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 38 Co nsumption 99 Unknown American 62633
Whitaker Mary Ann 50 Ky Unknown BaS~3 Unknown 40 FtVer 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Whitaker Solomon 4S Ky Unknown Bass CV Un known 40 Fever 99 U nknown S3lud3 330140
WhiTaker WallaCC 2 1 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Sierra Leone Salnltu 3130140
Whiraker Willj~m 19 Ky Unknown B~sa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St luda 33040
(fllite Adam 26 Ky Emancprd Bus1CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 313040
White COlroline 13 Ky Emancptd Ba~sa CV Unknown 40 Fev 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
W hite Edward 30 Ky Imancprd Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Whire E1ijah 30 Ky Frttborn Caldwell Farmer 33 Fever 99 Unknown Ameriea n 6126133
Whire Emeline 18 Ky Emmcprd Mon rovia Unkown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown Rarque Union 71 4 1
Whiee Eurhemia 14 Ky Eamncptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmas Barque Unio n 711141
Wh ite Harriee 10 Ky Emancptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barque U nio n 71141
(Ihllc Henry 2 1 Ky EmancprJ Monrovia Farmer 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barqne Un ion 7114 1
While Humphrey 19 Ky Emilncpld BlS5a CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unkn own Saluda 313040
W hite Joanna 60 Ky Emallcprd Bnsa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 330140
w hitc Lncrena 16 Ky Emancprd BassaCV Unknown 99 U nknown 99 Unknown Salnda 33040
Whire Milton 19 Ky Emancprd Momovia Foumer 99 Unknown 40 Skrra Leone Barque Union 7114 1
White Rachel 2 Ky EmancptJ BaSSil Cy Unknown 40 F~er 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
White Roben 22 Ky Emancpt Monrovia Cook 99 Unknown 40 C Palmas Rarqne Union 711 4 1
Xfhj(C Robert 63 Ky EmallCp[d Monrovia Farmer 43 Decline 99 U nknown Barque Un ion 7 1141
W illiams Harrier 17 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Saluda 3130140
Williams James 4 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown S3l uda 3130140
W illiams Jane 34 Ky Em ancprd Caldwell U nknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 6126133
Wi lliams Malvina 24 Ky U nknown Bassa CV Unkn own 40 Fever 99 Unknown SaluJa mOHO
Wilson Alfred 5 Ky Unknown Cald well U nknown 33 Fevet 99 Unknown American 612633
Wilson 0(0 36 Ky Unk nown Caldwell Farmer 35 Decline 99 U nknown Anlerican 62633
Wboll Francis 4 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Henry 7 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 F~er 99 Un known American 6126133
Wilson Jane 3 Ky Unknown C aldwell Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Joshna 9 Ky Unknown C aldwdl U nknown 99 Un known 99 U nknown AmeriC-J n 611633
Wi nkic Marth 8 Ky Un known BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 C Palmu American 33040
Winkic Rebelaquoa Ky Unknown Bus CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Winkie Solomon 10 Ky Unknown BasSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmu St luJa 13040
Winkie Wi lliam 4 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 99 Unknowil 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Young Charles 13 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St lnda 33040
Yoong jane 12 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
Young John 8 Ky Unknown Bass CV Unknown 41 Plen risy 99 Unknown Salnda 3130140
Young Mary 10 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 4 1 Pleurisy 99 Unknown St luda 330140
Young Tenah 35 Ky unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Un known S3Juda 330140
181 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
contents vol 39 no 4summer 2004
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia 1820-43
Dr Adell Patton Jr 174
Abstracts from the Kentucky Statesman March 2() 1850
Transcribed by Thomas Ii Appleton Jr 182
Alvey Family of England Maryland and Kentucky Part Five
Robert Lee Alvey Sr 189
Queries 203
Book Notes 205
Announcements 207
Mystery Albwn 208
Surname Index Volume 39 209
on the cover This detail of an 1870 map by D McClelland shows the settlement of treed Kentucky
In Llbena The state sem 193 immigrams to Libcria in J833 and J840-41 one ofwhom-Alfred Francis KLlSSi1--senea as president of the republic ill 1883 and 1884 The sires shown at center came to be known as Kentucky and Clay-Ashland The entire map can be viewed on the American Memory portion of the Library of
ry~Web wwwlocgovThearticleKentuckyAfricanAmcticanImmigrants to Liberia 1820-43 begins on oae (Courtesy Geography and Map Division Library ofCongress)
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia 1820-43
By Dr Adell Patton Jr
Dr Patton a 1959 graduate ofKentucky State University in Frankfort received his PhD in African History from the University ofWisconsin-Madison in 1975 He is a professor ofhistory at the University ofMissouri-St Louis Dr Patton wishes to acknowledge the assistance ofDr Henry E Cheaney along with Jennifer SpearmanshySimms and Paul Wilmarth staffmembers at University ofMissouri-St Lotus Faculty Resource Center
The Mrican diaspora remains a neglected theme in the genealogy of Kentucky MriCln American immigrants to Liberia West Mrica from 1820 to
1843 Diaspora refers to a scattering or dispersal of people fro m their homeland It has three pans The voluntary or forceful immigration from the homeland (some 15 million slaves taken from Mrica to the Western Hemisphere) the assimilation and identiry in the alien and oftentimes hostile territory and the return to the homeland which can be either psychological or actual physical moveshyment Through time the Kentucky Mrican American immigrants to Liberia experienced all of these manifestations
It all began with the formation of the American Colonizarion Society (ACS) ar Washington DC in 1816 As one may recall the Hairian Revolution from 1790-1804 not only freed some 500000 slaves that resulted in not only the res([ucturing of the social classes but in creating the second republic in the Western Hemisphere it sent shock waves and undermined the confidence of the financial systems of Europe in regard to investing in slavery Hence
Cartographic Laboratory University of Wisconsm -Madson West Africa in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth
the first avowed purpose of the ACS was to provide support for the removal of free born and the newly emancipated from the various slave states to Liberia which formed auxiliary societies to the ACS
This restructuring of the Haitian social classes and its resulting shock waves undermined the confidence of rhe financial systems of Europe in regard to investing in slavery The first avowed purpose of the ACS was to provide support for the removal of the free born and newly emancipated from the various US slave states to Liberia which formed auxiliary societies to the ACS The Kentucky Colonization Society was formed in 1829 and three years larer had 3 1 affiliates a number exceeded by only Virginia and Ohio
One Kenrucky emigrant to Liberia was Milly C rawford an octoroon (one-eighth black) from Lexington who passed through Frankfort on March 101833 An exa mple of what has been Cl lled the Scandalous Paradox Crawford wrote that many women were serving as heads of the families that included children of slave owners I
Crawford followed a circuitous route from Kenshytucky to Liberia From Frankfort she and her four children-Sinrhia Gibert George and Henry-set out for Louisville where they boarded the river boat Mediterranean Upon arriving in New Orleans they were joined by 27 other immigrants 6 from TN 19 from OH 2 from New Orleans
The group boarded the brig Ajax on April 20 1833 for Liberia White missionaries AH Savage and HD King agents for the Tennessee Colonizashytion Society spearheaded their embarkation The cost of rhe expedirion ($5000) was defrayed by the American Colonization Society with a donation of $2300 from KY Colonization Society Cholera whooping cough or a bowel disorder forced the brig
Centuries to put for many days at a West Indian island and 30
2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4 174
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
(mostly children) died during the passage Ship records show that 11 9 passengers from
Kentucky arrived in Liberia on July 1 1 1833 16 born free the rest manumirred-24 by Richard Bibb (a white clergyman from Logan Co who gave them clothes amp $400) 12 by William O Dudley (a planter in Adair Co) and 7 by Mary O Wickliffe of Lexingron Kentucky The setriers were put under quarantine upon arrival by Dr Mechlin who then sent them ro Caldwell amp Millsburg on rhe Sr Pauls River (formerly Bassa counrry) where 26 soon died 2 others returned ro the US and 1 migrated to
[Freerownl Sierra Leone Much of this dara is reflecred in rhe lisr
