62
Volume 1, Issue 10 Date-released: September 19, 2018
News reports
- Mushrooms Break Sales Records Across the Board Up-coming events
- The 10th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference First Circular - Third Announcement of the 9th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and
Mushroom Products
- The 12th Chinese Mushroom Days - Australian Mushrooms Growers' 43rd Conference
Research progress
- New Researches Points and Reviews
- Medicinal Mushrooms in Human Clinical Studies. Part I. Anticancer, Oncoimmunological, and Immunomodulatory Activities: A Review (Part III), by Solomon P. Wasser
Call for Papers Contact information
Issue Editor- Mr. Ziqiang Liu [email protected]
Department of Edible Mushrooms, CFNA, 4/F, Talent International Building
No. 80 Guangqumennei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 10062, China
Mushrooms break sales records across the board
By Chris Koger
Fresh mushroom sales set a new record in the 2017-18 season.
While overall production of mushrooms in the U.S. was slightly down in the 2017-18 season, sales hit an all-time high
for the crop, at USD 1.23 billion, buoyed by per-pound increases across the board, for fresh and processed, Agaricus
and specialty mushrooms.
Total mushroom production was 416 million kg in 2017-18,
down 2% from the previous season, but with average prices
rising 7 cents a kg for the overall crop, the USD 1.23 billion
represents a 1% increase from the past season, according to the
U.S. Department of Agriculture’s annual mushroom report,
released Aug. 21.
The percentage of mushrooms that went to the fresh market —
91% — is the highest since the USDA began reporting on the crop in 1966, when overall production was much lower
(under 70 million kg), and 75% of the crop went to processors.
Fresh Agaricus sales (white button/portabello/crimini) averaged USD 3 a kg, a two-cent increase, and processed
Agaricus markets rose from about USD 1.49 a kg to USD 1.64 a kg.
Specialty mushrooms, the bulk of which are grown for the fresh market, saw average prices across the U.S. rise from
USD 8.58 a kg last season to USD 9.02 in 2017-18. The value of the specialty mushroom crop rose from USD 92.6 million
two years ago to USD 105.7 million in 2017-18, according to the report.
Agaricus production was 404 million kg, of which 84.8 million kg were brown mushrooms (crimini/portabello). Specialty
mushroom production was 12.4 million kg, a slight decrease from the previous year.
Organic mushrooms continue to see steep growth, with sales at about 10% of the overall crop. Of the 58 million kg
certified as organic, only 68% were marketed as organic, but that’s still a 17% increase over the previous season. And
while the mushroom industry has seen the number growers shrink — 19 fewer specialty growers in two years and 22
fewer Agaricus growers in the past 10 years — organic producers added four to their number in the past year, and at
80 growers, they represent 26% of the 307 growers in the U.S., according to the report.
From www.thepacker.com
News Reports
The 10th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference
First Circular
The awareness of the international movement for the medicinal mushroom industry made
a marked important milestone when the International Journal of Medicinal Mushroom
(IJMM) was launched in 1999 by Begell House Inc. (USA). This organized effort then led to
the inaugural International Medicinal Mushroom Conference (IMMC) held in Kiev, Ukraine, in 2001 where it was agreed
that there would be an IMMC every two years. The IMMC2 was then held in Pattaya, Thailand, in 2003; The IMMC3 was
held in Port Townsend, Wasington, USA, in 2005; and afterwards IMMC4 was held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 2007. The
IMMC5 was held in Nantong, China, in 2009. In 2011 the IMMC6 was held in Zagreb, Croatia. Next, the IMMC7 was held
in Beijing, China, in 2013. The IMMC8 was held in Manizales, Colombia and the IMMC9 was held in Palermo, Italy. The
10th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference will be held in Nantong, China, 19-22 September 2019. We invite
scientists, students, mycologists, medical doctors, immunologists, contagious disease specialists, naturopaths,
biochemists, and all those who are interested in studying and discussing the most current research on medicinal
mushrooms and their properties.
Nantong City is located in the Southeast China T-type Yangtze River economic zone, neighboring Shanghai. It is well
known as the treasure place, the village of longevity, sports and education. There are beautiful hills, clear waters and
brilliant people in Nantong. It is known as the “First City in Modern China”. The endless glamour and profound cultural
connotations of Nantong can be seen from the hills, the river, the people, the city, the bridge and the mushrooms.
The theme of the conference: Medicinal Mushroom Science: Innovation and Challenge
Organized by:
International Society for Medicinal Mushrooms
China Chamber of Commerce of Foodstuffs and Native Produce
Co-organized by:
China Chamber of Commerce of Foodstuffs and Native Produce, Edible Mushroom Branch
Internationally Cooperative Research Center of China for New Germplasm Breading of Edible Mushroom
Jiangsu Alphay Bio-Technology Co., Ltd.
Strategic Alliance for Technological Innovation of National Food and Medicinal Mushroom Industry
Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Processing, Ministry of Agriculture
Up-coming Events
Date and Location
The 10th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference (IMMC10) will be held in Nantong, China, September 19-22,
2019.
Registration date: September 18, 2019.
Organization
Local Organizing Committee
Honorary Chairmen: Prof. Shu-Ting Chang and Prof. Solomon P. Wasser
Chairman: Prof. Yu Li
Executive Chairman: Mr. Hui Chen
Vice Chairman: Mr. Weidong Rong
General Secretary: Mr. Ziqiang Liu
Deputy General Secretary: Ms. Xin Yan, Mr. Dongming Zhao
E-mail: [email protected]
International Scientific Committee
Prof. Shu-Ting Chang (Australia/China)
Prof. Solomon P. Wasser (Israel/Ukraine)
Prof. Yu Li (China)
Prof. Zhibin Lin (China)
Prof. Leo J.L.D. Griensven (the Netherlands)
Prof. Ulrike Lindequist (Germany)
Prof. Guiseppe Venturella (Italy)
Dr. Carmenza Jaramillo (Columbia)
Prof. Omon S. Isikhuemhen (USA/Nigeria)
Prof. Franc Pohleven (Slovenia)
Prof. Marin Berovik (Slovenia)
Prof. Naohito Ohno (Japan)
Prof. Ha Won Kim (Korea)
Prof. Geogios I. Zervakis (Greece)
Prof. Hui-Chen Lo (Chinese Taipei)
Prof. Jeng-Leun Mau (Chinese Taipei)
Dr. Sheng-Hua Wu (Chinese Taipei)
Prof. Ruey-Shyang Hseu (Chinese Taipei)
Prof. Peter C. K. Cheung (Hong Kong, China)
Prof. Vinay K. Varshney (India)
Prof. Hikmet Hakan Aydin (Turkey)
Dr. R. D. Rai (India)
Dr. John Holliday (USA)
Dr. Paul Stamets (USA)
Dr. Nadezda V. Psurtseva (Russia)
Prof. Andrei Goncharov (Russia)
Prof. Vikineswary Sabaratnan (Malaysia)
Dr. Mikheil Asatiani (Georgia)
Dr. Angela Amazonas (Brazil)
Prof. Ivan Jakopovic (Croatia)
Prof. Keto E. Mshigeni (Tanzania)
Prof. Yijian Yao (China)
Prof. Ruoyun Chen (China)
Prof. Jingsong Zhang (China)
Prof. Baoxue Yang (China)
Prof. Xiaobo Sun (China)
International Publishing Committee
Prof. Shu-Ting Chang (Australia/China)
Prof. Solomon P. Wasser (Israel/Ukraine)
Prof. Yu Li (China)
Dr. Mingjie Chen (China)
Prof. Xiaotong Yang (China)
Prof. HaiYing Bao (China)
Prof. Junfang Lin (China)
Dr. Pu Liu (China)
Dr. Xiaofei Tian (China)
Dr. Shujie Cheng (China)
Ms. Chunhua Xu (China)
Programs of the conference
A. Keynote speeches
B. Scientific Forum on Medicinal Mushrooms
Different symposia dedicated to:
1) Biodiversity of Medicinal Mushrooms (Conservation, Taxonomy and Ecological Distribution);
2) Genetics and Breeding of Medicinal Mushrooms (including Molecular Biology);
3) Cultivation and Fermentation of Medicinal Mushrooms;
4) Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Mushrooms Active Compounds;
5) Medicinal Mushrooms in Veterinary and Agriculture;
6) Medicinal Mushrooms in Clinical Practice;
7) Nutritional and Medicinal Value of Mushroom Products;
8) Industrialization of Medicinal Mushrooms Products (including Management, Marketing, Laws and Regulations,
Standardization).
C. Poster Exhibition
Poster time: 8:30 am-6:00 pm, September 19-22, 2019.
Posters should follow the conference themes including title, authors and relevant institutions, introduction, materials
and methods, results and discussion, and main references. The poster size should not exceed 80×110 cm (width×height).
D. International Mushroom Expo
60-80 standard stands (3m×3m) are available for exhibiting mushroom products and the latest researches. It is the best
way to inform potential customers about your products and services. To participate in the exhibition, please send E-
mail to [email protected], Tel: +86-13552827268 (Mr. Yadong Huang); +86-13910657921 (Mr. Dongming Zhao); +86-
13311573135 (Mr. Ziqiang Liu), Fax: +86-10-87109861.
Call for papers
Abstract
We would be pleased to receive abstracts from interested authors that follow the symposia themes. Abstracts should
focus on current issues relevant ongoing research and/or progress made in culinary-medicinal mushroom industry and
should be scientific and/or of technical content.
