Volleyball

INDEX:

1.History of volleyball

2.Field of play, the net and the ball

3.The game

4.Techniques

History: BeginningsVolleyball history began in a town called Holyoke, Massachusetts in 1895. The sport was developed at the YMCA by William G. Morgan as an alternative for the older men that was less taxing than basketball. Originally called Mintonette, it took the net from tennis and took cues from basketball, baseball and handball. The net was only 6'6" high, just above the average man's head.

Originally, there was no limit to the number of players on a team or the number of contacts per side and the game was primarily played from the ground.

History: DevelopmentThe spike was first developed in the Philippines in 1916 and changed the way the game was played. Later called volleyball due to the fact that players "volleyed" the ball back and forth, the sport was embraced by the US military and was played often in their free time. Soldiers stationed all over the world played volleyball and taught the locals to play as well, inadvertently spreading the sport to many nations.

History: Beach game emergesVolleyball was first played indoors, but it was brought out to the beach sometime in the 1920's. There is some debate about where the first beach volleyball game was played, but the two most likely theories are Santa Monica, CA and The Outrigger Canoe Club in Hawaii. Organized beach tournaments were played as early as 1948, but the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) did not emerge until 1983.

History: Olympic inclusionIndoor volleyball was added to the Olympics in 1964. Beach volleyball was added as an exhibition sport in 1996 and immediately became the hottest ticket at the games.

History: PopularityNowadays, volleyball is second only to soccer in worldwide popularity. Approximately 46 million Americans play the game and an estimated 800 million play all over the world.

Field of play: DimensionsThe Volleyball court dimensions for indoor and outdoor volleyball courts are different. In competitive volleyball, the court measurements, net requirements and ball particulars are strictly followed and must be the same for all games and teams.

The game of Indoor Volleyball is played on a rectangular court that is divided in half by a high net. The court measurements for regulation play are 18 meters (59 feet) long by 9 meters (29 feet 6 inches) wide.A Beach Volleyball Court measures 16m x 8m.

Field of play: The lines and zones• The Centerline divides the volleyball court into two equal halves that measure a perfect square, 9 meters by 9

meters. The volleyball net is hung at the Centerline.

• The Attack Line, or Center Line, is 3 meters from the net on each side of the court. The Attack Line runs parallel to the net and divides the playing area into the back row (or back court) and front row (or front court).

• The rows are further divided into zones, with three zones and positions per row. From left to right, the back row has Zone 5 - Left Back Position, Zone 6 - Middle Back Position, and Zone 1 - Right Back Position, where the server is stationed during service. The front row has Zone 4 - Left Front Position, Zone 3 - Middle Front Position, and Zone 2 - Right Front Position, also in order from left to right.

Field of play: The lines and zones• The Free Zone is the area surrounding the volleyball court. It measures 3

meters wide, and players are allowed to enter the Free Zone during game play.

• The court boundary lines are generally 2 inches wide, and they are part of the actual court measurements. So the ball remains in play if it lands directly on the line.

The netThe volleyball net is hung at the exact center of the volleyball court between the two sidelines. It is 1 meter wide and the height is different for men and women. For men-s games, the volleyball net is 2.43 meters from the floor. For women-s games, the volleyball net hangs 2.24 meters off of the floor.

An antenna is placed on each side of the net, lining up with the sidelines or court boundaries. The two antennae are a guideline for when the ball is in or out of play. The ball must pass completely over the net and inside both of these antennae in order to remain in play.

The ballFIVB regulations state that the ball must be spherical, made of leather or synthetic leather, have a circumference of 65–67 cm, a weight of 260–280 g and an inside pressure of 0.30–0.325 kg/cm2. Other governing bodies have similar regulations.

The game: Rules and players

• Each team is composed of six players.

• Maximum of three hits per side.

• Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit).

• Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve.

• A ball touching a boundary line is good.

• A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.

• If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play.

• A player must not block or attack a serve.

• Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players ( after the serve only ).

The game: Rotations

• There will be a point scored on every score of the ball.

• Offense will score on a defense miss or out of bounds hit.

• Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or serve into the net.

• Game will be played to 25 pts.

• Must win by 2 points.

• Matches are best-of-five sets and the fifth set, if necessary, is usually played to 15 points.

The game: Fouls• Stepping on or over the line on a serve.

• Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.

• Hitting the ball illegally ( Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc. ).

• Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.

• Reaching over the net, except under these conditions a) When executing a follow-through b) When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned ( the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact). Except to block the third play.

• Reaches under the net ( if it interferes with the ball or opposing player ).

• Failure to serve in the correct order.

• Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in a back row position.

The game: Referees

Referees are the officials who are responsible for ensuring that all rules of the games are followed. Two official referees are in any volleyball game. The first referee, or R1, stands at the referee stand. The first official gives the signal to start the game by whistling and has the authority to overrule any other official’s decision. The second referee, or R2, is responsible for keeping track of time, administrating the substitutes and communicating with the coaches or teams effectively as well as assisting the first official.

The game: RotationsVolleyball is a sport in which teams have to rotate when they score a point while they didn’t serve. This picture shows the positions and the order of those rotations.

The game: Susbtitutions• Each team can make 12 substitutions per set. Teams can substitute the same player

multiple times within a set, as long as the teams do not exceed their 12-substitution limit. Players can only reenter the game in their original positions within the team's rotation.

• Each team can designate two Libero players. The Libero player, a defensive specialist, must remain in the back row throughout the game and cannot serve, attack or block the ball. Substitutions involving the Libero player do not count toward a team's substitution count per set. Teams can substitute the Libero in and out of the game an unlimited number of times. The Libero can only replace a back row player.

The game: Susbtitutions• Players entering or leaving the court during a regular substitution must cross

the sideline between the attack line and the scorer's table. The Libero player must enter and leave the court between the attack line and the court's end line.

• A team can request a substitution at the start of a set or during a time-out. You can substitute more than one player at a time. The referee must authorize all substitutions and the scorer must record them. A team can make a Libero substitution before the start of a set, during a time-out or before the service whistle.

Technique: The tip

In volleyball, the tip is an attack that is not hard-driven in which the hitter uses the fingertips to softly place the ball in the opponent’s court. It is also known as “dink”.

Technique: The bump

The bump is the act of passing the ball with the forearms.

Technique: The spike

To perform a spike means to hit the ball with one hand reasonably hard and aim it towards the floor on the other side of the net making it hard for the opposing team to receive the ball.

Technique: The spike

The spike is an attempt to stop an opponent’s attack by putting up two straight arms in front of him.

Technique: The serve• Server must serve from

behind the end line until after contact

• Ball may be served underhand or overhand

• Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve

• Served ball may graze the net and drop to theother side for point

• First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser

• Serve must be returned by a bump only. no setting or attacking a serve

The serving puts the ball into play

It has to follow those rules

The endAntonio Víctor Garrido Martínez

1º Bachillerato A