By 1832 Kentucky had a slave popularion of 170130 which amounted to 25 percent of the total ~ ~ N i- ~~7
I bull bull popularion 4 The state sent 193 immigrants to
Liberia in 1833 and 1840-41 which amounted ro Cartographic Laboratory University of Wisconsin-MadiSon 43 percent of the rotal Languages and Ethnic Groups in Liberia
Although 45 71 emigrants arrived between 1820 and 1843 mOf(aliry had reduced the population ro left bank of the St Paul River and Millsberg on the only 18 19 by the latter yeat giving the settlement right bank and later at Bassa and Monrovia its reputation as the Black Mans Grave Monrovia became the capital of Africas first republic
The Kenrucky groups settled at Caldwell on the when Liberia was founded in 1847
M~- 1iIfOto
shy~~~ I_IIN
-bull 1 rw ~WI
~shy
Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kentucky Special Collections and Archives
Milly Crawford on her way to Liberia from Lexington Kentucky A letter to Mary Owen Todd Russell Wickliffi
March 10 1833 Saterday night My Dear Mimress we have all arrived at frankfort in safety and health little George Lucy and all the chilshy
dren are well My dear Mimms how shall we thank you for all your kindness too us We sometimes despond being all females and children haveing no male protecter ofour own but we try to put our trust in the Alshymighty and go on in his srength whatever betide us My Dear Mystress you have done your whole duty and may the [Almighty bless and rewardyou a thousand fold Lucy all love and thanks to you for your goodness care and kindness to us all the children all desires me remember them to Mystress
Mystress we all desire you thank Mayster for his goodness and kindness to us 1 hope the Lord will bless him give our love to miss Margaret miss Mary Mys Sally Wooly [Robert Wickliffes
three living white children and all Our friends the Lord has raised up manny friend to tIS in fankford we are treated with so much kindness by all who see us the gentleman at whose house we now lodge Mr Gray trets us with the utmost kindness - he had us all in his dining room prayed with and for us - the gentleman you wrote too receivedyour letter recommending us to him he took us home with him gave us mpper and we returned again mr grays you will hear again from us att Louisville May the bless preserve and reward you for all kindness is the prare ofyour unworthy but afficunate servant
Milly C
175 2004 Kentucky AncestDrs V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
In 1853 JD Simpson fo unded a new settlement on the right bank of the St Paul River It came to be called Clay Ashland and attracted both New York and Kentucky emigrants Augustus Houston the first person to jump off the boat at Clay Ashland said Well Im free 8 The settlement was also an attraction for native Africans who took advantage of their relationships with settlers from the United States One man asked if he wo uld return to his former country in Africa replied No if go back to my country they make me slave-I am here free-no one dare trouble me I got my land-my wife-my children learn book-I am here a white man9
The purpose of this document is to provide a list of those Kentucky African Americans who dared to make this risky return to Liberia between 1833 and 1841
1 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kenwcky Special Colleccions and Archives Milly Crawford s len er appears on the websire wwwukyedu LCCHISscraps liberia See also Evans William McKee From (he Land of Canaan to tne Land of Guinea T he Su ange Odyssey of (he Som of Ham The American Hiswricai Review Vol 85 1 (February 1980) pages 19-20
2 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers 3 Wickliffe-Presron Family Papers 4 Lucas Marion B A Hisrory of Blacks in Kentncky Vol 1
From Slavery ro Segregation Frankfon Kentucky Historical Sociecy 1992 See also KAAHT Kenruckys Mrican Arnerican
Heritage A Tirneline Kenrucky H isrorical Sociecy An agency of (he Educarion AHS amp Humaniries Cabinet 100 West
Broadway Frankfort KY 40601 (502) 564-1792
lt bull bull ~ ~
Cartographic Laboratory University of Wsconsm-Madison
Liberia Settler Enclaves 1843 Note Kentucky Immigrants Sites at Monrovia and Millsburg and Ca ldwell on the Sl Paul River
CT(JllonlI~
liO no c
Cartographic Laboratory University 01 WlsconsnmiddotMadsOrl
Sl Paul River Settlements in the Nineteenth Century including Clay-Ashland
5 Shick Tom W A Q uantitative analysis of Liberian
colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference [Q
morrality Journal of African History Vol XIl No C pages 45-60
6 Patton Adell Jr Firestone Rubber Li[[le Rock And rhe Evoluion of Racisrs Ideas In Liberia West Africa The Fitst Civil Rights Law In Africa and Neglected Theme in African History 1-46 (fo rthcoming)
7 Lucas Mation B A Hiscory of Blacks in Kentucky Vol 1 From Slavery to Segregation Frankfort Kenrucky Historical
Socie) 1992 pages 5-9 8 Shick Tom W Behold rhe Promised Land A History of
Afro-American Setder Sociecy in N ineteenth-Cenrury Liberia Balrirnore The Johns Hopkins Universiry Press 1980 p 77
9 Shick Tom W A Quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference co mortality Journal of Mrican Hiswty Vol XlI No ] gt p 59
2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39middot4 176
Kentucky Mrican American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
Source Liberian Studies Research Working Paper No2 Emigrants to Liberia 1820 to 1843
An Alphabetical Listing By Tom w Shick
Published by the Department ofAnthropology University of Delaware
By Liberian Studies Association in America Inc
An Explanation of the table by column ARR PT This column gives the name of the particular settlement in Liberia ro which the emishy
Name Each emigrant is lisred by name in alphashy grant first arrived berical order Bassa Cv Bassa Cove
In all cases where possible I have listed the emishy Millsbrg Millsberg grants with their last name first and first name last N Georgia North Georgia There are however cases where only one name was Edina G B Edina Grand Bassa recorded Children with no recorded firsr name are lisred with their last name followed by infant or unk GO Bassa Grand Bassa (unknown)
Literacy This column gives information regarding Age Ages are listed as given in the table Whershy
ever 99 is found it means that the age of the patticushylar emigrant is unknown rather than 99 years of age
Origin Tilis column refers to the place that the emigrants were recorded as being from before their emigration to Liberia In most cases this means the state in the United States Some abbreviations were necessary in this column
Louis Louisiana N C North Carolina S C South Carolina Tenn Tennessee NY New York Miss Mississippi WashDC Washingron DC
Status This column refers to the personal status of the individual emigrants
freeborn emigrants that were not born infO
slavery Alfred Francis Russell president of emancipated emigrants that were generally freed Liberia from 1883 to 1884 was born in
for the expressed purpose of deportation ro Liberia Lexington and died on 4 April 1884
177 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
rhe extent of literacy for each emigrant where digits of the date holds in this case as it did in the known case of listing rhe date of death Again 99 is used to
IlIitrat IIlirerate denote that no information is ava ilable Librl Ed Liberal Ed ucation
Place This column gives the place of removal for Occup This column refers to the occuparional those emigtants that left the settlements
skills of each emigrant No abbreviations are used U S United States here Sierra L Sierra Leone
C Palmas Cape Palmas Death This designation refers (0 rhe year in Br Accra British Accta
which each emigranr died where such informarion is Frndo Po Fernando Po known All deaths would have occurred in rhe 1800s rherefore only rhe lasr two digirs are shown Ship In this column the name of the ship on 37 would then mean 1837 All cases where 99 which each emigrant was brought to the Liberian appears means thar the date of death unknown settlements is listed No abbreviarions are used here
Cause (D) This category gives the srared cause of Date (A) This last column gives the date of death where known No abbrevia tions are used here arrival in the Liberian settlements for each emigrant
DT (R) This column gives the date of removal For example 82226 would mean August 22 1826 for any emigrants known to have left the Liberian Whenever 99 is found in the date of arrival it means settlements after arriving that that particulat part of the date is unknown
The same procedure of showing only the last two
N1me AS Origin Status OCCliP Death Canse(D) DT(R) Pbcltl(R) Ship Date (A)
Adams George 17 Ky Freeborn Farmer 37 Consnmprion 99 Unknown Ame ri ca n 62633
Adams George 9 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 37 Anasarca 99 Unkown America 62633