Your abstracts should clearly define the objectives of the presentation or the topics covered, key conclusions reached,
and potential benefits for scientific development and progress made in the industry. Abstracts should not be more than
500 words but not less than 300.
The abstracts will be published in a book of abstracts, which will be printed and distributed to the participants at the
conference.
The electronic version must be prepared in Microsoft Word format and in the required abstract form (download from
www.immc10.com). It should be submitted online (www.immc10.com) before May 15, 2019.
Full paper
Several excellent papers received for the IMMC10 will be published in the International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
(IJMM). Please send the full paper manuscripts according to journal format of the IJMM (can be download from
www.immc10.com) if the IMMC10 secretary informs you of your abstract’s acceptance. Full paper should be submitted
online (www.immc10.com) before July 31, 2019. The paper manuscript should not have published in any venue before.
Award for Outstanding Paper
In order to encourage the scholars who participated in the conference to submit high-level and excellent academic
papers that are in line with international standards, “The 10th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference Award for
Outstanding Paper” has been set up. The first prize for one person will be RMB 20,000 (approximately USD 3,000), the
second prize for three persons will be RMB 5,000 cash (approximately USD 760 each), and the third prize for five persons
will be RMB 3,000 cash (approximately USD 460 each). Please download the information about the award at
www.immc10.com.
If you have any questions, please send E-mail to [email protected].
Deadlines
August-September 2018 Opening of the conference website and distribution of first circular
September 2018 Opening of registration on line
15 March 2019 Distribution of second circular
15 May 2019 Abstract submission deadline
15 June 2019 Notification to authors of abstract acceptance
30 June 2019 Early bird registration deadline
31 July 2019 Full paper submission deadline
31 August 2019 Closing date for registrations on-line and accommodations
18 September 2019 Registration desk opens
19-22 September 2019 IMMC10-2019
For more information, please visit www.immc10.com
Conference fees
Registration fees
The “Preliminary Registration Form and Expression of interest form” will be published online register system.
Online registration are available from September 2019 on the conference website: www.immc10.com.
Registration Type Early Birds
(until 30 June, 2019)
Normal
(after 30 June, 2019)
Regular attendees USD 553 USD 599
Student * USD 383 USD 415
Accompanying person USD 383 USD 415
*Student rate applies to those registered for a higher degree. Student registration forms must be accompanied by a
signed letter from the head of the department confitming the student’s status.
The fee does not include accommodation costs.
Conference fee includes: admission to all scientific sessions, free entrance to the conference exhibition, conference bag
and registration documents, printed program and book of abstracts, book of proceedings, scientific excursion, welcome
reception, lunches and dinners during the conference and coffee breaks.
If you have any question about registration, please send E-mail to [email protected].
Exhibition fees
60-80 standard stands (3m×3m) are available for exhibiting mushroom products and the latest research. It is the best
way to inform potential customers about your products and services. Every standard stand fee is USD1,028, including
one attendee’s conference fee. To participate in the exhibition, please send E-mail to [email protected].
Payment
All payment from non-PRC participants should be in US dollars.
Payment can be made using a Bank Draft, Bank Transfer. Please refer to the following bank information:
BENEFICIARY: CFNA
BENEICIARY’S BANK: BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS CO., LTD
BEIJING MUNICIPAL BRANCH
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 110060194145300004859
SWIFT CODE: COMMCNSHBJG
If you have any question about payment, please send E-mail to [email protected].
Cancellation Policy
Cancellation of registration should be sent in writing to the secretariat by E-mail ([email protected]).
An administrative charge will be deducted from the amount, according to the date the cancellation letter is received.
All refunds will be processed after the Conference. Registration fees are not transferable.
Cancellation on or before May 1, 2019 80% refund
Cancellation on or before August 1, 2019 50% refund
Cancellation after August 1, 2019 No refund
Accommodation
Hotels and Rates: A number of hotel rooms have been reserved at a special discount rate for participants. Only bookings
made through the secretariat can take advantage of these rates. All rates are inclusive of taxes and services.
Hotel Name Discount Price (USD) (per room per night)
Deluxe King Room River View King Room Deluxe Twin Room
Intercontinental Hotel USD 115 USD 130 USD 115
Hotel Reservation: Please complete the registration form and send it to the conference Secretariat. The secretary will
handle your reservation before 25 August 2019.
Notes:
1. The room rate includes service charge and taxes.
2. The discount price includes one buffet breakfast.
3. For those who intend to share rooms, please write down your roommate's name in the hotel reservation form online.
4. Check-in time is at 2:00 pm and check-out time is at 12:00 noon.
If you have any question about accommodations, please send E-mail to [email protected].
For more information visit the conference website at www.immc10.com
Sponsorship
The Organizing Committee would like to offer the following sponsorship levels and benefits to private persons and
companies that are interested in medicinal mushroom and would support the Committee in finance to organize this
important event.
There are six levels of sponsorship:
Diamond Sponsorship (USD 50,000)
Platinum Sponsorship (USD 30,000)
Gold Sponsorship (USD 15,000)
Silver Sponsorship (USD 8,000)
Bronze Sponsorship (USD 5,000)
Friend Sponsorship (USD 1,500)
For more information on sponsorships, please contact Mr. Ziqiang Liu or Mr. Dongming Zhao.
E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: +86-10-871098 58, 8710 9859 Fax: +86-10-8710 9861
Mobile: +86-13311573135 (Mr. Ziqiang Liu), +86-13910657921 (Mr. Dongming Zhao)
We would like to extend our deep appreciation to all our partners and sponsors who will help make the IMMC10 a big
success.
General Information
Language
The official language of the conference is English.
Weather in Nantong
Nantong is located in the temperate zone affected by subtropical monsoons with four distinctive seasons. The average daily temperature during the symposium in September is around 18-30°C.
Passport and Visa
Valid passport and a visa are required for entry into China. Visas can be obtained from your local Chinese Embassy or the nearest Consulate General. Germany, Russia, France, Korea, the Netherlands, Croatia, Malaysia, Spain, Singaporean, Thailand etc.; participants holding a private passport and staying in China for not more than 30 days do not need a visa (List of Agreements on Mutual Visa Exemption Between the People’s Republic of China and Foreign Countries: http://cs.mfa.gov.cn/zlbg/bgzl/lhqz/t902373.shtml). Early registration is advised so that adequate time is allowed for obtaining visas.
To obtain a business visa, participants upon registration can provide passport information on line with a scanned copy of the passport so that the organizer can prepare and send an official visa invitation letter, which lists the city where the
applicant should apply for the visa, the passport data, the gender of the applicant and any accompanying persons, the date of entry and the length of stay. Alternatively, participants can apply for a tourist visa through a travel agent after booking air tickets and completing the hotel reservation.
Letter of invitation
Requests for formal letters of invitation to attend the IMMC10 should be mail to [email protected]. This invitation is only intended to facilitate participants travel and visa arrangements. It implies no provision of any support, financial or otherwise.
Insurance
The registration fees do not include insurance of participants against accidents, sickness, cancellation, theft, property damage, or loss. Participants are advised to arrange adequate personal insurance before leaving their countries.
Transportation
IMMC10 Address: No. 68-A, Zhongyang Road, NETDA, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
Airplane: The conference venue is 20 kilometers from Nantong Xingdong International Airport (airport code: NTG). Nantong Xingdong International Airport has 30 domestic flights such as the flights to Beijing, Shenzhen, Kunming, Chengdu, Tianjin and Guangzhou, as well as 4 international flights to Osaka, Taipei, Bangkok, and Nha Trang. Travelers may choose to arrive to the city of Shanghai, which has the largest number of flights in the region. It is about 180 kilometers away from Shanghai Pudong International Airport (airport code: PVG), and 120 kilometers away from the Shanghai Hongqiao Airport (airport code: SHA).
Train: The conference venue is 20 kilometers from the Nantong Railway Station. The Nantong Railway Station has many fast trains to Nanjing, Beijing, Taiyuan, Chongqing, Jilin, Ji'nan, Xuzhou, Wuhan, etc. It is about 120 km away from the Shanghai Hongqiao High Speed Railway Station and about 130 km away from the Shanghai Railway Station.
Car: The conference venue is about 17 kilometers from the Nantong Bus Station and 12 kilometers from the East Nantong Bus Station.
The 10th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference
Local Organizing Committee:
Address: No. 68-A, Zhongyang Road, NETDA, Nantong, Jiangsu, China. P.C.:226009
Tel: +86-10-87109859, +86-513-85960147
Fax: +86-513-85960137, +86-10-87109861
E-mail: [email protected] (Registration & Payment);
[email protected] (Abstract & Full paper)
[email protected] (Accommodations)
[email protected] (Exhibition & Sponsorship)
Website: www.immc10.com
Time Table
WEDNESDAY September 18
THURSDAY September 19
FRIDAY September 20
SATURDAY September 21
SUNDAY September 22
9:00-22:00 Conference Registration
7:00-8:30 Breakfast
7:00-8:30 Breakfast
7:00-8:30 Breakfast
7:00-8:30 Breakfast
9:00-10:00 Opening Ceremony 9:00-10:30
Keynote Speeches
9:00-17:00 Scientific Excursion
9:00-10:30 Keynote Speeches 10:00-10:30
Photo and Tea Break
10:30-12:30 Keynote Speeches
10:30-10:45 Tea Break
10:30-10:45 Tea Break
10:45-12:30 Satellite Symposia
10:45-12:00 Satellite Symposia
12:00-14:00 Lunch
12:30-14:00 Lunch
12:30-14:00 Lunch
14:00-16:00 Satellite Symposia
14:00-16:00 Satellite Symposia
14:00-16:00 Satellite Symposia
16:00-16:15 Tea Break
16:00-16:15 Tea Break 16:00-17:00
Closing Ceremony 16:15-18:00
Satellite Symposia 16:15-18:00
Satellite Symposia
18:00-21:00 Dinner and
Closing Party
18:00-20:00 Welcome Reception
18:00-20:00 Dinner
18:00-20:00 Dinner
18:00-22:00 Poster Session
20:00-22:00
Evening Party 20:00-22:00
Visit to Nantong
Third Announcement of the 9th International Conference
on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products
November 12-19, 2018 Shanghai and Zhangzhou, China
We are pleased to invite you to join us during November 12-19, 2018 in Shanghai and Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
for the 9th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP). This is a special occasion
to meet with fellow scientists from around the world as they discuss topics pertaining to the latest research and
discoveries in mushroom biology and mushroom products. ICMBMP meetings provide novel opportunities for face-to-
face discourse with distinguished colleagues and potential mentors, and offer dynamic perspectives on all aspects of
mushrooms and mushroom-derived commodities.
