Volcano NotesVolcano Notes

By Mrs. Sabol

Any opening in earth’s crust that allows magma or gases to escape earth’s crust.

How it forms.

Magma mixes with gases in the mantle.

• Collects in magma pools in the crust

• Reduction in pressure causes an eruption

Cinder cone

Shield Cone

Strato volcano

Types of volcanoes

Types of volcanoes

Shield Volcano

1. Lava quietly flows from the vent.2. Mountain covers a large area.3. Sides are gently sloped4. Dome shaped mountain5. Example: Moana Loa

TYPES OF VOLCANOES

CINDER CONE

1. Cinder and rock particles are thrown into the air.2. Steep sides3. Usually smaller in size4. Example: Paracutin, Mexico

TYPES OF VOLCANOES

Strato volcanoes

1. Violent eruption of tephra, followed by quiet lava flow.

2. Large mountain3. Sides are steep.4. Examples: Mt. Fuji, Japan, Mt. St. Helen’s, Mt.

Vesuvius

Types of volcanoesClassified by how often they erupt

Active - erupting constantly - Moana LoaIntermittent - erupt on a regular basis -Mt. VesuviusDormant - have not erupted in a while, but could in the future - Mt. LassenExtinct - have not erupted in written history - Mt. Kenya

Where are they found?

Mid-ocean ridges Iceland Azores

Divergent Boundariesconvergentboundary

one plateslides under

Mt. St. HelensWashington

Subduction Zones

Region of hot magma

in the mantle

thinner crustover

the hot area

Hawaii

Hot Spot

Warning signs

1. Increase in earthquakes2. Bulges in the mountain3. Change in harmonic tremors4. Smoke or dust coming from a vent5. Change in seismometer or tiltmeter readings6. Increase in sulfur dioxide7. Lava dome doubled in size

Long term effects• Volcanic dust

A. May remain in the jet stream for several years.B, May block sunlightC. May reduce the average temperature of the earth, which may reverse the greenhouse effect

2. Property destruction3. Loss of lives4. Create fertile soil and increase new plant life.5. Vivid sunsets6. Acid rain

Resultant effect of volcanoes(Sudden or instantaneous)

1. Pyroclastic flow or surge2. Lahars3. Ash4. Lava5. Earthquakes6. Changes in the biosphere, cryosphere and

atmosphere