AdltlffiS H annah 11 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 38 Co nsumption 99 Unknown American 62633
Whitaker Mary Ann 50 Ky Unknown BaS~3 Unknown 40 FtVer 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Whitaker Solomon 4S Ky Unknown Bass CV Un known 40 Fever 99 U nknown S3lud3 330140
WhiTaker WallaCC 2 1 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Sierra Leone Salnltu 3130140
Whiraker Willj~m 19 Ky Unknown B~sa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St luda 33040
(fllite Adam 26 Ky Emancprd Bus1CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 313040
White COlroline 13 Ky Emancptd Ba~sa CV Unknown 40 Fev 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
W hite Edward 30 Ky Imancprd Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Whire E1ijah 30 Ky Frttborn Caldwell Farmer 33 Fever 99 Unknown Ameriea n 6126133
Whire Emeline 18 Ky Emmcprd Mon rovia Unkown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown Rarque Union 71 4 1
Whiee Eurhemia 14 Ky Eamncptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmas Barque Unio n 711141
Wh ite Harriee 10 Ky Emancptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barque U nio n 71141
(Ihllc Henry 2 1 Ky EmancprJ Monrovia Farmer 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barqne Un ion 7114 1
While Humphrey 19 Ky Emilncpld BlS5a CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unkn own Saluda 313040
W hite Joanna 60 Ky Emallcprd Bnsa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 330140
w hitc Lncrena 16 Ky Emancprd BassaCV Unknown 99 U nknown 99 Unknown Salnda 33040
Whire Milton 19 Ky Emancprd Momovia Foumer 99 Unknown 40 Skrra Leone Barque Union 7114 1
White Rachel 2 Ky EmancptJ BaSSil Cy Unknown 40 F~er 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
White Roben 22 Ky Emancpt Monrovia Cook 99 Unknown 40 C Palmas Rarqne Union 711 4 1
Xfhj(C Robert 63 Ky EmallCp[d Monrovia Farmer 43 Decline 99 U nknown Barque Un ion 7 1141
W illiams Harrier 17 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Saluda 3130140
Williams James 4 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown S3l uda 3130140
W illiams Jane 34 Ky Em ancprd Caldwell U nknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 6126133
Wi lliams Malvina 24 Ky U nknown Bassa CV Unkn own 40 Fever 99 Unknown SaluJa mOHO
Wilson Alfred 5 Ky Unknown Cald well U nknown 33 Fevet 99 Unknown American 612633
Wilson 0(0 36 Ky Unk nown Caldwell Farmer 35 Decline 99 U nknown Anlerican 62633
Wboll Francis 4 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Henry 7 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 F~er 99 Un known American 6126133
Wilson Jane 3 Ky Unknown C aldwell Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Joshna 9 Ky Unknown C aldwdl U nknown 99 Un known 99 U nknown AmeriC-J n 611633
Wi nkic Marth 8 Ky Un known BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 C Palmu American 33040
Winkic Rebelaquoa Ky Unknown Bus CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Winkie Solomon 10 Ky Unknown BasSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmu St luJa 13040
Winkie Wi lliam 4 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 99 Unknowil 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Young Charles 13 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St lnda 33040
Yoong jane 12 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
Young John 8 Ky Unknown Bass CV Unknown 41 Plen risy 99 Unknown Salnda 3130140
Young Mary 10 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 4 1 Pleurisy 99 Unknown St luda 330140
Young Tenah 35 Ky unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Un known S3Juda 330140
181 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia 1820-43
By Dr Adell Patton Jr
Dr Patton a 1959 graduate ofKentucky State University in Frankfort received his PhD in African History from the University ofWisconsin-Madison in 1975 He is a professor ofhistory at the University ofMissouri-St Louis Dr Patton wishes to acknowledge the assistance ofDr Henry E Cheaney along with Jennifer SpearmanshySimms and Paul Wilmarth staffmembers at University ofMissouri-St Lotus Faculty Resource Center
The Mrican diaspora remains a neglected theme in the genealogy of Kentucky MriCln American immigrants to Liberia West Mrica from 1820 to
1843 Diaspora refers to a scattering or dispersal of people fro m their homeland It has three pans The voluntary or forceful immigration from the homeland (some 15 million slaves taken from Mrica to the Western Hemisphere) the assimilation and identiry in the alien and oftentimes hostile territory and the return to the homeland which can be either psychological or actual physical moveshyment Through time the Kentucky Mrican American immigrants to Liberia experienced all of these manifestations
It all began with the formation of the American Colonizarion Society (ACS) ar Washington DC in 1816 As one may recall the Hairian Revolution from 1790-1804 not only freed some 500000 slaves that resulted in not only the res([ucturing of the social classes but in creating the second republic in the Western Hemisphere it sent shock waves and undermined the confidence of the financial systems of Europe in regard to investing in slavery Hence
Cartographic Laboratory University of Wisconsm -Madson West Africa in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth
the first avowed purpose of the ACS was to provide support for the removal of free born and the newly emancipated from the various slave states to Liberia which formed auxiliary societies to the ACS
This restructuring of the Haitian social classes and its resulting shock waves undermined the confidence of rhe financial systems of Europe in regard to investing in slavery The first avowed purpose of the ACS was to provide support for the removal of the free born and newly emancipated from the various US slave states to Liberia which formed auxiliary societies to the ACS The Kentucky Colonization Society was formed in 1829 and three years larer had 3 1 affiliates a number exceeded by only Virginia and Ohio
One Kenrucky emigrant to Liberia was Milly C rawford an octoroon (one-eighth black) from Lexington who passed through Frankfort on March 101833 An exa mple of what has been Cl lled the Scandalous Paradox Crawford wrote that many women were serving as heads of the families that included children of slave owners I
Crawford followed a circuitous route from Kenshytucky to Liberia From Frankfort she and her four children-Sinrhia Gibert George and Henry-set out for Louisville where they boarded the river boat Mediterranean Upon arriving in New Orleans they were joined by 27 other immigrants 6 from TN 19 from OH 2 from New Orleans
The group boarded the brig Ajax on April 20 1833 for Liberia White missionaries AH Savage and HD King agents for the Tennessee Colonizashytion Society spearheaded their embarkation The cost of rhe expedirion ($5000) was defrayed by the American Colonization Society with a donation of $2300 from KY Colonization Society Cholera whooping cough or a bowel disorder forced the brig
Centuries to put for many days at a West Indian island and 30
2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4 174
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
(mostly children) died during the passage Ship records show that 11 9 passengers from
Kentucky arrived in Liberia on July 1 1 1833 16 born free the rest manumirred-24 by Richard Bibb (a white clergyman from Logan Co who gave them clothes amp $400) 12 by William O Dudley (a planter in Adair Co) and 7 by Mary O Wickliffe of Lexingron Kentucky The setriers were put under quarantine upon arrival by Dr Mechlin who then sent them ro Caldwell amp Millsburg on rhe Sr Pauls River (formerly Bassa counrry) where 26 soon died 2 others returned ro the US and 1 migrated to
[Freerownl Sierra Leone Much of this dara is reflecred in rhe lisr
By 1832 Kentucky had a slave popularion of 170130 which amounted to 25 percent of the total ~ ~ N i- ~~7
I bull bull popularion 4 The state sent 193 immigrants to
Liberia in 1833 and 1840-41 which amounted ro Cartographic Laboratory University of Wisconsin-MadiSon 43 percent of the rotal Languages and Ethnic Groups in Liberia
Although 45 71 emigrants arrived between 1820 and 1843 mOf(aliry had reduced the population ro left bank of the St Paul River and Millsberg on the only 18 19 by the latter yeat giving the settlement right bank and later at Bassa and Monrovia its reputation as the Black Mans Grave Monrovia became the capital of Africas first republic
The Kenrucky groups settled at Caldwell on the when Liberia was founded in 1847
M~- 1iIfOto
shy~~~ I_IIN
-bull 1 rw ~WI
~shy
Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kentucky Special Collections and Archives
Milly Crawford on her way to Liberia from Lexington Kentucky A letter to Mary Owen Todd Russell Wickliffi