Organizers
World Society for Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (WSMBMP)
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS)
Mycological Society of China China Chamber of Commerce of Foodstuffs and Native Produce
Co-organizers
The International Society for Medicinal Fungi
China Edible Fungi Association
Mushroom Branch of the Chinese Agricultural Society
National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, China
Engineering Research Center of Edible & Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, China
Industrial Technology System of Edible Fungi, Ministry of Agriculture, China
Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (North), Ministry of Agriculture, China
Shanghai Industrial Technology System of Edible Fungi
Shanghai Horticultural Society
Shanghai Society for Microbiology
Shanghai Agricultural Society
Jiangsu Alphay Bio-Technology Co., Ltd
Yancheng Aifeier Mushroom Equipment Science and Technology Co., Ltd
Zhenjiang Shouxiangu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
Fujian Xianzhilou GanoHerb Group
Shanghai Sacred Food Co., Ltd
Shanghai Finc Bio-Technology Inc
Da Shan He Group Co., Ltd
Conference Advisory Committee
S. T. Chang (Australia) LI Yu (China)
GU Guoxin (China) Daniel J. Royse (USA)
PAN Yingjie (China) WU Aizhong (China)
RONG Weidong (China) GUO Liangdong (China)
José E. Sánchez (Mexico) Anton Sonnenberg (Netherlands)
John A. Buswell (UK) Koji Takabatake (Japan)
Manjit Singh (India)
Organizing Committee
Chairman CAI Youming, SAAS
Coordinating Commissioner LIU Ziqiang, China Chamber of Commerce of Foodstuffs and Native Produce
Organizing Commissioner TAN Qi, SAAS
Finance Commissioner ZHANG Jingsong, Institute of Edible Fungi, SAAS
Secretariat BAO Dapeng, Institute of Edible Fungi, SAAS
Academic Committee
Advisor S. T. Chang, LI Yu, LIN Zhibin
Director TAN Qi
Deputy director WANG Chengshu, ZHANG Jingsong
Member BAO Dapeng, BIAN Yinbing, John A. Buswell, CHEN Mingjie, GUO Liangdong, Yoichi
Honda, HUANG Jianchun, LI Taihui, Daniel J. Royse, José E. Sánchez, SHANG Xiaodong,
Koji Takabatake, WANG Zesheng, YANG Zhuliang, YANG Yan, ZHOU Changyan
Media Support
www.emushroom.net Mushroom Business (Magazine)
Acta Edulis Fungi (Journal) The Korea Mushroom Journal (Journal)
Shi Yong Jun (Journal) Russian Mushroom Journal (Journal)
Edible & Medicinal Mushrooms (Journal) www.ganodermanews.com
Journal of Fungal Research (Journal) Edible Fungi of China (Journal)
Language
Working languages for the conference are Chinese and English. Simultaneous translation will be provided for
conference oral presentations.
Scientific Program
The 9th ICMBMP will incorporate the latest advances relating to all aspects of mushroom biology and mushroom
products in the form of keynote lectures, oral presentations and poster displays. Panel topics include 1) Diversity and
Taxonomy; 2) Omics and Bioinformatics; 3) Genetics and Breeding; 4) Physiology and Development; 5) Mycosourced
Molecules and their Nutritional and Medicinal Properties; 6) Mushroom Cultivation, Substrates, Factory Production and
Equipment Innovations; 7) Pest and Disease Management; 8) Product Quality and Safety Controls; 9) Mushroom
Economics and Cultural Impacts.
Joint Mushroom Product Exhibition
In order to give mushroom producers and researchers a more thorough understanding of the current state of the
mushroom industry in China, the 9th ICMBMP will include a mushroom product exhibition to be held during the 12th
Chinese Mushroom Days from November 16 to 19, 2018 in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. For detailed information about
the exhibition, please contact the China Chamber of Commerce of Foodstuffs and Native Produce.
Registration
Regular and Student registration entitles participants admission to all conference sessions and the Exhibition Hall,
together with the conference bag containing the Book of Abstracts, the Program Booklet, a disc containing the
Conference Proceedings, and other meeting materials. Registration can be done online at http://9th-wsmbmp.csp.escience.cn. Registration rates are as follows:
Regular participant Student* Accompanying guest#
Advanced Registration
on or before Sep 15, 2018 500 USD 300 USD 400 USD
Late Registration
after Sep 15, 2018 600 USD 400 USD 400 USD
*Proof of student status is required upon registration
#Accompanying Guest Registration includes admission to the Opening Ceremony, the Welcome Reception and to the
Exhibition Hall.
Please note: Refund requests must be made in writing, and all refunds are subject to a USD 50.00 administrative fee. A
full refund will be given if the request is received by July 15, 2018, and a 50% refund will apply to applications received
between July 16 and Sep 15, 2018. Refund requests received after Sep 15, 2018 will not be processed.
Please note: the registration rates shown above only cover access to the scientific program of the conference in
Shanghai. For information about registering to attend the mushroom exhibition in Zhangzhou, please refer to the
announcement of the 12th Chinese Mushroom Days.
Submission of Abstracts and Manuscripts
Both oral and poster presenters are required to submit an abstract and all participants are encouraged to submit a research article for publication in the conference proceedings.
Abstracts and manuscripts should be written in English or in Chinese with a corresponding English translation, and relate to one of the nine topics listed in the scientific program. Authors should indicate the topic and the preferred form of presentation (oral/poster).
Abstracts should include the title, author(s), author affiliation(s), email or other form of contact address, zip code, and the abstract body consisting of a short background to the research, brief methodology, major results and conclusions.
A full paper should include the title, author(s), author affiliation(s), email or other form of contact address, zip code, and the manuscript body consisting of the background to the research, aims and objectives, methodology, results, discussion and conclusion, and references.
In order to ensure prompt publication of the conference proceedings, all abstracts and manuscripts must be submitted online at http://9th-wsmbmp.csp.escience.cn by Sep 15, 2018 and Sep 30, 2018, respectively.
Accommodation
Information relating to hotel accommodation is available at the conference registration site http://9th-wsmbmp.csp.escience.cn and special rates will apply to participants booking through this site. Please note that these special rate options will only become available once registration has been completed. Due to limited availability, we strongly recommend early registration to guarantee accommodation at the special rates. Contact Information 1. Secretariat of the Organizing Committee of 9th ICMBMP (For Scientific Program) Contact personnel：BAO Dapeng, SONG Chunyan Tel: +86-21-62200794, 62209800 Fax: +86-21-62201337 Mobile: +86-18918162096 (BAO Dapeng), 18918162448 (SONG Chunyan) E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://syj.saas.sh.cn/ 2. China Chamber of Commerce of Foodstuffs and Native Produce (For Joint Mushroom Product Exhibition) Contact personnel：LIU Ziqiang, HUANG Yadong and ZHAO Dongming Tel: +86-10-87109859, 87109860 Fax: +86-10-87109861 Mobile: +86-13311573135 (LIU Ziqiang), 13552827268 (HUANG Yadong), 13910657921 (ZHAO Dongming) E-mail: [email protected]
World Society for Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (WSMBMP)
The 12th Chinese Mushroom Days
Date：November 16-19, 2018
Location：Zhangzhou, China
Participation：800
Host: China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Native Produce & Animal By-products (CFNA)
The Chinese Mushroom Days, as one of the most well-known and leading mushroom events, has been hosted annually
since 2007. It successfully held symposiums, seminars, workshop and exhibition associated with mushroom cultivation
and marketing. Every year it attracted over 800 participants from China, EU, United States, Japan, S. Korea, Russia, India
and ASEAN etc. As China’s mushroom industry play an increasingly important role on the international stage, The
Chinese Mushroom Days has become an essential link of domestic industrial communication, as well as the important
bridge between east and west. Chinese Mushroom Days — where East meets West for a World Class Party, as Seymour
said, president of ISMS. The 12th Chinese Mushroom Days will focus on the hot and difficult points of China's mushroom
industry, analyze the status of foreign mushroom industry, guide the development of domestic mushroom industry in
a good way, and face the world and the future.
Contact:
Name: Mr. Ziqiang Liu/Mr. Yadong Huang
Tel: +0086-10-87109860
Fax: +0086-10-87109861
E-mail: [email protected]
Add: 4/F, Talent International Building, No. 80 Guangqumennei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100062, China.