March 10 1833 Saterday night My Dear Mimress we have all arrived at frankfort in safety and health little George Lucy and all the chilshy
dren are well My dear Mimms how shall we thank you for all your kindness too us We sometimes despond being all females and children haveing no male protecter ofour own but we try to put our trust in the Alshymighty and go on in his srength whatever betide us My Dear Mystress you have done your whole duty and may the [Almighty bless and rewardyou a thousand fold Lucy all love and thanks to you for your goodness care and kindness to us all the children all desires me remember them to Mystress
Mystress we all desire you thank Mayster for his goodness and kindness to us 1 hope the Lord will bless him give our love to miss Margaret miss Mary Mys Sally Wooly [Robert Wickliffes
three living white children and all Our friends the Lord has raised up manny friend to tIS in fankford we are treated with so much kindness by all who see us the gentleman at whose house we now lodge Mr Gray trets us with the utmost kindness - he had us all in his dining room prayed with and for us - the gentleman you wrote too receivedyour letter recommending us to him he took us home with him gave us mpper and we returned again mr grays you will hear again from us att Louisville May the bless preserve and reward you for all kindness is the prare ofyour unworthy but afficunate servant
Milly C
175 2004 Kentucky AncestDrs V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
In 1853 JD Simpson fo unded a new settlement on the right bank of the St Paul River It came to be called Clay Ashland and attracted both New York and Kentucky emigrants Augustus Houston the first person to jump off the boat at Clay Ashland said Well Im free 8 The settlement was also an attraction for native Africans who took advantage of their relationships with settlers from the United States One man asked if he wo uld return to his former country in Africa replied No if go back to my country they make me slave-I am here free-no one dare trouble me I got my land-my wife-my children learn book-I am here a white man9
The purpose of this document is to provide a list of those Kentucky African Americans who dared to make this risky return to Liberia between 1833 and 1841
1 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kenwcky Special Colleccions and Archives Milly Crawford s len er appears on the websire wwwukyedu LCCHISscraps liberia See also Evans William McKee From (he Land of Canaan to tne Land of Guinea T he Su ange Odyssey of (he Som of Ham The American Hiswricai Review Vol 85 1 (February 1980) pages 19-20
2 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers 3 Wickliffe-Presron Family Papers 4 Lucas Marion B A Hisrory of Blacks in Kentncky Vol 1
From Slavery ro Segregation Frankfon Kentucky Historical Sociecy 1992 See also KAAHT Kenruckys Mrican Arnerican
Heritage A Tirneline Kenrucky H isrorical Sociecy An agency of (he Educarion AHS amp Humaniries Cabinet 100 West
Broadway Frankfort KY 40601 (502) 564-1792
lt bull bull ~ ~
Cartographic Laboratory University of Wsconsm-Madison
Liberia Settler Enclaves 1843 Note Kentucky Immigrants Sites at Monrovia and Millsburg and Ca ldwell on the Sl Paul River
CT(JllonlI~
liO no c
Cartographic Laboratory University 01 WlsconsnmiddotMadsOrl
Sl Paul River Settlements in the Nineteenth Century including Clay-Ashland
5 Shick Tom W A Q uantitative analysis of Liberian
colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference [Q
morrality Journal of African History Vol XIl No C pages 45-60
6 Patton Adell Jr Firestone Rubber Li[[le Rock And rhe Evoluion of Racisrs Ideas In Liberia West Africa The Fitst Civil Rights Law In Africa and Neglected Theme in African History 1-46 (fo rthcoming)
7 Lucas Mation B A Hiscory of Blacks in Kentucky Vol 1 From Slavery to Segregation Frankfort Kenrucky Historical
Socie) 1992 pages 5-9 8 Shick Tom W Behold rhe Promised Land A History of
Afro-American Setder Sociecy in N ineteenth-Cenrury Liberia Balrirnore The Johns Hopkins Universiry Press 1980 p 77
9 Shick Tom W A Quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference co mortality Journal of Mrican Hiswty Vol XlI No ] gt p 59
2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39middot4 176
Kentucky Mrican American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
Source Liberian Studies Research Working Paper No2 Emigrants to Liberia 1820 to 1843
An Alphabetical Listing By Tom w Shick
Published by the Department ofAnthropology University of Delaware
By Liberian Studies Association in America Inc
An Explanation of the table by column ARR PT This column gives the name of the particular settlement in Liberia ro which the emishy
Name Each emigrant is lisred by name in alphashy grant first arrived berical order Bassa Cv Bassa Cove
In all cases where possible I have listed the emishy Millsbrg Millsberg grants with their last name first and first name last N Georgia North Georgia There are however cases where only one name was Edina G B Edina Grand Bassa recorded Children with no recorded firsr name are lisred with their last name followed by infant or unk GO Bassa Grand Bassa (unknown)
Literacy This column gives information regarding Age Ages are listed as given in the table Whershy
ever 99 is found it means that the age of the patticushylar emigrant is unknown rather than 99 years of age
Origin Tilis column refers to the place that the emigrants were recorded as being from before their emigration to Liberia In most cases this means the state in the United States Some abbreviations were necessary in this column
Louis Louisiana N C North Carolina S C South Carolina Tenn Tennessee NY New York Miss Mississippi WashDC Washingron DC
Status This column refers to the personal status of the individual emigrants
freeborn emigrants that were not born infO
slavery Alfred Francis Russell president of emancipated emigrants that were generally freed Liberia from 1883 to 1884 was born in
for the expressed purpose of deportation ro Liberia Lexington and died on 4 April 1884
177 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
rhe extent of literacy for each emigrant where digits of the date holds in this case as it did in the known case of listing rhe date of death Again 99 is used to
IlIitrat IIlirerate denote that no information is ava ilable Librl Ed Liberal Ed ucation
Place This column gives the place of removal for Occup This column refers to the occuparional those emigtants that left the settlements
skills of each emigrant No abbreviations are used U S United States here Sierra L Sierra Leone
C Palmas Cape Palmas Death This designation refers (0 rhe year in Br Accra British Accta
which each emigranr died where such informarion is Frndo Po Fernando Po known All deaths would have occurred in rhe 1800s rherefore only rhe lasr two digirs are shown Ship In this column the name of the ship on 37 would then mean 1837 All cases where 99 which each emigrant was brought to the Liberian appears means thar the date of death unknown settlements is listed No abbreviarions are used here
Cause (D) This category gives the srared cause of Date (A) This last column gives the date of death where known No abbrevia tions are used here arrival in the Liberian settlements for each emigrant
DT (R) This column gives the date of removal For example 82226 would mean August 22 1826 for any emigrants known to have left the Liberian Whenever 99 is found in the date of arrival it means settlements after arriving that that particulat part of the date is unknown
The same procedure of showing only the last two
N1me AS Origin Status OCCliP Death Canse(D) DT(R) Pbcltl(R) Ship Date (A)
Adams George 17 Ky Freeborn Farmer 37 Consnmprion 99 Unknown Ame ri ca n 62633
Adams George 9 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 37 Anasarca 99 Unkown America 62633
AdltlffiS H annah 11 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 38 Co nsumption 99 Unknown American 62633
Whitaker Mary Ann 50 Ky Unknown BaS~3 Unknown 40 FtVer 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Whitaker Solomon 4S Ky Unknown Bass CV Un known 40 Fever 99 U nknown S3lud3 330140
WhiTaker WallaCC 2 1 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Sierra Leone Salnltu 3130140
Whiraker Willj~m 19 Ky Unknown B~sa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St luda 33040
(fllite Adam 26 Ky Emancprd Bus1CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 313040
White COlroline 13 Ky Emancptd Ba~sa CV Unknown 40 Fev 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
W hite Edward 30 Ky Imancprd Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Whire E1ijah 30 Ky Frttborn Caldwell Farmer 33 Fever 99 Unknown Ameriea n 6126133
Whire Emeline 18 Ky Emmcprd Mon rovia Unkown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown Rarque Union 71 4 1
Whiee Eurhemia 14 Ky Eamncptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmas Barque Unio n 711141
Wh ite Harriee 10 Ky Emancptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barque U nio n 71141
(Ihllc Henry 2 1 Ky EmancprJ Monrovia Farmer 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barqne Un ion 7114 1
While Humphrey 19 Ky Emilncpld BlS5a CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unkn own Saluda 313040
W hite Joanna 60 Ky Emallcprd Bnsa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 330140
w hitc Lncrena 16 Ky Emancprd BassaCV Unknown 99 U nknown 99 Unknown Salnda 33040
Whire Milton 19 Ky Emancprd Momovia Foumer 99 Unknown 40 Skrra Leone Barque Union 7114 1
White Rachel 2 Ky EmancptJ BaSSil Cy Unknown 40 F~er 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
White Roben 22 Ky Emancpt Monrovia Cook 99 Unknown 40 C Palmas Rarqne Union 711 4 1
Xfhj(C Robert 63 Ky EmallCp[d Monrovia Farmer 43 Decline 99 U nknown Barque Un ion 7 1141
W illiams Harrier 17 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Saluda 3130140
Williams James 4 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown S3l uda 3130140
W illiams Jane 34 Ky Em ancprd Caldwell U nknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 6126133
Wi lliams Malvina 24 Ky U nknown Bassa CV Unkn own 40 Fever 99 Unknown SaluJa mOHO
Wilson Alfred 5 Ky Unknown Cald well U nknown 33 Fevet 99 Unknown American 612633
Wilson 0(0 36 Ky Unk nown Caldwell Farmer 35 Decline 99 U nknown Anlerican 62633
Wboll Francis 4 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Henry 7 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 F~er 99 Un known American 6126133
Wilson Jane 3 Ky Unknown C aldwell Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Joshna 9 Ky Unknown C aldwdl U nknown 99 Un known 99 U nknown AmeriC-J n 611633
Wi nkic Marth 8 Ky Un known BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 C Palmu American 33040
Winkic Rebelaquoa Ky Unknown Bus CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Winkie Solomon 10 Ky Unknown BasSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmu St luJa 13040
Winkie Wi lliam 4 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 99 Unknowil 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Young Charles 13 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St lnda 33040
Yoong jane 12 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
Young John 8 Ky Unknown Bass CV Unknown 41 Plen risy 99 Unknown Salnda 3130140
Young Mary 10 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 4 1 Pleurisy 99 Unknown St luda 330140
Young Tenah 35 Ky unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Un known S3Juda 330140
181 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
(mostly children) died during the passage Ship records show that 11 9 passengers from
Kentucky arrived in Liberia on July 1 1 1833 16 born free the rest manumirred-24 by Richard Bibb (a white clergyman from Logan Co who gave them clothes amp $400) 12 by William O Dudley (a planter in Adair Co) and 7 by Mary O Wickliffe of Lexingron Kentucky The setriers were put under quarantine upon arrival by Dr Mechlin who then sent them ro Caldwell amp Millsburg on rhe Sr Pauls River (formerly Bassa counrry) where 26 soon died 2 others returned ro the US and 1 migrated to
[Freerownl Sierra Leone Much of this dara is reflecred in rhe lisr
By 1832 Kentucky had a slave popularion of 170130 which amounted to 25 percent of the total ~ ~ N i- ~~7
I bull bull popularion 4 The state sent 193 immigrants to
Liberia in 1833 and 1840-41 which amounted ro Cartographic Laboratory University of Wisconsin-MadiSon 43 percent of the rotal Languages and Ethnic Groups in Liberia
Although 45 71 emigrants arrived between 1820 and 1843 mOf(aliry had reduced the population ro left bank of the St Paul River and Millsberg on the only 18 19 by the latter yeat giving the settlement right bank and later at Bassa and Monrovia its reputation as the Black Mans Grave Monrovia became the capital of Africas first republic
The Kenrucky groups settled at Caldwell on the when Liberia was founded in 1847
M~- 1iIfOto
shy~~~ I_IIN
-bull 1 rw ~WI
~shy
Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kentucky Special Collections and Archives
Milly Crawford on her way to Liberia from Lexington Kentucky A letter to Mary Owen Todd Russell Wickliffi
March 10 1833 Saterday night My Dear Mimress we have all arrived at frankfort in safety and health little George Lucy and all the chilshy
dren are well My dear Mimms how shall we thank you for all your kindness too us We sometimes despond being all females and children haveing no male protecter ofour own but we try to put our trust in the Alshymighty and go on in his srength whatever betide us My Dear Mystress you have done your whole duty and may the [Almighty bless and rewardyou a thousand fold Lucy all love and thanks to you for your goodness care and kindness to us all the children all desires me remember them to Mystress
Mystress we all desire you thank Mayster for his goodness and kindness to us 1 hope the Lord will bless him give our love to miss Margaret miss Mary Mys Sally Wooly [Robert Wickliffes
three living white children and all Our friends the Lord has raised up manny friend to tIS in fankford we are treated with so much kindness by all who see us the gentleman at whose house we now lodge Mr Gray trets us with the utmost kindness - he had us all in his dining room prayed with and for us - the gentleman you wrote too receivedyour letter recommending us to him he took us home with him gave us mpper and we returned again mr grays you will hear again from us att Louisville May the bless preserve and reward you for all kindness is the prare ofyour unworthy but afficunate servant
Milly C
175 2004 Kentucky AncestDrs V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
In 1853 JD Simpson fo unded a new settlement on the right bank of the St Paul River It came to be called Clay Ashland and attracted both New York and Kentucky emigrants Augustus Houston the first person to jump off the boat at Clay Ashland said Well Im free 8 The settlement was also an attraction for native Africans who took advantage of their relationships with settlers from the United States One man asked if he wo uld return to his former country in Africa replied No if go back to my country they make me slave-I am here free-no one dare trouble me I got my land-my wife-my children learn book-I am here a white man9
The purpose of this document is to provide a list of those Kentucky African Americans who dared to make this risky return to Liberia between 1833 and 1841
1 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kenwcky Special Colleccions and Archives Milly Crawford s len er appears on the websire wwwukyedu LCCHISscraps liberia See also Evans William McKee From (he Land of Canaan to tne Land of Guinea T he Su ange Odyssey of (he Som of Ham The American Hiswricai Review Vol 85 1 (February 1980) pages 19-20
2 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers 3 Wickliffe-Presron Family Papers 4 Lucas Marion B A Hisrory of Blacks in Kentncky Vol 1
From Slavery ro Segregation Frankfon Kentucky Historical Sociecy 1992 See also KAAHT Kenruckys Mrican Arnerican
Heritage A Tirneline Kenrucky H isrorical Sociecy An agency of (he Educarion AHS amp Humaniries Cabinet 100 West
Broadway Frankfort KY 40601 (502) 564-1792
lt bull bull ~ ~
Cartographic Laboratory University of Wsconsm-Madison
Liberia Settler Enclaves 1843 Note Kentucky Immigrants Sites at Monrovia and Millsburg and Ca ldwell on the Sl Paul River
CT(JllonlI~
liO no c
Cartographic Laboratory University 01 WlsconsnmiddotMadsOrl
Sl Paul River Settlements in the Nineteenth Century including Clay-Ashland
5 Shick Tom W A Q uantitative analysis of Liberian
colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference [Q
morrality Journal of African History Vol XIl No C pages 45-60
6 Patton Adell Jr Firestone Rubber Li[[le Rock And rhe Evoluion of Racisrs Ideas In Liberia West Africa The Fitst Civil Rights Law In Africa and Neglected Theme in African History 1-46 (fo rthcoming)
7 Lucas Mation B A Hiscory of Blacks in Kentucky Vol 1 From Slavery to Segregation Frankfort Kenrucky Historical
Socie) 1992 pages 5-9 8 Shick Tom W Behold rhe Promised Land A History of
Afro-American Setder Sociecy in N ineteenth-Cenrury Liberia Balrirnore The Johns Hopkins Universiry Press 1980 p 77
9 Shick Tom W A Quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference co mortality Journal of Mrican Hiswty Vol XlI No ] gt p 59
2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39middot4 176
Kentucky Mrican American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
Source Liberian Studies Research Working Paper No2 Emigrants to Liberia 1820 to 1843
An Alphabetical Listing By Tom w Shick