Australian Mushrooms Growers' 43rd Conference
The Australian Mushroom Growers’ Association (AMGA) invites you to participate to attend
the 43rd Australian Mushroom Growers’ Conference.
The AMGA 2018 Conference will be held on Friday 12 and Saturday 13 October 2018 at the
Intercontinental Sydney, with a pre-conference farm tour scheduled for Thursday 11
October followed by a welcome reception.
Held every two years, the AMGA conference is the principal meeting point for professionals involved in the mushroom
growing industry in Australasia and welcomes numerous guests from overseas. The conference is made up of suppliers,
growers, farm owners and well respected national and international speakers. This conference is the perfect occasion
to gain pragmatic advice from our speakers, connect with other professionals through genuine networking
opportunities and to further your wisdom into the industry.
PROGRAM OUTLINE
OCTOBER 11, 2018
9:30 am - 5:00 pm Farm Visits
6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Welcome Dinner
OCTOBER 12, 2018
8:30 am - 9:00 am Welcome and Official Opening
9:00 am - 9:45 am The design of composting facilities in relation to Trichoderma and virus X outbreaks
9:45 am - 10:30 am The opportunities for exotic mushrooms in Australia
10:30 am - 11:00 am Morning Tea
11:00 am - 11:45 am The art of supplementation
11:45 am - 12:30 pm Growing quality mushrooms- easier said than done
12:30 pm - 1:30 pm Lunch
1:30 pm - 2:15 pm The Success of the European Mushroom industry
2:15 pm - 3:00 pm Development of the Chinese Agaricus mushroom industry
3:00 pm - 3:30 pm Afternoon Tea
OCTOBER 13, 2018
8:30 am - 9:00 am Economic Update
9:00 am - 9:30 am Pest and Disease Management Update
9:30 am - 10:00 am Food safety updates
10:00 am - 10:30 am Research findings on the range of bacterial organisms found across Australian
composting operations
10:30 am - 11:00 am Morning Tea
11:00 am - 11:45 am Solar Power for the Mushroom Industry
11:45 am - 12:30 pm SMS as a Casing Amendment and Other Alternatives – The Iranian Experience
12:30 pm - 1:30 pm Lunch
1:30 pm - 2:00 pm Hort Innovation : How your mushroom levy money is working to benefit the industry
2:00 pm - 2:30 pm Hort Innovation : Marketing and promotion update
More information please visit www.amgaconference.mushrooms.net.au.
Effects of a Commercial Supplement of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum on Physiological Responses to Maximal Exercise in Healthy Young Participants
By Sharon Tsuk a, Yarden Har Lev a, Arie Rotstein a, Aviva Zeev a, Refael Carasso b, Gilit Steiner a
aThe Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel; bThe Hillel Yaffe
Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
Abstract: Cordyceps sinensis (=Ophiocordyceps sinensis) and Ganoderma lucidum are 2 medicinal mushrooms that have
been suggested to have the potential to enhance exercise capacity. We used a commercial supplement combining a
traditional Chinese medicine and G. lucidum and tested its effects on human physical, aerobic, and anaerobic capacities.
Physical education students (n = 96; 43 women, 53 men; mean ± standard deviation age, 26.3 ± 3.21 years) were
randomly divided into 3 groups: low-dose treatment, high-dose treatment, and placebo. Participants received the
supplement or the placebo for 28-33 days. Both before and after the intervention, the participants performed a graded
maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) test on a treadmill and a Wingate anaerobic cycle test (on a different day).
The following parameters were measured and recorded during the maximal graded treadmill test: heart rate, oxygen
consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, and ventilation. The following parameters were calculated from the Wingate
anaerobic cycle test: maximal anaerobic power, mean anaerobic power, and fatigue index. The supplements did not
affect Vo2max or the physiological responses upon maximal exercise during the graded treadmill test. In a similar way,
they had no effect on peak or mean power, or fatigue index, as measured by the Wingate anaerobic test. A borderline
interaction indicated a somewhat lower heart rate at rest after treatment; however, post hocanalysis did not reveal
any further statistically significant differences (P= 0.047; F= 3.169). The findings indicate that dual supplementation
with C. sinensis and G. lucidum had no effect on Vo2max, on physiological responses at peak exercise load during a
graded maximal treadmill test, or on the parameters of anaerobic capacity.
Keywords: Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, medicinal mushrooms, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, physical fitness,
Vo2max, Wingate test
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 20, 2018 Issue 4, pages 359-367
Regulation of cancer cell signaling pathways by mushrooms and their bioactive molecules: Overview of the journey from benchtop to clinical trials
By Aliye Arasa, Sumbul Khalidb, Saima Jabeenc, Ammad Ahmad Farooqid, Baojun Xue
aDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34460, Turkey; bDepartment of Bioinformatics
Research progress
and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan; cDepartment of Zoology, University of Gujrat,
Sub-Campus, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; dInstitute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; eFood Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International
College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
Abstract: Mushrooms represent a tremendous source of biologically useful and pharmacologically active molecules.
Recent breakthroughs in cancer genetics, genomics, proteomics and translational research have helped us to develop
a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms which are contributory in cancer development and progression.
Different signaling pathways particularly, Wnt, SHH, TGF/SMAD and JAK/STAT have been shown to modulate cancer
progression and development. Increasingly it is being realized that genetic/epigenetic mutations and loss of apoptosis
also mandate a 'multi-molecular' perspective for the development of therapies to treat cancer. In this review we
attempted to provide an overview of the regulation of different signaling pathways by mushrooms and their bioactive
compounds. Regulation of Wnt and JAK-STAT pathways by mushrooms is deeply studied but we do not have
comprehensive information about regulation of TGF/SMAD, Notch and TRAIL induced signaling pathways because of
superficially available data. There are outstanding questions related to modulation of oncogenic and tumor suppressor
microRNAs by mushrooms in different cancers. Therefore, detailed mechanistic insights related to targeting of multiple
pathways by extracts or bioactive compounds from mushrooms will be helpful in bridging our current knowledge gaps
and translation of medicinally precious bioactive molecules to clinically effective therapeutics.
Keywords: TRAIL, Cancer, Wnt, Signaling, Apoptosis, Mushroom
Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 119, September 2018, Pages 206-214
Anticancer and other therapeutic relevance of mushroom polysaccharides: A holistic appraisal
By Damini Kotharia, Seema Patelb, Soo-Ki Kima
aDepartment of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029,
Republic of Korea; bBioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego,
92182, USA
Abstract: The discovery of nutritious dietary supplements and side effect-free therapeutics are a priority in the current
scenario of increasing instances of metabolic syndromes. In this direction, mushroom polysaccharides have shown
immense promise. Scores of studies have characterized and evaluated their biological relevance, which range from
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antilipemic to immunomodulatory. Hence,
it is important to accumulate the key findings of these investigations, and to apply the insights to develop functional
foods, and immunomodulators. This review attempts to meet this goal by gleaning the key discoveries on mushroom
polysaccharides in the recent years, and to present them in a comprehensive manner. With this objective, the
physiological relevance of the polysaccharides, the underlying mechanism, and hurdles in the path of their therapeutics
transition, have been discussed. Finally, critical comments have been made to expedite research in this area.
Keywords: Mushroom, Polysaccharides, β-glucan, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Immunomodulator
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 105, September 2018, Pages 377-394
Immunomodulatory and Antitumoral Properties of Ganoderma lucidum and Agaricus brasiliensis (Agaricomycetes) Medicinal Mushrooms
By Rosalia Rubel a, Herta Stutz Dalla Santa a; Leandro Freire dos Santosb; Luiz Claudio Fernandesc ; Bonald Cavalcante
Figueiredod ; Carlos Ricardo Soccola
a Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Division, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; b Department
of Pharmacy, Midwestern State University (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil; c Department of Physiology,
Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; d Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Abstract: Medicinal mushrooms are used in popular medicine largely as health promoters, mainly because of their
antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi or reishi) and Agaricus brasiliensis are
mushrooms that have long been used for medicinal purposes. This study evaluated their immunomodulatory and
antitumor effects on mice fed a diet supplemented with G. lucidum and A. brasiliensis mycelia obtained from solid-
state fermentation. For 14 weeks the mice were fed chow containing 50% A. brasiliensis and G. lucidum mycelia, using
ground wheat as an excipient. The consumption of the supplemented diet inhibited Sarcoma 180 tumor growth and
caused important changes in the immune system. The pattern of immune response shifted, increasing CD4+ and CD8+
and decreasing CD19+ cell populations. The restoration of a proper balance between cellular and humoral immunity is
an essential process for restraining tumor growth. These results suggest that polysaccharides, such as β-glucans and
other mushroom metabolites, possibly promote the T-cell dominance that is imperative to restrain tumor growth.
Keywords: Agaricus brasiliensis, antitumor, Ganoderma lucidum, immunomodulator, medicinal mushrooms, solid-state
culture
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 20, 2018 Issue 4, pages 393-403
How to trace the geographic origin of mushrooms?
By Aly Farag El Sheikhaa,b,c, Dian-Ming Hua
aJiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, 1101 Zhimin
Road, Nanchang 330045, China; bMcMaster University, Department of Biology, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario,
L8S 4K1, Canada; cMinufiya University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, 32511 Shibin
El Kom, Minufiya Government, Egypt
Abstract: Mushrooms became one of the most popular food resources worldwide that are very appreciated by
consumers. Fresh produce properties including mushrooms are obviously varied based on their geographical origins. In
view of the significant increase in the world's production of mushrooms, this will be accompanied by the increasing
attention of all actors in the international food trade system (producers, traders, consumers and the authorities) to
obtain a safe and high-quality commodity. This can be achieved through the implementation of an efficient and
universal geo-tracing technique. Current approaches of geo-tracing mushrooms are few and have several limitations.