Published by the Department ofAnthropology University of Delaware
By Liberian Studies Association in America Inc
An Explanation of the table by column ARR PT This column gives the name of the particular settlement in Liberia ro which the emishy
Name Each emigrant is lisred by name in alphashy grant first arrived berical order Bassa Cv Bassa Cove
In all cases where possible I have listed the emishy Millsbrg Millsberg grants with their last name first and first name last N Georgia North Georgia There are however cases where only one name was Edina G B Edina Grand Bassa recorded Children with no recorded firsr name are lisred with their last name followed by infant or unk GO Bassa Grand Bassa (unknown)
Literacy This column gives information regarding Age Ages are listed as given in the table Whershy
ever 99 is found it means that the age of the patticushylar emigrant is unknown rather than 99 years of age
Origin Tilis column refers to the place that the emigrants were recorded as being from before their emigration to Liberia In most cases this means the state in the United States Some abbreviations were necessary in this column
Louis Louisiana N C North Carolina S C South Carolina Tenn Tennessee NY New York Miss Mississippi WashDC Washingron DC
Status This column refers to the personal status of the individual emigrants
freeborn emigrants that were not born infO
slavery Alfred Francis Russell president of emancipated emigrants that were generally freed Liberia from 1883 to 1884 was born in
for the expressed purpose of deportation ro Liberia Lexington and died on 4 April 1884
177 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
rhe extent of literacy for each emigrant where digits of the date holds in this case as it did in the known case of listing rhe date of death Again 99 is used to
IlIitrat IIlirerate denote that no information is ava ilable Librl Ed Liberal Ed ucation
Place This column gives the place of removal for Occup This column refers to the occuparional those emigtants that left the settlements
skills of each emigrant No abbreviations are used U S United States here Sierra L Sierra Leone
C Palmas Cape Palmas Death This designation refers (0 rhe year in Br Accra British Accta
which each emigranr died where such informarion is Frndo Po Fernando Po known All deaths would have occurred in rhe 1800s rherefore only rhe lasr two digirs are shown Ship In this column the name of the ship on 37 would then mean 1837 All cases where 99 which each emigrant was brought to the Liberian appears means thar the date of death unknown settlements is listed No abbreviarions are used here
Cause (D) This category gives the srared cause of Date (A) This last column gives the date of death where known No abbrevia tions are used here arrival in the Liberian settlements for each emigrant
DT (R) This column gives the date of removal For example 82226 would mean August 22 1826 for any emigrants known to have left the Liberian Whenever 99 is found in the date of arrival it means settlements after arriving that that particulat part of the date is unknown
The same procedure of showing only the last two
N1me AS Origin Status OCCliP Death Canse(D) DT(R) Pbcltl(R) Ship Date (A)
Adams George 17 Ky Freeborn Farmer 37 Consnmprion 99 Unknown Ame ri ca n 62633
Adams George 9 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 37 Anasarca 99 Unkown America 62633
AdltlffiS H annah 11 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 38 Co nsumption 99 Unknown American 62633
Whitaker Mary Ann 50 Ky Unknown BaS~3 Unknown 40 FtVer 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Whitaker Solomon 4S Ky Unknown Bass CV Un known 40 Fever 99 U nknown S3lud3 330140
WhiTaker WallaCC 2 1 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Sierra Leone Salnltu 3130140
Whiraker Willj~m 19 Ky Unknown B~sa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St luda 33040
(fllite Adam 26 Ky Emancprd Bus1CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 313040
White COlroline 13 Ky Emancptd Ba~sa CV Unknown 40 Fev 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
W hite Edward 30 Ky Imancprd Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Whire E1ijah 30 Ky Frttborn Caldwell Farmer 33 Fever 99 Unknown Ameriea n 6126133
Whire Emeline 18 Ky Emmcprd Mon rovia Unkown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown Rarque Union 71 4 1
Whiee Eurhemia 14 Ky Eamncptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmas Barque Unio n 711141
Wh ite Harriee 10 Ky Emancptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barque U nio n 71141
(Ihllc Henry 2 1 Ky EmancprJ Monrovia Farmer 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barqne Un ion 7114 1
While Humphrey 19 Ky Emilncpld BlS5a CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unkn own Saluda 313040
W hite Joanna 60 Ky Emallcprd Bnsa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 330140
w hitc Lncrena 16 Ky Emancprd BassaCV Unknown 99 U nknown 99 Unknown Salnda 33040
Whire Milton 19 Ky Emancprd Momovia Foumer 99 Unknown 40 Skrra Leone Barque Union 7114 1
White Rachel 2 Ky EmancptJ BaSSil Cy Unknown 40 F~er 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
White Roben 22 Ky Emancpt Monrovia Cook 99 Unknown 40 C Palmas Rarqne Union 711 4 1
Xfhj(C Robert 63 Ky EmallCp[d Monrovia Farmer 43 Decline 99 U nknown Barque Un ion 7 1141
W illiams Harrier 17 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Saluda 3130140
Williams James 4 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown S3l uda 3130140
W illiams Jane 34 Ky Em ancprd Caldwell U nknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 6126133
Wi lliams Malvina 24 Ky U nknown Bassa CV Unkn own 40 Fever 99 Unknown SaluJa mOHO
Wilson Alfred 5 Ky Unknown Cald well U nknown 33 Fevet 99 Unknown American 612633
Wilson 0(0 36 Ky Unk nown Caldwell Farmer 35 Decline 99 U nknown Anlerican 62633
Wboll Francis 4 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Henry 7 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 F~er 99 Un known American 6126133
Wilson Jane 3 Ky Unknown C aldwell Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Joshna 9 Ky Unknown C aldwdl U nknown 99 Un known 99 U nknown AmeriC-J n 611633
Wi nkic Marth 8 Ky Un known BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 C Palmu American 33040
Winkic Rebelaquoa Ky Unknown Bus CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Winkie Solomon 10 Ky Unknown BasSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmu St luJa 13040
Winkie Wi lliam 4 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 99 Unknowil 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Young Charles 13 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St lnda 33040
Yoong jane 12 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
Young John 8 Ky Unknown Bass CV Unknown 41 Plen risy 99 Unknown Salnda 3130140
Young Mary 10 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 4 1 Pleurisy 99 Unknown St luda 330140
Young Tenah 35 Ky unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Un known S3Juda 330140
181 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
In 1853 JD Simpson fo unded a new settlement on the right bank of the St Paul River It came to be called Clay Ashland and attracted both New York and Kentucky emigrants Augustus Houston the first person to jump off the boat at Clay Ashland said Well Im free 8 The settlement was also an attraction for native Africans who took advantage of their relationships with settlers from the United States One man asked if he wo uld return to his former country in Africa replied No if go back to my country they make me slave-I am here free-no one dare trouble me I got my land-my wife-my children learn book-I am here a white man9
The purpose of this document is to provide a list of those Kentucky African Americans who dared to make this risky return to Liberia between 1833 and 1841
1 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers Box 39 University of Kenwcky Special Colleccions and Archives Milly Crawford s len er appears on the websire wwwukyedu LCCHISscraps liberia See also Evans William McKee From (he Land of Canaan to tne Land of Guinea T he Su ange Odyssey of (he Som of Ham The American Hiswricai Review Vol 85 1 (February 1980) pages 19-20
2 Wickliffe-Preston Family Papers 3 Wickliffe-Presron Family Papers 4 Lucas Marion B A Hisrory of Blacks in Kentncky Vol 1
From Slavery ro Segregation Frankfon Kentucky Historical Sociecy 1992 See also KAAHT Kenruckys Mrican Arnerican
Heritage A Tirneline Kenrucky H isrorical Sociecy An agency of (he Educarion AHS amp Humaniries Cabinet 100 West
Broadway Frankfort KY 40601 (502) 564-1792
lt bull bull ~ ~
Cartographic Laboratory University of Wsconsm-Madison
Liberia Settler Enclaves 1843 Note Kentucky Immigrants Sites at Monrovia and Millsburg and Ca ldwell on the Sl Paul River