Our intent is to suggest the DNA barcoding as a potent and universal method for mushrooms geo-traceability.
Keywords: Mushroom, Multidimensional importance, Geo-traceability, Certification system, Analytical approaches,
DNA barcoding
Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 78, August 2018, Pages 292-303
Isolation and Structure Determination of Antiproliferative Secondary Metabolites from the Potato Earthball Mushroom, Scleroderma bovista (Agaricomycetes)
By Bernadett Kovacsa, Zoltán Bénib, Miklós Dékányb, Noémi Bózsityc, Istvan Zupkoc, Judit Hohmanna,d, Attila Vanyolosa
a Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; b Spectroscopic Research, Gedeon Richter Plc.,
Budapest, Hungary; cDepartment of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; dInterdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
Abstract: Mycochemical examination of a methanol extract of Scleroderma bovista Fr. (Agaricomycetes) led to the
isolation of 7 compounds, which were, to our knowledge, identified for the first time in this species. The chemical
structures of these compounds were determined through extensive spectroscopic methods (nuclear magnetic
resonance and mass spectrometry). The fungal metabolites were identified as steroids based on ergostane (compounds
1-4) and lanostane (compounds 6 and 7) skeletons, whereas compound 5 was a ceramide derivative. We evaluated the
antiproliferative activity of compounds 4-7 against human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A2780, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7)
using the MTT assay. The lanostane-type derivatives (compounds 6 and 7) and ergosterol peroxide 3-glucoside
(compound 4) exerted significant antiproliferative property on 1 or more human cancer cell lines.
Keywords: antiproliferative activity, ceramide, ergostane and lanostane steroids, medicinal mushrooms, Scleroderma
bovista
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 20, 2018 Issue 5, pages 411-418
Recent advances in quality preservation of postharvest mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus): A review
By Kexin Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Pu, Da-Wen Sun
Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University
College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Abstract: Agaricus bisporus is the mushroom with the highest global production yield. However, due to their natural
unprotected structure, shelf-life of this kind of mushroom is quite short. During the postharvest period, mushroom
experiences continuous quality degradation, presenting discolouration, moisture loss, texture changes, microbial count
increasing, and nutrient and flavour loss. In order to maintain the postharvest quality and to extend the shelf-life of
mushroom, postharvest preservation techniques including physical, chemical and thermal processes are essential.
This review summarises quality degradation processes of mushrooms including moisture loss, discolouration, texture
changes, microbial count increasing, and nutrients and flavour loss, analyses their influential factors including
temperature, relative humidity, water activity, and respiration rate, and presents the preservation methods for
mushrooms including drying, cooling, packaging, irradiation, washing, and coating.
The quality degradation process of mushrooms is complex, which is affected by both the inner factors related to
mushroom itself and the outer factors related to storage conditions. For better preserving their postharvest quality,
hybrid methods such as thermal techniques combined with physical or chemical techniques and novel non-thermal
technologies including plasma, ultrasound and high pressure treatments are highly recommended.
Keywords: Mushrooms, Quality degradation, Quality influential factors, Preservation
Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 78, August 2018, Pages 72-82
Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Underlying Yield-Related Traits in Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes)
By Wen-bing Gonga,b ; Lei Lic, Yan Zhoua, Yinbing Biana, Hoi-shan Kwanc, Man-kit Cheungc, Yang Xiaoa
aInstitute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; bInstitute of Bast
Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China; cSchool of Life Sciences,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
Abstract: Increasing yield is a principal goal when breeding Lentinus edodes. The detection of quantitative trait loci
(QTLs) underlying yield and its related traits, precocity and the number of fruiting bodies (NFs), is important in order to
breed high-yield cultivars. Using composite interval mapping (CIM), we mapped a total of 25 QTLs responsible for
precocity, NFs, and yield in 2 segregating populations of L. edodes. QTLs for the 3 traits were mapped on 5 different
linkage groups, contributing 5.9% to 15.4% of the phenotypic variation. Colocated QTLs were also found underlying
multiple traits, implying the presence of a genic pleiotropic effect or tightly linked genes. This is, to our knowledge, the
first report of the genetic dissection of precocity, NFs, and yield using QTL mapping in L. edodes. Findings of this study
will facilitate marker-assisted breeding of high-yield cultivars of L. edodes.
Keywords: colocalization, medicinal mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, QTL mapping, yield-related traits
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 20, 2018 Issue 5, pages 451-458
Anti-inflammatory properties of edible mushrooms: A review
Bożena Muszyńskaa, Agata Grzywacz-Kisielewskaa, Katarzyna Kałaa, Joanna Gdula-Argasińskab
aDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; bDepartment of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Abstract: Mushrooms have been used extensively, owing to their nutritional and medicinal value, for thousands of
years. Modern research confirms the therapeutic effect of traditionally used species. Inflammation is a natural response
of the immune system to damaging factors, e.g. physical, chemical and pathogenic. Deficiencies of antioxidants,
vitamins, and microelements, as well as physiological processes, such as aging, can affect the body’s ability to resolve
inflammation. Mushrooms are rich in anti-inflammatory components, such as polysaccharides, phenolic and indolic
compounds, mycosteroids, fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins, and biometals. Metabolites from mushrooms of the
Basidiomycota taxon possess antioxidant, anticancer, and most significantly, anti-inflammatory properties. Recent
reports indicate that edible mushroom extracts exhibit favourable therapeutic and health-promoting benefits,
particularly in relation to diseases associated with inflammation. In all certainty, edible mushrooms can be referred to
as a “superfood” and are recommended as a valuable constituent of the daily diet.
Keywords: Edible mushroom, Basidiomycota, Indole compounds, Phenolic compounds, Bioelements, Anti-
inflammatory properties
Food Chemistry, Volume 243, 15 March 2018, Pages 373-381
Lanostane-Type Triterpenes and Abietane-Type Diterpene from the Sclerotia of Chaga Medicinal Mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Agaricomycetes), and Their Biological Activities
By Kutaiba Ibrahin Alzanda, Sabri Ünalb, Mansor S. Mostafa Boufarisb
aDepartment of Biology, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq ;bDepartment of Forest Engineering, Kastamonu
University, Kastamonu, Turkey
Abstract: Three new lanostane-type triterpenes (compounds 1-3), 1 new abietane-type diterpene (compound 4), and
10 known compounds (5-14) were isolated from sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus. Their structures were elucidated through
a combination of spectrometric techniques, including infrared, 1-dimensional, and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic
resonance and high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry. In in vitro assays, compounds 2 and 4-12 showed
hepatoprotective effects against D-galactosamine-induced damage in WB-F344 cells, with inhibitory effects from 35.4%
to 83.8%. Compounds 3, 13, and 14 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against Bel-7402, A-549, or KB cell lines. Compounds
13 and 14 showed inhibitory effects against protein tyrosine kinases, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of
23.8 and 7.4 μmol/L, respectively.