CT(JllonlI~
liO no c
Cartographic Laboratory University 01 WlsconsnmiddotMadsOrl
Sl Paul River Settlements in the Nineteenth Century including Clay-Ashland
5 Shick Tom W A Q uantitative analysis of Liberian
colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference [Q
morrality Journal of African History Vol XIl No C pages 45-60
6 Patton Adell Jr Firestone Rubber Li[[le Rock And rhe Evoluion of Racisrs Ideas In Liberia West Africa The Fitst Civil Rights Law In Africa and Neglected Theme in African History 1-46 (fo rthcoming)
7 Lucas Mation B A Hiscory of Blacks in Kentucky Vol 1 From Slavery to Segregation Frankfort Kenrucky Historical
Socie) 1992 pages 5-9 8 Shick Tom W Behold rhe Promised Land A History of
Afro-American Setder Sociecy in N ineteenth-Cenrury Liberia Balrirnore The Johns Hopkins Universiry Press 1980 p 77
9 Shick Tom W A Quantitative analysis of Liberian colonization from 1820 co 1843 with special reference co mortality Journal of Mrican Hiswty Vol XlI No ] gt p 59
2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39middot4 176
Kentucky Mrican American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
Source Liberian Studies Research Working Paper No2 Emigrants to Liberia 1820 to 1843
An Alphabetical Listing By Tom w Shick
Published by the Department ofAnthropology University of Delaware
By Liberian Studies Association in America Inc
An Explanation of the table by column ARR PT This column gives the name of the particular settlement in Liberia ro which the emishy
Name Each emigrant is lisred by name in alphashy grant first arrived berical order Bassa Cv Bassa Cove
In all cases where possible I have listed the emishy Millsbrg Millsberg grants with their last name first and first name last N Georgia North Georgia There are however cases where only one name was Edina G B Edina Grand Bassa recorded Children with no recorded firsr name are lisred with their last name followed by infant or unk GO Bassa Grand Bassa (unknown)
Literacy This column gives information regarding Age Ages are listed as given in the table Whershy
ever 99 is found it means that the age of the patticushylar emigrant is unknown rather than 99 years of age
Origin Tilis column refers to the place that the emigrants were recorded as being from before their emigration to Liberia In most cases this means the state in the United States Some abbreviations were necessary in this column
Louis Louisiana N C North Carolina S C South Carolina Tenn Tennessee NY New York Miss Mississippi WashDC Washingron DC
Status This column refers to the personal status of the individual emigrants
freeborn emigrants that were not born infO
slavery Alfred Francis Russell president of emancipated emigrants that were generally freed Liberia from 1883 to 1884 was born in
for the expressed purpose of deportation ro Liberia Lexington and died on 4 April 1884
177 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
rhe extent of literacy for each emigrant where digits of the date holds in this case as it did in the known case of listing rhe date of death Again 99 is used to
IlIitrat IIlirerate denote that no information is ava ilable Librl Ed Liberal Ed ucation
Place This column gives the place of removal for Occup This column refers to the occuparional those emigtants that left the settlements
skills of each emigrant No abbreviations are used U S United States here Sierra L Sierra Leone
C Palmas Cape Palmas Death This designation refers (0 rhe year in Br Accra British Accta
which each emigranr died where such informarion is Frndo Po Fernando Po known All deaths would have occurred in rhe 1800s rherefore only rhe lasr two digirs are shown Ship In this column the name of the ship on 37 would then mean 1837 All cases where 99 which each emigrant was brought to the Liberian appears means thar the date of death unknown settlements is listed No abbreviarions are used here
Cause (D) This category gives the srared cause of Date (A) This last column gives the date of death where known No abbrevia tions are used here arrival in the Liberian settlements for each emigrant
DT (R) This column gives the date of removal For example 82226 would mean August 22 1826 for any emigrants known to have left the Liberian Whenever 99 is found in the date of arrival it means settlements after arriving that that particulat part of the date is unknown
The same procedure of showing only the last two
N1me AS Origin Status OCCliP Death Canse(D) DT(R) Pbcltl(R) Ship Date (A)
Adams George 17 Ky Freeborn Farmer 37 Consnmprion 99 Unknown Ame ri ca n 62633
Adams George 9 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 37 Anasarca 99 Unkown America 62633
AdltlffiS H annah 11 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 38 Co nsumption 99 Unknown American 62633
Whitaker Mary Ann 50 Ky Unknown BaS~3 Unknown 40 FtVer 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Whitaker Solomon 4S Ky Unknown Bass CV Un known 40 Fever 99 U nknown S3lud3 330140
WhiTaker WallaCC 2 1 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Sierra Leone Salnltu 3130140
Whiraker Willj~m 19 Ky Unknown B~sa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St luda 33040
(fllite Adam 26 Ky Emancprd Bus1CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 313040
White COlroline 13 Ky Emancptd Ba~sa CV Unknown 40 Fev 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
W hite Edward 30 Ky Imancprd Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Whire E1ijah 30 Ky Frttborn Caldwell Farmer 33 Fever 99 Unknown Ameriea n 6126133
Whire Emeline 18 Ky Emmcprd Mon rovia Unkown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown Rarque Union 71 4 1
Whiee Eurhemia 14 Ky Eamncptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmas Barque Unio n 711141
Wh ite Harriee 10 Ky Emancptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barque U nio n 71141
(Ihllc Henry 2 1 Ky EmancprJ Monrovia Farmer 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barqne Un ion 7114 1
While Humphrey 19 Ky Emilncpld BlS5a CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unkn own Saluda 313040
W hite Joanna 60 Ky Emallcprd Bnsa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 330140
w hitc Lncrena 16 Ky Emancprd BassaCV Unknown 99 U nknown 99 Unknown Salnda 33040
Whire Milton 19 Ky Emancprd Momovia Foumer 99 Unknown 40 Skrra Leone Barque Union 7114 1
White Rachel 2 Ky EmancptJ BaSSil Cy Unknown 40 F~er 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
White Roben 22 Ky Emancpt Monrovia Cook 99 Unknown 40 C Palmas Rarqne Union 711 4 1
Xfhj(C Robert 63 Ky EmallCp[d Monrovia Farmer 43 Decline 99 U nknown Barque Un ion 7 1141
W illiams Harrier 17 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Saluda 3130140
Williams James 4 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown S3l uda 3130140
W illiams Jane 34 Ky Em ancprd Caldwell U nknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 6126133
Wi lliams Malvina 24 Ky U nknown Bassa CV Unkn own 40 Fever 99 Unknown SaluJa mOHO
Wilson Alfred 5 Ky Unknown Cald well U nknown 33 Fevet 99 Unknown American 612633
Wilson 0(0 36 Ky Unk nown Caldwell Farmer 35 Decline 99 U nknown Anlerican 62633
Wboll Francis 4 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Henry 7 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 F~er 99 Un known American 6126133
Wilson Jane 3 Ky Unknown C aldwell Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Joshna 9 Ky Unknown C aldwdl U nknown 99 Un known 99 U nknown AmeriC-J n 611633
Wi nkic Marth 8 Ky Un known BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 C Palmu American 33040
Winkic Rebelaquoa Ky Unknown Bus CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Winkie Solomon 10 Ky Unknown BasSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmu St luJa 13040
Winkie Wi lliam 4 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 99 Unknowil 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Young Charles 13 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St lnda 33040
Yoong jane 12 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
Young John 8 Ky Unknown Bass CV Unknown 41 Plen risy 99 Unknown Salnda 3130140
Young Mary 10 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 4 1 Pleurisy 99 Unknown St luda 330140
Young Tenah 35 Ky unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Un known S3Juda 330140
181 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky Mrican American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
Source Liberian Studies Research Working Paper No2 Emigrants to Liberia 1820 to 1843
An Alphabetical Listing By Tom w Shick
Published by the Department ofAnthropology University of Delaware
By Liberian Studies Association in America Inc
An Explanation of the table by column ARR PT This column gives the name of the particular settlement in Liberia ro which the emishy