Keywords: bioactive compounds, Inonotus obliquus, medicinal mushrooms, terpenes
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, Volume 20, 2018 Issue 6, pages 507-516
International Journal of
Medicinal Mushrooms 2018, Vol. 20, Issue no.6
Lanostane-Type Triterpenes and Abietane-Type Diterpene from the Sclerotia of Chaga Medicinal Mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Agaricomycetes), and Their Biological Activities Kutaiba Ibrahin Alzand, Sabri Ünal, Mansor S. Mostafa Boufaris Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of the Culinary-Medicinal Winter Mushroom Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes) in China Qiuying Wang, Jingcheng Zhang, Chuang Li, Bo Wang, Wenyan Nong, Yinbing Bian, Yang Xiao Computational Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of the High Immunomodulatory Activity of LZ-8 Protein Isolated from the Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Da-Peng Bao, Rui Bai, Ying-Nv Gao, Ying-Ying Wu, Ying Wang Antioxidant Properties of the Artist's Conk Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma applanatum (Agaricomycetes), upon Cultivation with para-Substituted Phenolic Compounds and Tea Leaf Extracts Olga Tsivileva, Alexei Pankratov, Vyacheslav Misin, Anton Zavyalov, Vladimir Volkov, Oleg Tsymbal, Nikolai Yurasov, Valentina E. Nikitina Genetic Variability of the Medicinal Tinder Bracket Polypore, Fomes fomentarius (Agaricomycetes), from the Asian Part of Russia Victor A. Mukhin, Elena V. Zhuykova, Susanna M. Badalyan Determination of Antioxidant Potential of Selected Wild Edible Mushrooms from India in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model System Subhaswaraj Pattnaik, Sairengpuii Hnamte, S. J. Sudharshan , Madhu Dyavaiah, Siddhardha Busi Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Crude Polysaccharide Extracts from Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), by Ultrasonic-Circulating Extraction Ti Qiang Chen, Jian-Guo Wu, Yong-Jun Kan, Chi Yang, Yan-Bin Wu, Jin-Zhong Wu Antioxidant Activity and Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Alcoholic Extracts Obtained from Paecilomyces hepiali (Ascomycetes) Lucia Ungvarská Maľucká, Jarmila Harvanova, Anna Uhrinová, Aneta Salayová, Martin Pavlík, Martin Rajtar
International Journal of
Medicinal Mushrooms 2018, Vol. 20, Issue no.7
Productivity and Antioxidant Activity of Wild, Reconstituted, and Hybrid Strains of the Pink Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus djamor (Agaricomycetes), from Mexico Magdalena Paz Oropeza-Guerrero, Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez, Raúl Salas-Coronado, Rogelio Valadez-Blanco, Beatriz Hernández-Carlos, Paula Cecilia Guadarrama-Mendoza Cosmetic and Skincare Benefits of Cultivated Mycelia from the Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycetes) Wai-Yin Cheng, Xue-Qin Wei, Ka-Chai Siu, Ang-Xin Song, Jian-Yong Wu Phenolic Compounds of Inonotus rheades (Agaricomycetes) Mycelium: RP-UPLC-DAD-ESI/MS Profile and Effect of Light Wavelength on Styrylpyrone Content Tat'yana G. Gornostai, Gennadii G. Borovskii, Nina I. Kashchenko, Daniil N. Olennikov Characteristics of Exopolysaccharides from the Citrine Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus citrinopileatus (Agaricomycetes), Depend on the Nitrogen Source in the Medium Chiu-Yeh Wu, Zeng-Chin Liang Profiles of Little-Known Medicinal Polypores: Funalia trogii(Agaricomycetes) Ivan V. Zmitrovich, Margarita A. Bondartseva, Stanislav P. Arefyev, Oleg N. Ezhov, Solomon P. Wasser Morphological Characteristics of Monokaryotic and Dikaryotic Collections of Three Medicinal Coprinellus Species (Agaricomycetes) Susanna M. Badalyan Ultra-Low Freezing to Preserve the Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Pamela Leonardi, Federico Puliga, Mirco Iotti, Federica Piattoni, Alessandra Zambonelli Medicinal Mushrooms Supplements Alter Chicken Intestinal Microbiome Janelle Robinson, Felicia N. Anike, Willie Willis, Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen Powder of the White Bottom Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus(Agaricomycetes), Improved Immunomodulatory and Health-Promoting Effects of Lactobacillus casei in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Roghieh Safari, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Maryam Dadar, Mohsen Khalili
International Journal of
Medicinal Mushrooms 2018, Vol. 20, Issue no.8
Randomized Clinical Trial for the Evaluation of Immune Modulation by Yogurt Enriched with β-Glucans from Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), in Children from Medellin, Colombia Sandra Lorena Duque Henao, Sergio A. Urrego, Andrea M. Cano, Edwin A. Higuita Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides of a Productive Strain of the Culinary-Medicinal King Oyster Mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii (Agaricomycetes), from Italy Francesca Cateni, Marina Zacchigna, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto, Giuseppe Procida, Giuseppe Bonaventura, Paola Saporita, Roberta Calvo, Giuseppe Venturella, Maria Letizia Gargano Compound of Stout Camphor Medicinal Mushroom, Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Agaricomycetes), Induces Protective Autophagy in SPCA-1 Cells through AMPK Inhibition-Independent Blockade of the Akt/mTOR Pathway Hairui Yang, Jinsong Zhang, Henan Zhang, Yan Yang, Yanfang Liu, Wenbo Sun, Wenhan Wang, Wei Jia Comparison of Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Selected Pleurotus Species (Agaricomycetes) from India Kudrat Randhawa, Richa Shri Psathyrella candolleana and Agaricus bisporus Extracts Provide Protection against DNA Oxidative Damage Induced by Doxorubicin Mouthana N. Al-Habib, John Holliday, Mohammad S. Aladahmy Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum(Agaricomycetes), Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats Ravindran Kalathil Veena, Thekkuttuparambil Ananthanarayanan Ajith, Kainoor K. Janardhanan Vineyard Pruning Waste Improves Bioconversion and Chemical Composition of Native Ganoderma spp. (Agaricomycetes) Strains from Mexico Idaly Morales-Estrada, Rigoberto Gaitán-Hernández, Aldo Gutiérrez, Georgina Vargas, Alberto Jiménez, Agustin Rascón, Martín Esqueda Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of the King Tuber Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus tuber-regium (Agaricomycetes) Dongmei Liu, Hanyu Zhu, Yue Chen, Liesheng Zheng, Liguo Chen, Aimin Ma Polysaccharides and Antioxidants from Culinary-Medicinal White Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Agaricomycetes), Waste Biomass Aleksandra Vojvodic Cebin, Vlatka Petravić-Tominac, Senka Djakovic, Sinisa Srecec, Vesna Zechner-Krpan, Jasenka Piljac-Zegarac, Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen
International Journal of
Medicinal Mushrooms 2018, Vol. 20, Issue no.9
Effects of Birch Polypore Mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus (Agaricomycetes), the “Iceman Fungus”, on Human Immune Cells Franziska Grunewald, Carmen Steinborn, Roman Huber, Radim Wille, Stefanie Meier, Zeyad Alresly, Ulrike Lindequist, & Carsten Gründemann
Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activities of the Medicinal Mushroom Phellinus rimosus (Agaricomycetes) on HCT-116 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells Chakrappilly Radhakrishnan Meera, Kainoor K Janardhanan, & Devarajan Karunagaran
Antioxidant Activities of Oligosaccharides from Hericium caput-medusae (Agaricomycetes) Ren Guihong, Miao Yue, Zhen Dong, Mahfuz Shad, Zhao Fei, & Song Hui Expression and Antitumor Function of Latcripin-4 RCC1 and ANK Domain Protein on HepG2 from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes C91–3 (Agaricomycetes) Transcriptome Xuefang Guo, Xiaoli Wang, Min Liu, Lei Chen, Warren Chanda, Arshad Ahmed Pahiar, Xingyun Li, Wei Zhang, Anhong Ning, Min Huang, Jing Cao, & Mintao Zhong Evaluation of the Anti-Oxidative and Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) in Ameliorating Cardiovascular Diseases Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Noorlidah Abdullah, & Norhaniza Aminudin Surface Decoration of Selenium Nanoparticles by the Proteins of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) for Enhanced Fibrinolytic Activity Sharjahan Mohamed Ali, Jegadeesh Raman, Hariprasath Lakshmanan, Tau Chuan Ling, Chia-Wei Phan, Yee Shin Tan,
& Vikineswary Sabaratnam Cultural and Metabolomic Studies of a New Phtalides Producer Lignomyces vetlinianus (Agaricomycetes) Katerina V. Sazanova, Nadezhda V. Psurtseva, & Alexey L. Shavarda
Evaluation of Lignin-Modifying Enzyme Activity of Trametes spp. (Agaricomycetes) Isolated from Georgian Forests with an Emphasis on T. multicolor Biosynthetic Potential Eva Kachlishvili, Mikheil D. Asatiani, Aza Kobakhidze, & Vladimir Elisashvili The Effect of Growth Substrate and Extraction Solvent on Biological Activities of Oyster Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Tannia Alexandra Quiñones Muñoz, Nohely Salas Navarrete, Daniel Fernando Cortez Acosta, Érica Esthela Córdova Gurrola, Gerardo Rafael Hernández Carbajal, & Elizabeth del Carmen Varela Santos
International Journal of
Medicinal Mushrooms 2018, Vol. 20, Issue no.10
Overview of the Biological Activities of the Methanolic Extract from Wild Red Belt Conk, Fomitopsis pinicola (Agaricomycetes) Fruiting Body from Central Italy Paola Angelini, Bruno Tirillini, Giancarlo Bistocchi, Andrea Arcangeli, Andrea Rubini, Roberto Maria Pellegrino, Roberto Fabiani, Gabriele Cruciani, Roberto Venanzoni, & Patrizia Rosignoli
Studies of Antimicrobial Activity of Mushrooms (Agaricales) from South America (Review) Marina G. Rosenberger, Roberta Paulert, & Vagner G. Cortez
Anti-proliferative Effects of a Triterpene-Enriched Extract from Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) on Human Lung Cancer Cells Sanda Zolj, Melissa P. Smith, Jillian C. Goines, T’Shura S. Ali, Mary O. Huff, David L. Robinson, & Joann M. Lau Potential Anticancer Activity of the Parasol Mushroom Macrolepiota procera (Agaricomycetes) on A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line Mücahit Seçme, Oğuzhan Kaygusuz, Canan Eroğlu, Yavuz Dodurga, Ömer Faruk Çolak, & Pelin Atmaca