Name Each emigrant is lisred by name in alphashy grant first arrived berical order Bassa Cv Bassa Cove
In all cases where possible I have listed the emishy Millsbrg Millsberg grants with their last name first and first name last N Georgia North Georgia There are however cases where only one name was Edina G B Edina Grand Bassa recorded Children with no recorded firsr name are lisred with their last name followed by infant or unk GO Bassa Grand Bassa (unknown)
Literacy This column gives information regarding Age Ages are listed as given in the table Whershy
ever 99 is found it means that the age of the patticushylar emigrant is unknown rather than 99 years of age
Origin Tilis column refers to the place that the emigrants were recorded as being from before their emigration to Liberia In most cases this means the state in the United States Some abbreviations were necessary in this column
Louis Louisiana N C North Carolina S C South Carolina Tenn Tennessee NY New York Miss Mississippi WashDC Washingron DC
Status This column refers to the personal status of the individual emigrants
freeborn emigrants that were not born infO
slavery Alfred Francis Russell president of emancipated emigrants that were generally freed Liberia from 1883 to 1884 was born in
for the expressed purpose of deportation ro Liberia Lexington and died on 4 April 1884
177 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
rhe extent of literacy for each emigrant where digits of the date holds in this case as it did in the known case of listing rhe date of death Again 99 is used to
IlIitrat IIlirerate denote that no information is ava ilable Librl Ed Liberal Ed ucation
Place This column gives the place of removal for Occup This column refers to the occuparional those emigtants that left the settlements
skills of each emigrant No abbreviations are used U S United States here Sierra L Sierra Leone
C Palmas Cape Palmas Death This designation refers (0 rhe year in Br Accra British Accta
which each emigranr died where such informarion is Frndo Po Fernando Po known All deaths would have occurred in rhe 1800s rherefore only rhe lasr two digirs are shown Ship In this column the name of the ship on 37 would then mean 1837 All cases where 99 which each emigrant was brought to the Liberian appears means thar the date of death unknown settlements is listed No abbreviarions are used here
Cause (D) This category gives the srared cause of Date (A) This last column gives the date of death where known No abbrevia tions are used here arrival in the Liberian settlements for each emigrant
DT (R) This column gives the date of removal For example 82226 would mean August 22 1826 for any emigrants known to have left the Liberian Whenever 99 is found in the date of arrival it means settlements after arriving that that particulat part of the date is unknown
The same procedure of showing only the last two
N1me AS Origin Status OCCliP Death Canse(D) DT(R) Pbcltl(R) Ship Date (A)
Adams George 17 Ky Freeborn Farmer 37 Consnmprion 99 Unknown Ame ri ca n 62633
Adams George 9 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 37 Anasarca 99 Unkown America 62633
AdltlffiS H annah 11 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 38 Co nsumption 99 Unknown American 62633
Whitaker Mary Ann 50 Ky Unknown BaS~3 Unknown 40 FtVer 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Whitaker Solomon 4S Ky Unknown Bass CV Un known 40 Fever 99 U nknown S3lud3 330140
WhiTaker WallaCC 2 1 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Sierra Leone Salnltu 3130140
Whiraker Willj~m 19 Ky Unknown B~sa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St luda 33040
(fllite Adam 26 Ky Emancprd Bus1CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 313040
White COlroline 13 Ky Emancptd Ba~sa CV Unknown 40 Fev 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
W hite Edward 30 Ky Imancprd Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Whire E1ijah 30 Ky Frttborn Caldwell Farmer 33 Fever 99 Unknown Ameriea n 6126133
Whire Emeline 18 Ky Emmcprd Mon rovia Unkown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown Rarque Union 71 4 1
Whiee Eurhemia 14 Ky Eamncptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmas Barque Unio n 711141
Wh ite Harriee 10 Ky Emancptd Monrovia Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barque U nio n 71141
(Ihllc Henry 2 1 Ky EmancprJ Monrovia Farmer 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Barqne Un ion 7114 1
While Humphrey 19 Ky Emilncpld BlS5a CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unkn own Saluda 313040
W hite Joanna 60 Ky Emallcprd Bnsa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 330140
w hitc Lncrena 16 Ky Emancprd BassaCV Unknown 99 U nknown 99 Unknown Salnda 33040
Whire Milton 19 Ky Emancprd Momovia Foumer 99 Unknown 40 Skrra Leone Barque Union 7114 1
White Rachel 2 Ky EmancptJ BaSSil Cy Unknown 40 F~er 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
White Roben 22 Ky Emancpt Monrovia Cook 99 Unknown 40 C Palmas Rarqne Union 711 4 1
Xfhj(C Robert 63 Ky EmallCp[d Monrovia Farmer 43 Decline 99 U nknown Barque Un ion 7 1141
W illiams Harrier 17 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 99 Unknown 99 U nknown Saluda 3130140
Williams James 4 Ky Unknown BaSSil CV U nknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown S3l uda 3130140
W illiams Jane 34 Ky Em ancprd Caldwell U nknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 6126133
Wi lliams Malvina 24 Ky U nknown Bassa CV Unkn own 40 Fever 99 Unknown SaluJa mOHO
Wilson Alfred 5 Ky Unknown Cald well U nknown 33 Fevet 99 Unknown American 612633
Wilson 0(0 36 Ky Unk nown Caldwell Farmer 35 Decline 99 U nknown Anlerican 62633
Wboll Francis 4 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 Fever 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Henry 7 Ky Unknown Caldwell Unknown 33 F~er 99 Un known American 6126133
Wilson Jane 3 Ky Unknown C aldwell Unknown 99 Unknown 99 Unknown American 626133
Wilson Joshna 9 Ky Unknown C aldwdl U nknown 99 Un known 99 U nknown AmeriC-J n 611633
Wi nkic Marth 8 Ky Un known BaSSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 C Palmu American 33040
Winkic Rebelaquoa Ky Unknown Bus CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Saluda 33040
Winkie Solomon 10 Ky Unknown BasSil CV Unknown 99 Unknown 4 1 CPalmu St luJa 13040
Winkie Wi lliam 4 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 99 Unknowil 99 Unknown Saludt 33040
Young Charles 13 Ky Unknown BassaCV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown St lnda 33040
Yoong jane 12 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Unknown Salnda 330140
Young John 8 Ky Unknown Bass CV Unknown 41 Plen risy 99 Unknown Salnda 3130140
Young Mary 10 Ky Unknown Bassa CV Unknown 4 1 Pleurisy 99 Unknown St luda 330140
Young Tenah 35 Ky unknown Bassa CV Unknown 40 Fever 99 Un known S3Juda 330140
181 2004 Kentucky Ancestors V39-4
Kentucky African American Immigrants to Liberia continued____
rhe extent of literacy for each emigrant where digits of the date holds in this case as it did in the known case of listing rhe date of death Again 99 is used to
IlIitrat IIlirerate denote that no information is ava ilable Librl Ed Liberal Ed ucation
Place This column gives the place of removal for Occup This column refers to the occuparional those emigtants that left the settlements
skills of each emigrant No abbreviations are used U S United States here Sierra L Sierra Leone
C Palmas Cape Palmas Death This designation refers (0 rhe year in Br Accra British Accta
which each emigranr died where such informarion is Frndo Po Fernando Po known All deaths would have occurred in rhe 1800s rherefore only rhe lasr two digirs are shown Ship In this column the name of the ship on 37 would then mean 1837 All cases where 99 which each emigrant was brought to the Liberian appears means thar the date of death unknown settlements is listed No abbreviarions are used here
Cause (D) This category gives the srared cause of Date (A) This last column gives the date of death where known No abbrevia tions are used here arrival in the Liberian settlements for each emigrant
DT (R) This column gives the date of removal For example 82226 would mean August 22 1826 for any emigrants known to have left the Liberian Whenever 99 is found in the date of arrival it means settlements after arriving that that particulat part of the date is unknown
The same procedure of showing only the last two
N1me AS Origin Status OCCliP Death Canse(D) DT(R) Pbcltl(R) Ship Date (A)
Adams George 17 Ky Freeborn Farmer 37 Consnmprion 99 Unknown Ame ri ca n 62633
Adams George 9 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 37 Anasarca 99 Unkown America 62633
AdltlffiS H annah 11 Ky Freeborn Caldwell Un known 38 Co nsumption 99 Unknown American 62633
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