Lyophilized Extract of the Horse Mushroom, Agaricus arvensis (Agaricomycetes) Delayes Erythrocyte Hemolysis and Stabilizes Some Blood Parameters in Carbontetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats Abdulahad Dogan Proximal Composition, Nutraceutical Properties and Acute Toxicity Study of Culinary-Medicinal Oyster Mushroom Powder, Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Yamila Lebeque, Humberto J. Morris, Yaixa Beltrán, Gabriel Llauradó, Isabelle Gaime –Perraud, Marcos Meneses, Serge Moukha, Rosa C. Bermúdez, & Nora García Optimization of Melanin Extraction from the Wood Ear Medicinal Mushroom, Auricularia auricula-judae (Agaricomycetes) by Response Surface Methodology and its Antioxidant Activities In Vitro Yin-peng Ma, Xiang-hui Kong, Jiao-jiao Tian, Bing Han, Jie-chi Zhang, Xi-jun Chen, Pi-qi Zhang, Hui Wang, Xiao-dong Dai, Jia-ning Liu, Zeng-hua Han, & Qing-fang Ma Influence of the Strain Preservation Methods on the Fruiting Body Growth and Metabolite Production in Medicinal Mushroom, Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes) Qing Liu, Fen Wang, Kuanbo Liu, & Caihong Dong Nutritive Value of Arid-Semi Arid Desert Truffles Species of Genera Terfezia and Picoa (Ascomycetes) from Eastern Turkey Mehmet Akyüz & Sevda Kırbağ Larvicidal, Ovicidal and Histopathological Effects of the Sulphur Polypore Mushroom, Laetiporus sulphureus (Agaricomycetes) Collected from the State of Tamil Nadu, India Subramaniyan Sivanandhan, Pathalam Ganesan, Michael Gabriel Paulraj, & Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
International Journal of
Medicinal Mushrooms 2018, Vol. 20, Issue no.11
Current and Future Research Trends in Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Medicinal Mushrooms and Mushroom Products (Review) Shu Ting Chang & Solomon P. Wasser Aqueous Cold Water Extracted of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cross Flow Ultra Filtration Fractions Exhibit Apoptosis in Tumor Cells Miriam Sari, Katharina Toepler, Anna Nickisch-Hartfiel, Nicole Teusch, & Reinhard Hambitzer Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes), Supplementation Alters Gut Microbiome and Corrects Dyslipidemia in Rats Haseeb Anwar, Jan S. Suchodolski, Muhammad I Ullah, Ghulam Hussain, Muhammad Z. Shabbir, Imtiaz Mustafa, & Muhammad U. Sohail
Dissolution of Bioactive Components from Dried Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Fruit Bodies during Cleaning, Soaking, and Cooking Lina Zhu, Shulei Wang, Zhong Zhang, Shuai Zhou, Qingjiu Tang, Feihua Wu, & Jingsong Zhang Aqueous Extract of Wood Ear Mushroom, Auricularia polytricha (Agaricomycetes) Demonstrated Antiepileptic Activity Against Seizure Induced by Maximal Electroshock and Isoniazid in Experimental Animals Gaurav Gupta, Sachchidanand Pathak, Rajiv Dahiya, Rajendra Awasthi, Anurag Mishra, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Mohit Agrawal, & Kamal Dua Profiling of Intra- and Extracellular Enzymes Involved in Fructification of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Anna Goyal, Anu Kalia, & H S Sodhi Developing a Novel Two-Stage Process for Carotenoid Production by Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes) Qianwang Zheng, Tao Wei, Yin Lin, Zhiwei Ye, Junfang Lin, Liqiong Guo, Fan Yun, & Linzhi Kang Effect of Environmental Conditions on Synnema Formation and Nucleoside Production in Cicada Flower, Isaria cicadae (Ascomycetes) Kuanbo Liu, Fen Wang, Guijun Liu, & Caihong Dong Effects of Feeding Diets Supplemented with Medicinal Mushrooms Myceliated Grains on Some Production, Health and Oxidation Traits of Dairy Ewes Adriana Bonanno, Antonino Di Grigoli, Francesca Vitale, Giuseppe Di Miceli, Massimo Todaro, Marco Alabiso, Maria Letizia Gargano, Giuseppe Venturella, Felicia Ngozi Anike, & Omoanghe Samuel Isikhuemhen
Medicinal Mushrooms in Human Clinical Studies.
Part I. Anticancer, Oncoimmunological, and Immunomodulatory Activities: A Review
(Part III)
Solomon P. Wasser
Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University
of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; N.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; Tel.: +972-4-8249218; Fax: +972-4-8288649;
spwasser@research .haifa.ac.il
Originally published in the Int J Med Mushrooms, 2017;(4):279-317.
ABSTRACT: More than 130 medicinal functions are thought to be produced by medicinal mushrooms (MMs) and fungi,
including antitumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemic,
antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, detoxification, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Many,
if not all, higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms contain biologically active compounds in fruit bodies, cultured mycelia,
and cultured broth. Special attention has been paid to mushroom polysaccharides. Numerous bioactive polysaccharides
or polysaccharide-protein complexes from MMs seem to enhance innate and cell-mediated immune responses, and
they exhibit antitumor activities in animals and humans. While the mechanism of their antitumor actions is still not
completely understood, stimulation and modulation of key host immune responses by these mushroom compounds
seems to be central. Most important for modern medicine are polysaccharides and low–molecular weight secondary
metabolites with antitumor and immunostimulating properties. More than 600 studies have been conducted
worldwide, and numerous human clinical trials on MMs have been published. Several of the mushroom compounds
have proceeded through phase I, II, and III clinical studies and are used extensively and successfully in Asia to treat
various cancers and other diseases. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of and analyze the literature on
clinical trials using MMs with human anticancer, oncoimmunological, and immunomodulatory activities. High-quality,
long-term, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies of MMs, including well-sized population
studies are definitely needed in order to yield statistical power showing their efficacy and safety. Clinical trials must
obtain sufficient data on the efficacy and safety of MM-derived drugs and preparations. Discussion of results based on
clinical studies of the anticancer, oncoimmunological, and immunomodulating activity of MMs are highlighted.
Epidemiological studies with MMs are also discussed.
KEY WORDS: antioxidant activities, antitumor, β-glucans, biological response modifiers, cancer patients, clinical studies,
Points and Reviews
clinical trials, epidemiological studies, immunomodulation, interferons, interleukins, medicinal mushrooms, natural
killer cells, oncoimmunology, polysaccharides, quality of life, secondary metabolites
ABBREVIATIONS: AHCC, active hexose correlated compound; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ALL, acute
lymphocytic leukemia; BRM, biological response modifier; CAPE, caffeic acid phenethyl ester; COX, cyclooxygenase; DC,
dendritic cell; DS, dietary supplement; DSHEA, Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act; GXM,
glucuronoxilomannan; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IC50, half-maximal inhibition
concentration; IFN, human type I interferon; IκBα, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
inhibitor alpha; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MDS, myelodysplastic syndromes; MM, medicinal
mushroom; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; PAMP, pathogenassociated molecular pattern; NK, natural killer; PRR,
pattern-recognition receptor; PSP, polysaccharide peptide; QOL, quality of life; RCT, randomized controlled trial; TCM,
traditional Chinese medicine; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-a; WHO, World Health Organization
Continued from previous issue:
V. MMs IN CLINICAL TRIALS
Despite the widespread use of MMs, their positive effects have been insufficiently studied in clinical trials. High-quality,
long-term, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies of MMs, including large population studies
to yield statistical power, show that efficacy and safety are definitely needed. Aims of clinical trials during phases I,
II, III, and IV must be to obtain sufficient data on the efficacy and safety of MM drugs and preparations.
Clinical studies of the effects of various MM preparations on humans have been published in more than 600 papers
and reports. Many clinical trials were carried out on G. lucidum. In a review published by Jin et al.,57 a total of 257
clinical studies of G. lucidum and some other species of the genus Ganoderma were found in an electronic database.
Only 35 studies remained eligible for full- text assessment. Some studies were based on herbal mixtures instead of pure
G. lucidum. Others used another species of Ganoderma (e.g., G. capense). A paper by Roupas et al.58 dedicated to the
role of edible mushrooms in health revealed data on 15 clinical trials. Wasser59 prepared a chapter for the book
Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: Technology and Applications (in press) that contains a table dedicated to the
therapeutic activities of MM com- pounds and extracts evaluated in different clinical studies. That table presents the
35 most important clinical trials of anticancer, antitumor, antidiabetic, anticholesterol, immunomodulating, and
hypolipid- emic activities. Information on more than 40 clinical studies can be found on the US National Institutes of
Health website (www.clinicaltrials.gov). One review presents data dedicated to the use of T. versicolor in
immune therapy during breast can- cer treatment.60 The author concluded that immune therapy using the
polysaccharide constituents of T. versicolor as concurrent adjuvant cancer therapy may be warranted as part of a
comprehensive can- cer treatment and secondary prevention strategy. Aleem61 published a review of β-glucans
(mainly lentinan, maitake D-fraction, and schizophyllan), and their application in cancer therapy, with a focus on
human studies, clinical trials, and epide- miological data assessing the efficacy and safety of mushroom-derived β-
glucans in cancer treat- ment and prevention. The potential direct effects of β-glucans on cancer cells are also
discussed. A review by Frost62 analyzed human clinical stud- ies using 3 medicinal mushrooms: A. brasiliensis (=A.
blazei), I. obliquus, and G. lucidum. For each clinical trial, the author summarized the study design; the condition
being treated; the prepara- tion, dosage, and duration of treatment; the number of subjects; and a summary of the
results. General sporadic information on literature dedicated to dif- ferent types of clinical trials using MMs can be
found in books dedicated to medicinal mushrooms by Hobbs,63 Smith et al.,64 Pawell,65 and Stamets.66 Among the
most promising data seem to be those indicating an inverse relationship between the use of MMs and colorectal, breast,
prostate, cervical, ovar- ian, and gastric cancers, along with other conditions.
Information on successful clinical trials that demonstrated positive effects on the anticancer, oncoimmunological,
and immunomodulating prop- erties of multiple MM preparations is presented in Table 2.
VI. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the pat- terns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in
defined populations. Epidemiologists help to design studies, collect and statistically ana- lyze data, amend the
interpretation of data, and disseminate results (including peer review and occasionally systematic review).
Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clini- cal research, public health studies, and, to a lesser
extent, basic research in the biological sciences.155
Epidemiological studies report on the dietary consumption of mushrooms to promote health and prevent the risk of
different illnesses, including cancer; to provide immunomodulating activities; and as treatment. Some evidence from
epidemio- logical studies of human populations has indicated that MM consumption (in different forms, such as fruit
bodies or extracts) may prevent or slow the development of cancers. Data collected from epide- miological studies of
MMs came from Japan, Korea, China, and Brazil. These countries are known for their extensive dietary consumption of
MMs as a means to promote health and prevent specific diseases. Most active epidemiological studies with MMs
are proven for gastric and breast cancers. In Nagano Prefecture, Japan, an epidemiological study was carried out
concerning farmers producing F. velutipes from 1972 to 1986. It showed that among farmers whose main occupation was
to produce F. velutipes, cancer death rates were remarkably lower than the rates among the general popula-
tion.156,157 This study suggested that the quality and frequency of the intake of this mushroom were related to lower
cancer death rates over a 15-year period. In Japan, Hara et al.158 also reported marginal associations with gastric cancer
risk in the group with the highest frequency of intake of H. mar- moreus and Pholita nameko, and of H. marmoreus
and F. velutipes. It was concluded that the intake of H. marmoreus, F. velutipes, and Ph. nameko can pos- sibly decrease the
incidence of stomach cancer.156–158
For breast cancer, most of the available epide- miological studies demonstrated a decreased risk of breast cancer
associated with a higher frequency, or dose, of mushroom consumption. Zhang et al.159 reported that daily consumption
of at least 15.1 g of mushrooms or consuming mushrooms at least 3 times/week could be beneficial for postmenopausal
women. Also, in Korea, the dietary consumption of MMs was effective as a means to promote health and to prevent and
treat disease. Shin et al.160 reported on the positive correlation of breast cancer risk and mushroom consumption
for women in Korea. Epidemiological studies in China also showed a decreased risk of breast cancer with higher
con- sumption of MMs (A. bisporus, L. edodes, and other species) and green tea in pre- and postmenopausal women.
The study included 1009 female patients (aged 20–87 years) with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 1009
randomly recruited, age-matched healthy controls.159
Epidemiological studies of the very popular South American mushroom A. brasiliensis (=A. blazei) were done on
large portions of a population. Data about the medicinal value of A. brasiliensis came from epidemiological studies
of ~0.3–0.5 million people from Japan and some from Brazil (Professor A.F. Eira, personal communication) and
published data.161 For prevention or treatment popu-lation assume the 3–5 g, 3 times a day of a typical hot-water extract
of A. brasiliensis. It was shown that consumption of mushrooms contributes to the improvement of QOL by increasing
the innate heal- ing power and immunity of humans.162
VII. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Prompted by the promising antitumor potential established by laboratory studies, many RCTs have been
conducted to evaluate the clinical effec- tiveness of some MMs in humans. However, the majority of clinical trials
have been conducted in Asia and published in Asian databases (in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese languages; some from
South America are published in Portuguese but provide no summary in English). Full-text publications are usually not
available in English. Some have showed negative results, and many were short-term studies. To date, no systematic
review summarizes the clinical usefulness of different MMs for cancer, oncoimmunological and immunological
diseases, diabetes, Crohn’s disease, and others. The largest number of clinical trials were done using mainly G.
lucidum, L. edodes, G. frondosa, T. versicolor, Sch. commune, Ph. linteus, and A. brasiliensis (=A. blazei sensu Heinem.)
for the treatment of cancer and oncoimmunological and immunological dis- eases, and as immune-adjuvant therapy.
Fruiting bodies of mushrooms and/or their biomass from submerged cultivated mycelia, different types of extracts,
rare spores (from G. lucidum), and pure β-glucans (e.g., lentinan or schizophyllan isolated from culture broth), or
proteoglucan (polysaccha- ride K) or PSP have been used to treat cancer in clinical trials.
Clinical research on the use of MMs to treat different kinds of cancer (breast, stomach, liver, lung, prostate, ovarian,
bladder, brain, head and neck, and leukemia) is sparse. No sound evidence exists on the proper dosages and treatment
period for many species of MMs as adjuvants in managing cancer. Some studies have a peculiar, poor study design; a
small sample size (some with only 1 patient!); lack of replication; variability; nonstandardized mushroom
preparations; and very different statistical methods applied in research.
Unfortunately, some clinical reports lack a specific rationale or describe effects only according to traditional medicinal
applications, without check- ing the mechanism of activity of MMs. β-Glucans have been used as adjuvant therapy in
clinical trials, mainly in Far East countries, with positive effects on patients’ survival and QOL. In many cases mush- rooms
were used as an adjuvant to treatment with conventional chemo- or radiotherapy for different kinds of cancer. The
use of MMs in treatment in clinical trials (Table 2) has shown the significant advantage over chemo- or radiotherapy
in reducing side effects (loss of appetite, hair loss, nausea) and has been proven to potentiate immunity. It has been
suggested that the mechanism of action of an MM occurs through its stimulation of the immune system. Some clinical
studies have clarified the basic mechanisms involved in the immunomodu- lating activity of β-D-glucans, especially
with data on dectin-1 and C3-iCR3 involvement. Dectin-1 is expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, DCs, and T
lymphocytes.
During clinical trials, MMs were shown to activate cytotoxic macrophages, monocytes, neu- trophils, NK cells, DCs,
and chemical messengers (cytokines such as ILs, IFNs, and colony-stimulating factors) that trigger complementary and
acute phase responses. Also, MM products can be con- sidered as multicytokine inducers, able to induce the gene
expression of various immunomodulatory cytokines and cytokine receptors.
Clinical studies have shown that MMs can be used not only as strong immunoceuticals but also as sources of potent
metabolites that are capable of penetrating cell membranes and interfering with particular signal transduction
pathways linked to processes such as inflammation, cell differentiation and survival, carcinogenesis, and metastasis.
One such crucial pathway is the activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. In some studies, levels of IL-1 and
tumor necrosis factor-α were observed to decrease. Clinical studies showed that mushrooms had immunostimulating
and immunosuppressing effects on different parameters, and can be part of oncoimmunological adjuvant therapy
against many cancers. In some studies, regression of lung cancer metastasis was observed (which could be helpful for
the prevention of tumor metastasis without causing any cellular toxicity), and in many cases of chemo- and
radiotherapy, associated side effects and QOL improved. Clinical studies have shown that MMs have become an
important part of cancer prevention and therapy. Used with conventional cancer therapies, MM products are intended
to enhanced patients’ tolerance of chemo- and radiotherapy and reduce their toxicity and damaging side effects.
Clinical trials of the regular consumption of MMs by healthy volunteers showed improved human immunity, throat cell
effector function (increased ILs and tumor necrosis factor, and decreased macrophage inflammatory proteins), and gut
immunity; their ability to fight the cancer increased, as did their ability to fight secondary infections and their gen- eral
QOL.136–144 Clinical studies of healthy volunteers support the idea of the importance of complementary and alternative
therapies in preventive medicine. The idea of disease prevention was proposed a long time ago in traditional Chinese
medicine. Some clinical studies using MMs have indicated that it is important to establish appropriate lifestyles for disease
prevention, and complementary and alternative medicine have commonly been applied to prevent lifestyle- related
diseases.136
Despite significant use of MMs, their positive effects have been insufficiently studied in clinical trials. High-quality,
long-term, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies of MMs showing their efficacy and safety,
and including large population studies to yield statistical power, are definitely needed. Aims of clinical trials during
phases I, II, and III must be to obtain sufficient data on the efficacy and safety of MM drugs and preparations. Future
clinical research needs to validate the oncogenic impact of each MM. The exact mechanisms of action of each mush-
room in each type of cancer pathogenesis should be investigated. Last, but not least, is a problem of taxonomy and
the correct names of MMs used in clinical and epidemiological studies of mush- rooms. For example, some clinical
studies done in Brazil used A. sylvaticus. This name is certainly not correct because A. sylvaticus is not an MM and is
not cultivated on an industrial scale. According to my experience, these studies used A. brasiliensis (=A. blazei), not
A. sylvaticus. Taxonomy of other species, for example, G. lucidum/G. lingzhi and F. velutipes, also require taxonomic
clarification. Without correct identification of mushroom species and mushroom products used in clinical trials, all data
are unreliable.3,4,35
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author thanks Professor U. Lindequist (Germany), Professor N. Ohno (Japan), Professor Ha Won Kim (South
Korea), Professor D. Zied (Brazil), Dr. C. Zhuang (United States), Dr. H.-Ch. Lo (Taiwan), and Dr. P. Stamets (United States)
for helping to gather some published materials dedi- cated to human clinical trials using MMs. The author also gives a
special thanks to N. Ohno for reading the manuscript and providing valuable comments. The author also thanks Robin
Permut (Israel) for her help in editing for English, and Dr. M. Krakhmalnyi for providing technical support related to the
preparation of the manuscript.
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Aiming to build the relationship between the members and the Society, the publication of the newsletters was
proposed before the launching of the Society. The newsletters represent one of the key official publications from the
Society. Contents of the newsletters will include notifications of the decisions made by the committee board, reviews
or comments contributed by ISMM committee members, conferences or activities to be organized, and the status
updated in research, industrialization, and marketing for medicinal mushrooms. The newsletters will be released
quarterly, by the first Monday of every January, April, July, and October, with possible supplementary issues as well.
The Newsletter is open to organizations or professionals to submit news, comments, or scientific papers relating to
medicinal mushroom research, marketing, or industry.
For any inquiry in membership enrollment, subscribing to ISMM newsletters, upcoming activities and events organized
by ISMM, or submitting news reports, statements, or manuscripts to the Society, please contact the secretariat’s office
in Beijing, China.
ISMM Secretariat Office, Beijing
Room D-1216, Jun Feng Hua Ting,
No. 69 West Beichen Road,
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